Prevalencia de fracturas de cadera, fémur y rodilla en la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes" del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social / Prevalence of hip, femur and knee fractures at the High Specialty Medical Unit, Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social

Antecedentes: Las fracturas de la extremidad inferior ocurren más frecuentemente en los pacientes de edad avanzada con osteopenia después de una caída de baja energía y/o en los pacientes más jóvenes involucrados en traumatismos de alta energía. En la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes" se desconoce la prevalencia de fracturas de cadera, fémur y rodilla. Material y métodos: Diseño transversal, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se revisaron los casos con fracturas de la extremidad inferior tratados durante el 01 de enero del 2012 al 31 de diciembre de 2013 en el Servicio de Cirugía de Cadera, Fémur y Rodilla de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes". Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes (52.2%) fueron del sexo femenino, siendo 64.1% de los pacientes mayor de 60 años de edad. La distribución de las fracturas de acuerdo al segmento afectado: 73.4% (n = 1,327) correspondieron a fracturas de fémur, 13.5% (n = 244) a fracturas de la meseta tibial y 13.2% (n = 238) fracturas de patela. En 66.8% (n = 1,209) de los pacientes tuvieron una estancia intrahospitalaria prolongada (mayor a 10 días). De acuerdo con la localización anatómica ósea más frecuente, las fracturas transtrocantéricas (49.1%) fueron las más frecuentes, seguidas por las fracturas de patela (13.2%) y las diafisarias del fémur (12.7%). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de las fracturas de la extremidad inferior en nuestro hospital corresponde con lo reportado a nivel internacional.

Background: Lower limb fractures are more frequent among older patients with osteopenia after a low energy fall and/or among young patients who sustain a high energy trauma. The prevalence of hip, femur and knee fractures at the High Specialty Medical Unit, Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes" is unknown. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study, descriptive and retrospective design. Cases with low extremity fractures treated from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2013 at the Hip, Femur and Knee Service, High Specialty Medical Unit, Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes", were reviewed. Results: Most patients (52.2%) were females; 64.1% of patients were over 60 years of age. Fracture distribution according to the segment involved was as follows: 73.4% (n = 1,327) were femur fractures, 13.5% (n = 244) tibial plateau fractures, and 13.2% (n = 238) patellar fractures. 66.8% (n = 1,209) of patients had a long hospital stay (more than 10 days). According to the anatomical location of fractures, transtrochanteric fractures (49.1%) were the most frequent ones, followed by patellar fractures (13.2%), and femur shaft fractures (12.7%). Conclusions: The prevalence of lower limb fractures at our hospital corresponds to what has been reported internationally.

[Prevalence of hip, femur and knee fractures at the High Specialty Medical Unit, Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social]. / Prevalencia de fracturas de cadera, fémur y rodilla en la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes" del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.

BACKGROUND: Lower limb fractures are more frequent among older patients with osteopenia after a low energy fall and/or among young patients who sustain a high energy trauma. The prevalence of hip, femur and knee fractures at the High Specialty Medical Unit, Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes" is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study, descriptive and retrospective design. Cases with low extremity fractures treated from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2013 at the Hip, Femur and Knee Service, High Specialty Medical Unit, Hospital de Traumatología y Ortopedia "Lomas Verdes", were reviewed. RESULTS: Most patients (52.2%) were females; 64.1% of patients were over 60 years of age. Fracture distribution according to the segment involved was as follows: 73.4% (n = 1,327) were femur fractures, 13.5% (n = 244) tibial plateau fractures, and 13.2% (n = 238) patellar fractures. 66.8% (n = 1,209) of patients had a long hospital stay (more than 10 days). According to the anatomical location of fractures, transtrochanteric fractures (49.1%) were the most frequent ones, followed by patellar fractures (13.2%), and femur shaft fractures (12.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of lower limb fractures at our hospital corresponds to what has been reported internationally.

EBV, HCMV, HHV6, and HHV7 screening in bone marrow samples from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in childhood worldwide and Mexico has reported one of the highest incidence rates. An infectious etiology has been suggested and supported by epidemiological evidences; however, the identity of the involved agent(s) is not known. We considered that early transmitted lymphotropic herpes viruses were good candidates, since transforming mechanisms have been described for them and some are already associated with human cancers. In this study we interrogated the direct role of EBV, HCMV, HHV6, and HHV7 human herpes viruses in childhood ALL. Viral genomes were screened in 70 bone marrow samples from ALL patients through standard and a more sensitive nested PCR. Positive samples were detected only by nested PCR indicating a low level of infection. Our result argues that viral genomes were not present in all leukemic cells, and, hence, infection most likely was not part of the initial genetic lesions leading to ALL. The high statistical power of the study suggested that these agents are not involved in the genesis of ALL in Mexican children. Additional analysis showed that detected infections or coinfections were not associated with prognosis.

Allergy and acute leukaemia in children with Down syndrome: a population study. Report from the Mexican inter-institutional group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukaemia.

BACKGROUND: Allergies have been described as protective factors against the development of childhood acute leukaemia (AL). Our objective was to investigate the associations between allergy history and the development of AL and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS: A case-control study was performed in Mexico City. The cases (n=97) were diagnosed at nine public hospitals, and the controls (n=222) were recruited at institutions for children with DS. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated. RESULTS: Asthma was positively associated with AL development (OR=4.18; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47-11.87), whereas skin allergies were negatively associated (OR=0.42; 95% CI: 0.20-0.91). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that allergies and AL in children with DS share biological and immune mechanisms. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting associations between allergies and AL in children with DS.

Breastfeeding and early infection in the aetiology of childhood leukaemia in Down syndrome.

BACKGROUND: For a child to develop acute leukaemia (AL), environmental exposure may not be sufficient: interaction with a susceptibility factor to the disease, such as Down syndrome (DS), may also be necessary. We assessed whether breastfeeding and early infection were associated with the risk of developing AL in children with DS. METHODS: Children with DS in Mexico City, and either with or without AL, were the cases (N=57) and controls (N=218), respectively. Population was divided in children with AL and with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and also in children < or = 6 and >6 years old. RESULTS: Breastfeeding and early infections showed moderate (but not significant) association for AL, whereas hospitalisation by infection during the first year of life increased the risk: odds ratios (confidence interval 95%) were 0.84 (0.43-1.61), 1.70 (0.82-3.52); and 3.57 (1.59-8.05), respectively. A similar result was obtained when only ALL was analysed. CONCLUSION: We found that breastfeeding was a protective factor for developing AL and ALL, and during the first year of life, infections requiring hospitalisation were related to a risk for developing the disease in those children with DS >6 years of age. These data do not support the Greaves's hypothesis of early infection being protective for developing ALL.