Activity of compounds derived from benzofuroxan in Trichomonasvaginalis.

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Currently, trichomoniasis is treated with the class of nitroimidazoles, namely, metronidazole; however, resistant isolates and strains have been reported. The compounds derived from benzofuroxan are biologically active heterocycles. This study evaluated the in vitro antiparasitic activity of these compounds in trophozoites of T. vaginalis and determined the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), mortality curve, and cytotoxicity. The compounds were named EH1, EH2, EH3, and EA2 and tested in various concentrations: 100 to 15 µM (EH1 and EH2); 100 to 5 µM (EH3); and 100 to 25 µM (EA2), respectively. The greatest efficacy was observed in the highest concentrations in 24 h, with inhibition of approximately 100% of trophozoites. Compounds EH2 and EH3 had the lowest MIC: EH2 (35 µM) and EH3 (45 µM), with IC50 of 11.33 µM and 6.83 µM, respectively. Compound EA2 was effective at the highest concentrations. The activity of the compounds in T. vaginalis started in the first hour of incubation with 90% inhibition; after 12 h, inhibition >95% was observed. Compound EH1 showed the lowest activity, with the highest activity between 12 and 24 h after incubation. These results demonstrate that benzofuroxan derivatives are promising compounds for the in vitro treatment of T. vaginalis.

Microscopic alterations in Fasciola hepatica treated with the essential oils of Pelargonium graveolens and Citrus aurantium.

Fasciolosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in animal health, affecting mainly ruminants, causing economic and productivity losses. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal and adulticidal activity of essential oils (EOs) from Pelargonium graveolens (geranium) and Citrus aurantium (sour orange) on Fasciola hepatica. Performed Gas Chromatography of EOs P. graveolens and C. aurantium, with major compound, citronellol (31.37 %) and limonene (93.89 %), respectively. For the cytotoxicity assay, the sour orange EO showed to be promising when used in lower concentrations. For the ovicidal tests, the eggs were incubated with geranium EOs at concentrations from 4.5 to 0.03375 mg/mL and sour orange at concentrations from 4.25 to 0.031875 mg/mL, along with controls. The viable eggs were counted on the 14th day post-incubation. Adult forms of F. hepatica were incubated containing the EOs and observed for 24 h after treatment, as well as the control groups. Later the specimens were fixed for histological analysis. Geranium and sour orange EOs in trematode eggs at the concentrations tested were 100 % effective in inactivating hatching (p < 0.05) when compared to the untreated control. In the adulticidal test, the essential oil of P. graveolens at both concentrations tested (0.0675 and 0.03375) within 15 h, promoted the death of flukes. For C. aurantium, 18 h was enough to inactivate all specimens, up to a concentration of 0.06375. The histological analysis, observed the accumulation of liquid in the tegument in the specimens incubated in C. aurantium and P. graveolens, with vacuolization in the tegument and spines, preventing externalization. The results of the study present OEs with efficient ovicidal and adulticidal activity.

Atlantic rainforest natural regeneration in fragmented formations affected by increasing human disturbance.

Forests provides major ecosystem services worldwide. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF) has been dramatically devastated, with fragmentation processes jeopardizing its long-term sustainability. This study investigated the structure and successional dynamics in BAF natural regeneration along an anthroposequence characterized by increasing human disturbance histories as: secondary (SF) > disturbed (DF) > late forest (LF). We aimed to understand how and the degree to which BAF fragmentation and human disturbance affected plants, soils, and the whole soil-plant relationships and feedbacks. We investigated the natural regeneration conditions of plants (using plant classification and quali-quantitative analyses) and soil chemistry (including pH-CaCl2, H + Al, C, N, Pt, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations, Al, B, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, and Zn) at twelve permanent, 2000 m2 plots, distributed across LF, DF, and SF forests. Significant differences were determined by ANOVA. Correlation matrix (CM) and factor analysis (FA) were used for understanding correlations and feedbacks/variability among investigated parameters, respectively. Most of investigated plant and soil parameters showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between more developed plant formations (LF) vs less developed ones (SF), with differences mainly due to soil's development stage. All investigated forest formations are featured by a great influence of the soil-plant relationships and feedbacks, with a decreasing magnitude as LF → DF → SF. Thus, there is a direct, statistically recognizable impact of both "recent" as well as "ancient" human disturbance on investigated soil-plant formations. The anthropogenic influence clearly affected not only plant and soil as "separate" systems but the whole complex of interactions and feedbacks among ecosystem components. A decreasing quality in soil and plant parameters was observed as human disturbance increased. We demonstrated that BAF plant and soil require decades for their recovery after human disturbances, with complex mechanisms and behaviors in the relationships among ecosystem components. The results can be useful for managing future recovery in an ecosystem of worldwide strategic importance.

Long-term effects of simulated gastric juice alternated with brushing on hardness, substance loss, flexural strength and reliability of CAD-CAM monolithic materials.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate, over a simulated 5-year period, the effect of simulated gastric juice alternated with brushing on CAD-CAM monolithic materials considering microhardness, substance loss, flexural strength, and reliability of the materials. METHODOLOGY: Blocks from Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), IPS Empress CAD (EMP), IPS e.max CAD (EMAX), and Vita Suprinity (VS) were milled into cylinders and sliced into disks. The EMAX and VS were crystallized, and all specimens were polished with silicon carbide papers and allocated as follows: 1) artificial saliva + brushing or 2) simulated gastric juice (0.113% hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution in deionized water, pH 1.2) + brushing, simulating 1, 3, and 5 years of clinical function. Each year of clinical function was simulated by three repetitions of immersion for 3 hours in artificial saliva or simulated gastric juice followed by 1,217 brushing cycles. The microhardness and substance loss were evaluated at baseline (T0) and at each year by using a Vickers hardness tester and an analytical balance. The biaxial flexural strength (BFS) test was performed in a mechanical testing machine at the end of the 5th year. Weibull modulus was calculated from the BFS data. RESULTS: The microhardness of the LU was not influenced by the treatment, whereas that of the other materials, in certain years, was significantly lower in the gastric juice + brushing groups in comparison with artificial saliva + brushing groups. In general, the materials did not present a significant change in microhardness over time, for either of the treatments. The LU alone showed greater substance loss in the gastric juice + brushing groups for every year. In both treatments, the LU, VE, and EMP exhibited a significant increase in the substance loss over time. The treatment did not affect the BFS of the materials. The gastric juice + brushing decreased the reliability of the VE. CONCLUSIONS: All materials were somehow impaired by the gastric juice + brushing in at least one of the evaluated parameters, except for the BFS. However, in a deeper analysis, the LU would be the least indicated materials, followed by VE, for patients with eating disorders.

Preventing Uterine Cervix Cancer: The Clinical Meaning of Atypical Glandular Cells / Prevenção do câncer do colo uterino: Significado clínico das células glandulares atípicas

Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of the atypical glandular cells (AGCs) cytology and to analyze its clinical significance in different age ranges. Methods Retrospective observational study using computerized data from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, including women screened between January 2002 and December 2008. The women included were those with an AGC result who were properly followed-up with colposcopy and a second cytology. Results A total of 132,147 cytopathological exams were performed during the study period. Five-hundred and thirty-three (0.4%) women with AGC cytology were identified and, of these, 69.41% (370/533) were properly referred for colposcopy and a new cytology. Most of the women (79.2%) with a 1st or 2nd AGC cytology were between the ages of 25 and 54 years. The 2nd cytology demonstrated 67.6% (250/370) of normality, 24.5% (91/370) of squamous atypia, and 6.2% (23/370) of AGC, 0.8% (3/370) adenocarcinoma in situ and 0.8% (3/370) adenocarcinoma invasor. On biopsy of the women with a second AGC cytology, 43.4% (10/23) had normal histology, 43.4% (10/23) had squamous lesions, 8.7% (2/23) had invasive adenocarcinoma, and 1.2% (1/23) had an inconclusive report. All of the women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or invasive adenocarcinoma (respectively 5 and 2 patients), after a 2nd AGC cytology were 25 years old or older. Conclusion The prevalence of the AGC cytology was low in the studied population. Most of the AGC cytology cases occurred in adult women between the ages of 25 and 54. Although most of the patients had normal histology after follow-up, several of them presented with squamous intraepithelial lesions or invasive adenocarcinoma.

Resumo Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de citologia com laudo de células glandulares atípicas (AGCs, na sigla em inglês) e analisar a significância clínica nas diferentes faixas etárias Métodos Estudo observacional retrospectivo, usando os dados arquivados no sistema do Instituto Nacional de Câncer no Brasil, que incluiu mulheres rastreadas entre janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2008. As mulheres incluídas tinham citologia com resultado de AGCs, que foram acompanhadas com colposcopia e nova citologia Resultados Um total de132,147 exames citopatológicos foram incluídos durante o período de estudo. Quinhentas e trinta e três mulheres com citologia de AGC foram identificadas e destas, 69.41% (370) foram encaminhadas para colposcopia e nova citologia. A prevalência de citologia de AGC na população estudada foi 0.4%. A maioria das mulheres (79.22%) com resultado citológico de AGC tinham idade entre 25 e 54 anos. A segunda citologia demonstrou 67.56% (250/370) de normalidade, 24.5% (91/370) de atipias escamosas, e 6.2% (23/370) de AGC. Na biopsia das mulheres com a 2ª citologia de AGC, 43.4% (10/23) tinham histologia normal, 43.4% (10/23) tinha lesões escamosas, 8.7% (2/23) tinha adenocarcinoma invasor e 1.2% (1/23) tinha laudo inconclusivo. Todas as mulheres com lesões intraepiteliais escamosas de alto grau (HSIL, na sigla em inglês) ou adenocarcinoma invasor (respectivamente 5 e 2pacientes), após a 2ª citologia com AGC, tinham 25 anos de idade ou mais. Conclusão A prevalência de citologia com AGC foi baixa na população estudada. Muitos casos de citologia com AGC apareceram em mulheres adultas, entre 25 e 54 anos de idade. Embora a maioria das pacientes tiveram histologia normal após seguimento, várias apresentaram lesões intraepiteliais escamosas ou glandulares invasoras.

Long-term effect of gastric juice alternating with brushing on the surface roughness, topography, and staining susceptibility of CAD-CAM monolithic materials.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Studies on the behavior of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) monolithic materials subjected to gastric juice alternating with brushing-as occurs in patients with bulimia nervosa-are lacking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate, over a simulated 5-year period, the effect of gastric juice alternating with brushing on the roughness, topography, and staining susceptibility of CAD-CAM monolithic materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Disks of Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), IPS Empress CAD (EMP), IPS e.max CAD (EMAX), and Vita Suprinity (VS) were randomly allocated to artificial saliva+brushing or gastric juice+brushing groups, simulating 1, 3, and 5 years of clinical function. The roughness (Sa) and topography were evaluated at baseline (T0) and at each simulated year. For the staining susceptibility (ΔE00), the CIELab color coordinates were registered at baseline, and, at the end of the fifth simulated year, the specimens were immersed in deionized water, coffee, or cola before the second reading. Roughness data were submitted to mixed repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni, and the staining susceptibility data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and the Games-Howell test (α=.05). RESULTS: The gastric juice+brushing led to higher roughness than artificial saliva+brushing only in the VE at T3 and T5 (P<.01). In both treatments, the LU and VE showed topography changes and an increase in roughness over time (P<.001), in addition to higher roughness than the other materials (P<.001). The staining susceptibility of the materials to each staining solution was not affected by the treatment (P>.05). The LU and VS groups were more stained by coffee (P<.001), while the VE and EMP groups were more stained by cola (P≤.016), except for the EMP in the gastric juice+brushing, where no significant difference was found between cola and coffee (P>.05). The EMAX was imperceptibly affected by the 3 solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Concerning roughness and topography, the LU and VE were the most affected by both treatments. The staining susceptibility of the materials was not affected by the treatment.

Preventing Uterine Cervix Cancer: The Clinical Meaning of Atypical Glandular Cells.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of the atypical glandular cells (AGCs) cytology and to analyze its clinical significance in different age ranges. METHODS: Retrospective observational study using computerized data from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, including women screened between January 2002 and December 2008. The women included were those with an AGC result who were properly followed-up with colposcopy and a second cytology. RESULTS: A total of 132,147 cytopathological exams were performed during the study period. Five-hundred and thirty-three (0.4%) women with AGC cytology were identified and, of these, 69.41% (370/533) were properly referred for colposcopy and a new cytology. Most of the women (79.2%) with a 1st or 2nd AGC cytology were between the ages of 25 and 54 years. The 2nd cytology demonstrated 67.6% (250/370) of normality, 24.5% (91/370) of squamous atypia, and 6.2% (23/370) of AGC, 0.8% (3/370) adenocarcinoma in situ and 0.8% (3/370) adenocarcinoma invasor. On biopsy of the women with a second AGC cytology, 43.4% (10/23) had normal histology, 43.4% (10/23) had squamous lesions, 8.7% (2/23) had invasive adenocarcinoma, and 1.2% (1/23) had an inconclusive report. All of the women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or invasive adenocarcinoma (respectively 5 and 2 patients), after a 2nd AGC cytology were 25 years old or older. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of the AGC cytology was low in the studied population. Most of the AGC cytology cases occurred in adult women between the ages of 25 and 54. Although most of the patients had normal histology after follow-up, several of them presented with squamous intraepithelial lesions or invasive adenocarcinoma.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de citologia com laudo de células glandulares atípicas (AGCs, na sigla em inglês) e analisar a significância clínica nas diferentes faixas etárias MéTODOS: Estudo observacional retrospectivo, usando os dados arquivados no sistema do Instituto Nacional de Câncer no Brasil, que incluiu mulheres rastreadas entre janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2008. As mulheres incluídas tinham citologia com resultado de AGCs, que foram acompanhadas com colposcopia e nova citologia RESULTADOS: Um total de132,147 exames citopatológicos foram incluídos durante o período de estudo. Quinhentas e trinta e três mulheres com citologia de AGC foram identificadas e destas, 69.41% (370) foram encaminhadas para colposcopia e nova citologia. A prevalência de citologia de AGC na população estudada foi 0.4%. A maioria das mulheres (79.22%) com resultado citológico de AGC tinham idade entre 25 e 54 anos. A segunda citologia demonstrou 67.56% (250/370) de normalidade, 24.5% (91/370) de atipias escamosas, e 6.2% (23/370) de AGC. Na biopsia das mulheres com a 2ª citologia de AGC, 43.4% (10/23) tinham histologia normal, 43.4% (10/23) tinha lesões escamosas, 8.7% (2/23) tinha adenocarcinoma invasor e 1.2% (1/23) tinha laudo inconclusivo. Todas as mulheres com lesões intraepiteliais escamosas de alto grau (HSIL, na sigla em inglês) ou adenocarcinoma invasor (respectivamente 5 e 2 pacientes), após a 2ª citologia com AGC, tinham 25 anos de idade ou mais. CONCLUSãO: A prevalência de citologia com AGC foi baixa na população estudada. Muitos casos de citologia com AGC apareceram em mulheres adultas, entre 25 e 54 anos de idade. Embora a maioria das pacientes tiveram histologia normal após seguimento, várias apresentaram lesões intraepiteliais escamosas ou glandulares invasoras.

Long-term effects of simulated gastric juice alternated with brushing on hardness, substance loss, flexural strength and reliability of CAD-CAM monolithic materials

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate, over a simulated 5-year period, the effect of simulated gastric juice alternated with brushing on CAD-CAM monolithic materials considering microhardness, substance loss, flexural strength, and reliability of the materials. Methodology: Blocks from Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), IPS Empress CAD (EMP), IPS e.max CAD (EMAX), and Vita Suprinity (VS) were milled into cylinders and sliced into disks. The EMAX and VS were crystallized, and all specimens were polished with silicon carbide papers and allocated as follows: 1) artificial saliva + brushing or 2) simulated gastric juice (0.113% hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution in deionized water, pH 1.2) + brushing, simulating 1, 3, and 5 years of clinical function. Each year of clinical function was simulated by three repetitions of immersion for 3 hours in artificial saliva or simulated gastric juice followed by 1,217 brushing cycles. The microhardness and substance loss were evaluated at baseline (T0) and at each year by using a Vickers hardness tester and an analytical balance. The biaxial flexural strength (BFS) test was performed in a mechanical testing machine at the end of the 5th year. Weibull modulus was calculated from the BFS data. Results: The microhardness of the LU was not influenced by the treatment, whereas that of the other materials, in certain years, was significantly lower in the gastric juice + brushing groups in comparison with artificial saliva + brushing groups. In general, the materials did not present a significant change in microhardness over time, for either of the treatments. The LU alone showed greater substance loss in the gastric juice + brushing groups for every year. In both treatments, the LU, VE, and EMP exhibited a significant increase in the substance loss over time. The treatment did not affect the BFS of the materials. The gastric juice + brushing decreased the reliability of the VE. Conclusions: All materials were somehow impaired by the gastric juice + brushing in at least one of the evaluated parameters, except for the BFS. However, in a deeper analysis, the LU would be the least indicated materials, followed by VE, for patients with eating disorders.

Assessment of patient safety culture in Brazilian hospitals through HSOPSC: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: to describe, from literature, the characteristics of patient safety culture in Brazilian hospitals that applied the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. METHODS: this is a scoping review. A search was performed in the databases LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and in the CAPES Dissertations and Theses Database in September and October 2020. RESULTS: thirty-six studies were identified. Nine studies identified strengthened areas such as: "teamwork within the units", "expectations of supervisor/boss and actions promoting safety", "organizational learning", "support of hospital management for patient safety" and "frequency of report of events". As a critical area, the dimension "non-punitive response to error" was evidenced in 30 of 36 studies. CONCLUSIONS: the identification of areas of strength and critical areas of safety culture is relevant to encourage improvement of patient safety problems in an institution.

Overview of falls in Brazilian public policies / Panorama das quedas nas políticas públicas brasileiras

Abstract Public policies portray the proposals of actions on circumstances that affect the population unfavorably. Falls represent an important factor of morbidity and mortality and damage to aging. Thus, the objective of the research was to outline the panorama of falls in the governmental sphere by analyzing and identifying its relevance in official publications. The research, qualitative of document analysis, started with the content analysis of 14 documents and verified that falls are addressed concisely, in most of the documents, and aimed at health professionals. It is noteworthy that falls are highlighted as preventable occurrences and subject to intervention by the elderly themselves, family members, health professionals, and managers.

Resumo As políticas públicas retratam as propostas de ações sobre circunstâncias que afetam a população desfavoravelmente. As quedas representam um fator importante de morbimortalidade e prejuízos ao envelhecimento. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa foi delinear o panorama das quedas na esfera governamental por meio da análise e identificar sua relevância nas publicações oficiais. A pesquisa, qualitativa de análise documental, partiu da análise de conteúdo de 14 documentos e verificou que as quedas são abordadas de forma concisa, na maior parte dos documentos e destinada aos profissionais de saúde. Ressalta-se que as quedas são destacadas como ocorrências preveníveis e passíveis de intervenção por parte dos próprios idosos, familiares, profissionais de saúde e gestores.

Assessment of patient safety culture in Brazilian hospitals through HSOPSC: a scoping review / Evaluación de la cultura de seguridad del paciente en los hospitales brasileños a través del HSOPSC: revisión de alcance / Avaliação da cultura de segurança do paciente em hospitais brasileiros através do HSOPSC: scoping review

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe, from literature, the characteristics of patient safety culture in Brazilian hospitals that applied the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Methods: this is a scoping review. A search was performed in the databases LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and in the CAPES Dissertations and Theses Database in September and October 2020. Results: thirty-six studies were identified. Nine studies identified strengthened areas such as: "teamwork within the units", "expectations of supervisor/boss and actions promoting safety", "organizational learning", "support of hospital management for patient safety" and "frequency of report of events". As a critical area, the dimension "non-punitive response to error" was evidenced in 30 of 36 studies. Conclusions: the identification of areas of strength and critical areas of safety culture is relevant to encourage improvement of patient safety problems in an institution.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir, a partir de la literatura, las características de la cultura de seguridad del paciente en los hospitales brasileños que aplicaron el Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Métodos: esta es una revisión de alcance. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos LILACS, PuBMed, SciELO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus y el Banco de Disertaciones y Tesis CAPES en septiembre y octubre de 2020. Resultados: se identificaron 36 estudios. Nueve estudios identificaron áreas fortalecidas como: "trabajo en equipo dentro de las unidades", "expectativas del supervisor/jefe y acciones que promuevan la seguridade", "aprendizaje organizacional", "apoyo a la gestión hospitalaria para la seguridad del paciente" y "frecuencia de notificación de eventos". Como área crítica, la dimensión "respuesta no punitiva al error" se evidenció en 30 de los 36 estudios. Conclusiones: la identificación de áreas de fortaleza y áreas críticas de la cultura de seguridad es relevante para incentivar la mejora de los problemas de seguridad del paciente en una institución.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever, a partir da literatura, as características da cultura de segurança do paciente nos hospitais brasileiros que aplicaram o Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Métodos: trata-se de uma scoping review. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados LILACS, PuBMed, SciELO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus e no Banco de Dissertações e Teses da CAPES, em setembro e outubro de 2020. Resultados: foram identificados 36 estudos. Nove estudos identificaram áreas fortalecidas como: "trabalho em equipe dentro das unidades", "expectativas do supervisor/chefe e ações promotoras da segurança", "aprendizado organizacional", "apoio da gestão hospitalar para a segurança do paciente" e "frequência da notificação de eventos". Como área crítica, a dimensão "resposta não punitiva ao erro" foi evidenciada em 30 dos 36 estudos. Conclusões: a identificação de áreas de força e áreas críticas da cultura de segurança é relevante para incitar a melhoria de problemas de segurança do paciente em uma instituição.

Deletion of miRNA-22 Induces Cardiac Hypertrophy in Females but Attenuates Obesogenic Diet-Mediated Metabolic Disorders.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Obesity is a risk factor associated with cardiometabolic complications. Recently, we reported that miRNA-22 deletion attenuated high-fat diet-induced adiposity and prevented dyslipidemia without affecting cardiac hypertrophy in male mice. In this study, we examined the impact of miRNA-22 in obesogenic diet-induced cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in females. METHODS: Wild type (WT) and miRNA-22 knockout (miRNA-22 KO) females were fed a control or an obesogenic diet. Body weight gain, adiposity, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Cardiac and white adipose tissue remodeling was assessed by histological analyses. Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function and morphology. RNA-sequencing analysis was employed to characterize mRNA expression profiles in female hearts. RESULTS: Loss of miRNA-22 attenuated body weight gain, adiposity, and prevented obesogenic diet-induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in females. WT obese females developed cardiac hypertrophy. Interestingly, miRNA-22 KO females displayed cardiac hypertrophy without left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis. Both miRNA-22 deletion and obesogenic diet changed mRNA expression profiles in female hearts. Enrichment analysis revealed that genes associated with regulation of the force of heart contraction, protein folding and fatty acid oxidation were enriched in hearts of WT obese females. In addition, genes related to thyroid hormone responses, heart growth and PI3K signaling were enriched in hearts of miRNA-22 KO females. Interestingly, miRNA-22 KO obese females exhibited reduced mRNA levels of Yap1, Egfr and Tgfbr1 compared to their respective controls. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that miRNA-22 deletion induces cardiac hypertrophy in females without affecting myocardial function. In addition, our findings suggest miRNA-22 as a potential therapeutic target to treat obesity-related metabolic disorders in females.

Immunomodulatory effect of Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112 supplementation in puppies vaccinated against canine parvovirus / Efeito imunomodulador da suplementação de Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112 em cachorros vacinados contra o parvovírus canino

Bacillus toyonensis is a probiotic microorganism that for decades has been used in animal nutrition around the world. The objective of this work was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of oral B. toyonensis supplementation in dogs vaccinated against canine parvovirus. Puppies were randomly selected and divided in two groups, one received B. toyonensis at a concentration of 2x10 8 viable spores per day and another group without supplementation was left as control. The puppies were vaccinated against canine parvovirus type 2. B. toyonensis supplementation was efficient in stimulating specific IgG for parvovirus with titers of 2, 3, and 2.5-fold higher than controls at 7, 21, and 35 pos-vaccination days respectively. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from dogs were cultured and stimulated with B. toyonensis DNA, vegetative cell and spores. The mRNA transcription of cytokines IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ up modulated by the stimuli. Thus, we conclude in this study that B. toyonensis supplementation may amplify the vaccine immune response against canine parvovirus.(AU)

Bacillus toyonensis é um micro-organismo probiótico que há décadas é utilizado na nutrição animal em todo o mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito imunomodulador da suplementação oral de B. toyonensis em cães vacinados contra o parvovírus canino. Os filhotes foram selecionados aleatoriamente e divididos em dois grupos, um recebeu B. toyonensis na concentração de 2 × 10 8 esporos viáveis por dia e outro grupo sem suplementação como controle. Os filhotes foram vacinados contra o parvovírus canino tipo 2. A suplementação com B. toyonensis foi eficiente em estimular IgG específica para parvovírus com títulos de 2, 3 e 2,5 vezes maior que os controles aos 7, 21 e 35 dias pós-vacinação, respectivamente. Células mononucleares do sangue periférico (PBMCs) de cães foram cultivadas e estimuladas com DNA de B. toyonensis, células vegetativas e esporos. A transcrição do mRNA das citocinas IL-4, IL-17 e IFN-γ foi modulada pelos estímulos. Assim, concluímos neste estudo que a suplementação com B. toyonensis pode amplificar a resposta imune da vacina contra o parvovírus canino.(AU)

Prevenção de quedas nos idosos: o que dizem as publicações oficiais brasileiras? / Prevención de caídas en los ancianos: ¿lo que dicen las publicaciones oficiales brasileñas? / Falls prevention in elderly: what official brazilian publications say?

Objetivo: identificar nas publicações oficiais brasileiras quais são as intervenções que contribuem para a prevenção de quedas entre idosos. Método: revisão integrativa com busca em bibliotecas virtuais dos órgãos oficiais públicos federativos e do estado de São Paulo, sem delimitação de tempo. Foram selecionadas 15 publicações oficiais brasileiras sobre idosos, das quais foram extraídas informações por meio de instrumento adaptado para revisão. Os dados foram sintetizados e apresentados por meio de tabela que contém as categorias e as intervenções verificadas na amostra. Resultados: foram constatadas categorias de intervenção como ações na acessibilidade urbana, nas atividades físicas, na participação social, nas atividades de lazer, na adaptação do ambiente domiciliar, na capacitação assistencial e na conscientização da população. Conclusões: verificou-se que as intervenções contribuem para a prevenção de quedas, observando-se predominância de menção aos fatores extrínsecos e que as propostas não se encontram estruturadas.(AU)

Objective: identify in Brazilian official publications which interventions contribute to the prevention of falls in the elderly. Method: an integrative review on the virtual libraries of the official federal and São Paulo state public agencies without time delimitation. Fifteen Brazilian official publications on the elderly were selected, from which information was extracted by means of an instrument adapted for revision. The data were summarised and presented through a table containing the categories and interventions verified in the sample. Results: intervention categories were verified as actions in urban accessibility, physical activities, social participation, leisure activities, adaptation in the home environment, assistance training and population awareness. Conclusions: it was found that the interventions contribute to the prevention of falls, with a predominance of mention of extrinsic factors and that the proposals are not structured.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar en las publicaciones oficiales brasileñas qué intervenciones contribuyen a la prevención de caídas en los ancianos. Método: revisión integradora en las bibliotecas virtuales de los organismos públicos federales y estatal de São Paulo, sin delimitación temporal. Se seleccionaron 15 publicaciones sobre los ancianos, que se extrajo información por un instrumento adaptado para revisión. Los datos se resumieron y presentaron mediante un cuadro que contiene las categorías e intervenciones verificadas en la muestra. Resultados: se verificaron las categorías de intervención como acciones en la accesibilidad urbana, actividades físicas, participación social, actividades de ocio, adaptación en el entorno doméstico, formación de asistencia y sensibilización de la población. Conclusiones: Se constató que las intervenciones contribuyen a la prevención de caídas, con un predominio de la mención de factores extrínsecos y que las propuestas no están estructuradas.(AU)

Risk Behavior for Falls in the Elderly: Experiences of Community Health Workers / Comportamiento de riesgo para caídas en adultos mayores: experiencias de los agentes comunitarios en salud / Comportamento de risco e fatores para quedas em idosos: experiências de Agentes Comunitários em Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the risk behaviors of the elderly at home, described by community health workers, and related factors. Materials and methods: Qualitative research, in the dialectical perspective, carried out through a focus group with community health workers from a family health strategy unit in a municipality of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Thematic content analysis was used for the study. Results: The revealed risk behaviors are related to extrinsic factors (architecture, furniture, and equipment), socioeconomic factors (low income, level of education, deficit of social and a family support), and psychological factors (feeling of vulnerability, dependence and not self-acknowledging in a dangerous condition). Conclusions: Falls are the result of a complex interaction between the factors and, the behaviors studied so that adequate identification of these can subsidize individual and collective intervention actions, as well as care management and planning processes aimed at the health of the elderly person.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los comportamientos de riesgo de los adultos mayores en el domicilio descritos por las agentes comunitarias de salud y sus factores relacionados. Material y método: investigación cualitativa, en la perspectiva dialéctica, realizada por medio de un grupo focal con agentes comunitarios de salud de una unidad de estrategia de salud de la familia de un municipio en el Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Para el análisis, se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: los comportamientos de riesgo revelados están relacionados con factores extrínsecos (arquitectura, mobiliario y equipamiento), factores socioeconómicos (bajos ingresos, escolarización, déficit de apoyo social y familiar) y factores psicológicos (sensación de vulnerabilidad, dependencia y no reconocerse en una condición peligrosa). Conclusiones: las caídas son el resultado de una compleja interacción entre los factores y los comportamientos estudiados, por lo que una adecuada identificación de estos puede subvencionar acciones de intervención individual y colectiva, así como procesos de gestión y planificación de cuidados dirigidos a la salud de la persona mayor.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os comportamentos de risco dos idosos em domicílio e descrever fatores relacionados. Material e método: pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio de Grupo Focal com Agentes Comunitárias de Saúde de uma unidade de Estratégia de Saúde da Família de um município no interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Para análise, utilizou-se análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: revelaram comportamentos de risco relacionados a fatores extrínsecos (arquitetônicos, mobiliários e equipamentos), fatores socioeconômicos (baixa renda e escolaridade, déficit suporte social e familiar) e fatores psicológicos (sentir-se vulnerável, dependente e não reconhecer-se em condição de risco). Conclusão: as quedas são resultado da complexa interação entre os fatores e comportamentos estudados, portanto uma adequada identificação destes podem subsidiar ações de intervenção individual e coletiva, assim como processos de planejamento de cuidado e gestão voltadas à saúde do idoso.

Does airborne-particle abrasion before, rather than after, zirconia sintering lead to higher mechanical strength even under aging challenge?

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Information concerning the effect of airborne-particle abrasion before zirconia sintering on its strength after aging is lacking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the influence of airborne-particle abrasion moment (before or after zirconia sintering), particle size, and aging on the mechanical strength of a yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ceramic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four hundred presintered zirconia disks were allocated to nonabraded (control) and abraded groups with 50 µm or 120 µm Al2O3 particles before (50/BS or 120/BS) or after sintering (50/AS or 120/AS). The disks were aged by storing them in distilled water for 24 hours at 37 °C (24 h) (control); mechanical cycling (MC) (1×106 cycles; 2 Hz; 100 N); hydrothermal aging (HA) (134 °C; 0.2 MPa; 20 hours); or by both methods (MC+HA), totaling 20 groups (n=20). The specimens were subjected to biaxial flexural strength (BFS) testing. Fractographic analysis was performed to identify the fracture origin. Tetragonal to monoclinic transformation was determined by X-ray diffraction. The BFS data (MPa) were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and the Games-Howell post hoc test (α=.05). Weibull statistics was also applied. RESULTS: The BFS and characteristic strength (σ0) of the 120/AS groups were significantly higher compared with the other abraded groups and statistically similar or higher compared with the respective nonabraded groups. In contrast, the 120/BS/24 h and all the 50/BS groups presented the lowest values. In all groups, the initial defect had its origin on the tensile stress side. Neither airborne-particle abrasion nor aging (except for the 50/AS/MC+HA) reduced the zirconia reliability compared with the respective controls. Abrading the zirconia in its presintered stage or after sintering increased the monoclinic phase content, and the sintering process eliminated this phase. CONCLUSIONS: Airborne-particle abrasion before zirconia sintering yields an inferior performance compared with that after sintering under aging challenges. The BFS and σ0 were strongly determined by the particle size and airborne-particle abrasion moment, while aging mainly acted in the nonabraded zirconia or when this material was abraded before sintering.

Influence of simulated gastric juice on surface characteristics of CAD-CAM monolithic materials.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: How the surfaces of monolithic esthetic restorations behave in the presence of acidic substances is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of simulated gastric juice on roughness, morphology, microhardness, substance loss, and color change of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) monolithic materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Disks from Lava Ultimate, VITA ENAMIC, IPS e.max CAD, and VITA SUPRINITY were analyzed for roughness, morphology, and microhardness by using a confocal microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Vickers hardness tester. Substance loss was determined by weighing the specimens on an analytical balance, and color change (ΔE) was assessed by using a spectrophotometer based on the CIELab parameters. All analyses were carried out before and after acid exposure. RESULTS: Acid exposure significantly decreased the roughness, having a very high effect size on this property. The material was highly decisive in determining the microhardness, presenting the following order: VITA SUPRINITY>IPS e.max CAD>VITA ENAMIC>Lava Ultimate. The mass was not significantly affected by the acidic challenge. No significant difference in ΔE was found between Lava Ultimate and VITA ENAMIC and between IPS e.max CAD and VITA SUPRINITY. Lava Ultimate showed a higher ΔE than IPS e.max CAD and VITA SUPRINITY, whereas VITA ENAMIC exhibited higher ΔE only when compared with VITA SUPRINITY. All materials presented ΔE<1. CONCLUSIONS: The simulated gastric juice significantly influenced the roughness of all the evaluated materials and promoted a color change classified as clinically undetectable in all materials.

Playful educational intervention with schoolchildren on intestinal parasitosis / Intervención educativa lúdica sobre parasitosis intestinales con escolares / Intervenção educativa lúdica sobre parasitoses intestinais com escolares

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the playful educational interventions in the knowledge of schoolchildren about intestinal parasitosis. Method: This is a quasi-experimental, non-randomized study, based on pre- and post-intervention, conducted in a public elementary school in a peripheric neighborhood in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP). The study population consisted of 101 students enrolled in the 5th and 6th grade. For comparison, we used the generalized version of the McNemar chi-squared test. Results: Of the 101 schoolchildren who participated in the study, 48 (47.5%) were female and 53 (52.5%) were male, aged from 9 to 14 years. Students' knowledge on intestinal parasitic infections has increased significantly after the playful educational intervention. Conclusion: Playful educational interventions are an excellent didactical resource in the teaching-learning process of schoolchildren.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las intervenciones educativas lúdicas en el conocimiento de escolares sobre enteroparasitosis. Método: Se trata de estudio casi-experimental, no aleatorizado, basado en la pre y pos-intervención, que ha sido ocurrido en escuela pública de enseñanza primaria de un barrio de la periferia en la ciudad de Ribeirão Preto (SP). La población del estudio ha sido conformada por 101 alumnos que cursaban el 5º y el 6º año. Para realizar la comparación ha sido utilizada la versión generalizada de la prueba chi-cuadrada de McNemar. Resultados: De los 101 escolares que han participado del estudio, 48 (el 47,5%) eran del sexo femenino y 53 (el 52,5%) del sexo masculino, con edad entre 9 a 14 años. El conocimiento de los alumnos sobre enteroparasitosis después de la intervención educativa lúdica se ha incrementado significativamente. Conclusión: Las intervenciones educativas lúdicas son un excelente recurso didáctico en el contexto del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de escolares.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as intervenções educativas lúdicas no conhecimento de escolares sobre enteroparasitoses. Método: Trata-se de estudo quase-experimental, não randomizado, baseado na pré e pós-intervenção, ocorrido em escola pública de ensino fundamental de um bairro da periferia na cidade de Ribeirão Preto (SP). A população do estudo foi composta por 101 alunos que cursavam o 5º e o 6º ano. Para efetuar a comparação foi utilizada a versão generalizada do teste qui-quadrado de McNemar. Resultados: Dos 101 escolares que participaram do estudo, 48 (47,5%) eram do sexo feminino e 53 (52,5%) do sexo masculino, com idade entre 9 a 14 anos. O conhecimento dos alunos sobre enteroparasitoses após a intervenção educativa lúdica aumentou significativamente. Conclusão: As intervenções educativas lúdicas são um excelente recurso didático no contexto do processo ensino-aprendizagem de escolares.

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor mediates high fat diet-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and hypercholesterolemia.

Obesity is the major risk factor for several cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Previous studies reported that deletion of Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) protects against metabolic dysfunctions induced by high fat (HF) diet. However, the role of AT2R in obesity-induced cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. Male AT2R knockout (AT2RKO) and wild type (AT2RWT) mice were fed with control or HF diet for 10 weeks. HF diet increased cardiac expression of AT2R in obese mice. Deletion of AT2R did not affect body weight gain, glucose intolerance and fat mass gain induced by HF feeding. However, loss of AT2R prevented HF diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and cardiac remodeling. Mechanistically, we found that pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of AT2R prevented leptin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Collectively, our results suggest that AT2R is involved in obesity-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Playful educational intervention with schoolchildren on intestinal parasitosis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the playful educational interventions in the knowledge of schoolchildren about intestinal parasitosis. METHOD: This is a quasi-experimental, non-randomized study, based on pre- and post-intervention, conducted in a public elementary school in a peripheric neighborhood in the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP). The study population consisted of 101 students enrolled in the 5th and 6th grade. For comparison, we used the generalized version of the McNemar chi-squared test. RESULTS: Of the 101 schoolchildren who participated in the study, 48 (47.5%) were female and 53 (52.5%) were male, aged from 9 to 14 years. Students' knowledge on intestinal parasitic infections has increased significantly after the playful educational intervention. CONCLUSION: Playful educational interventions are an excellent didactical resource in the teaching-learning process of schoolchildren.