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1.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 48(7): 1-9, oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-212106

ABSTRACT

Introducción La prediabetes es una condición patológica donde la concentración de glucemia se presenta en valores más elevados a las concentraciones normales, pero menores a las consideradas en el diagnóstico de una diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). La condición de prediabetes hasta hace unos años se presentaba en adultos con unos factores de riesgo asociados como eran sobrepeso u obesidad, sedentarismo, malos hábitos alimenticios, problemas cardiovasculares, etc. En los últimos años se ha empezado a detectar en niños, cobrando cada vez una mayor importancia los hábitos familiares que estos niños tienen instaurados. Material y métodos En nuestro estudio se han evaluado 29 niños prediabéticos de Pedro Abad, Córdoba. para ello hemos realizado un ensayo aleatorizado cruzado con grupo de intervención (GI) y grupo de control (GC), empleando una intervención dietética con refuerzo nutricional. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue determinar si los hábitos alimentarios de niños prediabéticos mejoraban con una intervención dietética basada en una educación nutricional. Resultados A través de una evaluación nutricional mediante diferentes test y visitas realizadas a los niños, los resultados correspondientes a la primera fase del estudio, relacionan una mejora en los hábitos alimentarios y en la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea por parte de los niños intervenidos. Conclusiones Los hábitos alimentarios de los niños prediabéticos mejoran con una intervención dietética basada en una educación nutricional, ya que al proveerles del conocimiento de los distintos alimentos y del aporte de nutrientes que estos nos proporcionan, pueden hacer una mejor selección de los alimentos (AU)


Introduction Prediabetes is a pathological condition where the blood glucose concentration is higher than normal concentrations, but lower than those considered in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Until a few years ago, the prediabetes condition occurred in adults with associated risk factors such as overweight or obesity, sedentary lifestyle, poor eating habits, cardiovascular problems, etc. In recent years it has begun to be detected in children, with the family habits that these children have established becoming increasingly important. Material and methods In our study, 29 pre-diabetic children from Pedro Abad, Córdoba, have been evaluated. For this, we have carried out a randomized crossover trial with an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG), using a dietary intervention with nutritional reinforcement. The main objective of the present study was to determine if the eating habits of pre-diabetic children improved with a dietary intervention based on nutritional education. Results Through a nutritional evaluation through different tests and visits made to the children, the results corresponding to the first phase of the study, relate an improvement in eating habits and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet by the intervened children. Conclusions The eating habits of pre-diabetic children improve with a dietary intervention based on nutritional education, since by providing them with knowledge of the different foods and the contribution of nutrients that they provide us, they can make a better selection of foods (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control , Prediabetic State/diet therapy , Diet, Mediterranean , Overweight
2.
Semergen ; 48(7): 101814, 2022 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36122505

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Prediabetes is a pathological condition where the blood glucose concentration is higher than normal concentrations, but lower than those considered in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Until a few years ago, the prediabetes condition occurred in adults with associated risk factors such as overweight or obesity, sedentary lifestyle, poor eating habits, cardiovascular problems, etc. In recent years it has begun to be detected in children, with the family habits that these children have established becoming increasingly important. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In our study, 29 pre-diabetic children from Pedro Abad, Córdoba, have been evaluated. For this, we have carried out a randomized crossover trial with an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG), using a dietary intervention with nutritional reinforcement. The main objective of the present study was to determine if the eating habits of pre-diabetic children improved with a dietary intervention based on nutritional education. RESULTS: Through a nutritional evaluation through different tests and visits made to the children, the results corresponding to the first phase of the study, relate an improvement in eating habits and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet by the intervened children. CONCLUSIONS: The eating habits of pre-diabetic children improve with a dietary intervention based on nutritional education, since by providing them with knowledge of the different foods and the contribution of nutrients that they provide us, they can make a better selection of foods.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Diet, Mediterranean , Prediabetic State , Child , Adult , Humans , Prediabetic State/therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control , Blood Glucose , Overweight
3.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 21(3): 189-202, ene.-dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-97137

ABSTRACT

La ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI) es un instrumento terapéutico que puesto en manos del urgenciólogo como apoyo inicial al paciente con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) puede marcar de forma definitiva la evolución de ese cuadro clínico. Múltiples ventajas que avalan la VMNI frente a las formas invasivas de ventilación: preserva mecanismos como la tos, permiten al paciente hablar o alimentarse, sin invadir la vía aérea y evita las complicaciones que ello comporta. En los últimos años han aparecido multitud de estudios que apoyan su aplicación precoz en pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados. Tras los documentos de consenso de 2001 de la American Thoracic Society, y en 2002 de la British Thoracic Society en que consideraban la VMNI como un elemento más en el manejo inicial de la IRA, tanto hipoxémica como hipercápnica, en sus diferentes modos ventilatorios, cada vez se encuentra más extendido su uso en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios, en los equipos de emergencias, así como su aplicación domiciliaria en pacientes crónicos. En un futuro inmediato el reto es la formación de los profesionales que integran los equipos asistenciales de urgencias y emergencias, adiestrándolos en manejo de la IRA y sus bases fisiopatológicas, sin dejara un lado el desarrollo y consolidación de la cadena asistencial en ventilación no invasiva, mediante el establecimiento de documentos de consenso interservicios (AU)


Non invasive ventilation (NIV) offers the emergency physician a way to provide initial support for the patient with acute respiratory failure. Application of NIV in emergency care settings can have a decisive effect on clinical course. Clear advantages that conclusively support the use of NIV over invasive mechanical ventilation include the preservation of the cough reflex and the patient’s ability to talk and eat; further more, NIV avoids invasion of the airway, with all the associated complications that implies. Recent years have seen the publication of many studies whose results encourage the early application of NIV in appropriately selected patients. Following the appearance of the consensus statements of the American Thoracic Society in 2001 and the British Thoracic Society in 2002, in which various modes of NIV were included in the therapeutic arsenal for managing either hypoxemic or hypercapnic acute respiratory failure, NIV use has spread in hospital emergency and ambulance services. Likewise, it is being used increasingly for home treatment of patients with chronic respiratory failure. In the immediate future, the challenge will be to train emergency department staff, to equip them with essential pathophysiologic concepts and the skills formanaging acute respiratory failure, while preserving the chain of care by creating consensus on protocols to governinter departmental responsibilities (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Emergency Treatment/methods , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods
4.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. impr.) ; 34(6): 272-283, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66162

ABSTRACT

El manejo óptimo de la vía aérea y ventilación de pacientes críticos sigue siendo un pilar básico en la supervivencia, evolución y pronóstico; la intubación orotraqueal (IOT) es el gold standard en estas situaciones. Conocer la posición, lasmaniobras y el material “facilitador” de la IOT, así como realizar una oxigenación-ventilación previa y una sedorrelajación adecuadas, aumentará de forma significativa las posibilidades de éxito.Hay ocasiones en las que, aun siendo ortodoxos en la realización de la técnica, no conseguimos el fin deseado (no intubación, no ventilación), definiéndose tal situación como vía aérea difícil (VAD). Los médicos y enfermeros de Atención Primaria deben estar preparados ante tal eventualidad y disponer del material y la formación necesarios para hacer frente a este momento crítico en el manejo de pacientes graves.Basándonos en las directrices y guía clínicas de las principales sociedades científicas en el manejo de la vía aérea (Grupo Español para el Manejo de la Vía Aérea [GEMVA], Sociedad Americana de Anestesiología [ASA] y el Colegio Americano de Cirujanos), presentamos una revisión de las alternativas recomendadas, centrándonos en una somera descripción del material y una más amplia exposición de la técnica


Optimum management of the airway and ventilation incritical patients continues to be a basic cornerstone in survival, evolution and prognosis. orotracheal intubation (OTI) is the “gold standard” in these situations. Knowing the position, maneuvers and material that “facilitate” the OTI and how to perform previous adequate oxygen-ventilation and sedoanalgesia will significantly increase the possibilities ofsuccess.There are times when, although being orthodox in thetechnique performance, we do not achieve the desired purpose (no intubation, no ventilation), defining such a situation as difficult airway (DAW). Primary Health Care physicians and nurses should be prepared for this and have the necessary material and training to face this critical moment in the management of severe patients.Taking the clinical guidelines of the principal scientific societies into account in the management of the airway (Spanish Group for the Management of the Airway [GEMVA], American Society of Anesthesiology [ASA], and the American College of Surgeons), we present a review of the alternatives recommended, focusing on a brief description of the material and a more extensive presentation of the technique


Subject(s)
Humans , Airway Obstruction/therapy , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Resuscitation/methods , Airway Obstruction/complications , Laryngoscopy/methods , Masks
6.
Hipertensión (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 20(4): 183-187, mayo 2003. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-21722

ABSTRACT

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 70 años con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial (HTA), hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI) electrocardiográfica y neuralgia del trigémino, con presiones arteriales (PA) controladas. En el último año tuvo varios cambios en su tratamiento hipotensor por elevaciones paulatinas de la PA. Acude a la consulta por astenia, intolerancia al esfuerzo, decaimiento, parestesias y calambres musculares de varios meses de evolución que iban progresivamente en aumento. Tras un estudio detallado se llega a la conclusión de que se trata de síntomas atribuibles a efectos secundarios de los bloqueadores beta, unido a una hiponatremia secundaria al consumo tanto de diuréticos como de carbamazepina. Igualmente se aprecia que el "supuesto buen control tensional", no era correcto y que tras una simple automedición de PA en domicilio (AMPA) con aparato automático validado se constató de forma mantenida una variabilidad tensional con aumentos constantes de PA por la mañana. Tras los cambios correspondientes de tratamiento y un seguimiento posterior se apreció la desaparición de los síntomas y normalización de sus alteraciones iónicas (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Hyponatremia/chemically induced , Carbamazepine/adverse effects , Diuretics/adverse effects , Hypertension/drug therapy , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Follow-Up Studies , Blood Pressure Determination , Self Care
7.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 15(1): 36-48, feb. 2003. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-21579

ABSTRACT

Más del 80 por ciento de las Muertes Súbitas Cardíacas (MSC) en adultos son secundarias a episodios de Fibrilación Ventricular (FV), siendo la desfibrilación cardíaca precoz el pilar principal en su tratamiento. El retraso en la desfibrilación guarda una relación inversamente proporcional con el éxito de la misma, habiéndose comprobado que la supervivencia disminuye de un 710 por ciento por cada minuto que pasa sin realizarse. Esta necesidad de disminuir el lapso de tiempo, junto con los avances tecnológicos (cambios en el diseño de los desfibriladores y cada vez más pequeños y transportables) y el cambio de mentalidad del mundo sanitario (uso extrahospitalario de los desfibriladores por equipos de emergencias prehospitalarios) dio lugar a la salida del hospital de los desfibriladores. A pesar de estos avances, los tiempos de demora siguen siendo elevados, imperando la necesidad de acercar más aún el tratamiento (desfibrilación más precoz) al escenario donde se produce la MSC. Este fin se está consiguiendo gracias a la dotación y formación en Desfibrilación Externa Semiautomática (DESA) y a un nuevo elemento en la asistencia a las emergencias, los primeros intervinientes. En este artículo se ha plasmado el resultado de una minuciosa revisión de la literatura científica sobre la MSC y el desarrollo de la DESA como contribución para aumentar la supervivencia (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Electric Countershock/methods , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Myocardial Infarction , Emergency Medical Services , Algorithms , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/history
8.
Aten Primaria ; 27(4): 234-43, 2001 Mar 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11262332

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess reliability in terms of inter-observer agreement of blood pressure (BP) readings. Various health professionals and measuring systems. Influence of observer's experience. DESIGN: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Urban health centre, Córdoba. PARTICIPANTS: 131 hypertensive, randomised patients, belonging to a functional care unit. 11 were excluded. MEASUREMENTS: To reduce variability: course on the right way to take blood pressure, otoscope and verification of visual sharpness of observers, calibration and validation of measuring devices, limited time and blinding of measurements. 4 BP measurements per patient: 3 with mercury sphygmomanometer (2 simultaneously, one individual) and one with an automatic device. Descriptive, clinical and somatometric variables were gathered. Inter-observer agreement was evaluated through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the mean of differences method (MDM) and the simple concordance index (CI). An ICC > 0.75 was thought acceptable. A difference > 5 mmHg was thought clinically relevant (MDM and CI). MAIN RESULTS: Acceptable consistency for MDM: alone, systolic and diastolic pressure of OBS 1/ OBS 2, bi-auricular, -6.1/+8.9 mmHg and -6.8/+5.8 mmHg. Less favourable results: for systolic and diastolic pressure: OBS 1/AUTO -20.9/25.0 and -16.4/15.1; OBS 2/AUTO -22.8/24.4 and -16.6/15.2. Remaining intervals always > 10 mmHg; CI > 0.75 in all comparisons except diastolic pressure OBS 1/AUTO and diastolic pressure OBS 2/AUTO (0.69 in both cases). 41% of comparisons were > 5 mmHg. No differences in less expert professionals were found. CONCLUSIONS: Inaccuracy of the standard BP measurement method (mercury sphygmomanometer) for MDM and CI. Contradictory conclusions according to method of measurement. Differences not clinically acceptable.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure Determination/instrumentation , Blood Pressure Determination/statistics & numerical data , Sphygmomanometers , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Personnel , Humans , Male , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results
9.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 27(4): 234-243, mar. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-2200

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Valorar fiabilidad en términos de concordancia interobservador de las tomas de presión arterial (PA). Varios profesionales sanitarios y sistemas de medición. Influencia de la experiencia del observador. Diseño. Estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento. Centro de salud urbano, Córdoba. Participantes. Un total de 131 pacientes hipertensos, aleatorizados, pertenecientes a una unidad de atención funcional; se excluyó a 11. Mediciones. Para disminuir variabilidad: curso sobre la toma correcta de la PA, otoscopia y comprobación de agudeza visual de los observadores, calibración y validación de aparatos de medida, tiempo limitado y cegamiento de medidas. Se realizaron 4 mediciones de PA por paciente, tres con esfigmomanómetro de mercurio (EMM) (dos simultáneas, una individual) y una con aparato automático. Se recogieron variables descriptivas, clínicas y somatométricas. La concordancia interobservador se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI), método de la media de las diferencias (MMD) e índice de concordancia simple (ICS). Un CCI > de 0,75 se consideró aceptable. Una diferencia > 5 mmHg se consideró relevante clínicamente (MMD e ICS).Resultados principales. Acuerdo aceptable para el MMD: sólo, PAS y PAD de OBS-1/OBS-2, biauricular, (-6,1/+ 8,9 mmHg ) y (-6,8/+ 5,8 mmHg ). Resultados más desfavorables: para TAS y TAD: OBS-1/AUTO -20,9/25,0 y -16,4/15,1; OBS-2/AUTO -22,8/24,4 y -16,6/15,2. Resto de intervalos siempre > 10 mmHg; CCI > 0,75 en todas las comparaciones, excepto PAD OBS-1/AUTO y PAD OBS-2/AUTO (0,69 para ambos). Un 41 por ciento de comparaciones > 5 mmHg. Sin diferencias en profesional menos experto. Conclusiones. Inexactitud del método de medida de PA de referencia (EMM) para MMD e ICS. Conclusiones contradictorias según método de medida. Diferencias no aceptables clínicamente (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Male , Female , Humans , Sphygmomanometers , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Prevalence , Reproducibility of Results , Observer Variation , Blood Pressure Determination , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hypertension , Health Personnel
10.
Aten Primaria ; 20(1): 3-11, 1997 Jun 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9303659

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional status (FS) of the over-60 population in our city, relating it to various social, demographic and health factors. DESIGN: A descriptive, crossover study. SETTING: City of Córdoba. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 1,103 subjects was obtained by systematic sampling of the non-institutionalised population over 60 years old (N = 49,674), using the latest update of the 1991 census. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Application of the OARS-MFAQ-VE multidimensional questionnaire using a face-to-face home interview. We analysed 14 items from the part of the questionnaire assessing FS. Subjects were classified into three groups. 7.6% (25.0-30.3) needed help to perform at least one AS and 15.9% (13.8-18.2) were unable to perform at least one. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a description of the functional status of the elderly, which for the most part is excellent. Various social and health factors linked to functional incapacity were identified.


Subject(s)
Frail Elderly/statistics & numerical data , Health Services for the Aged , Health Status Indicators , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chi-Square Distribution , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Logistic Models , Middle Aged , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
11.
Aten Primaria ; 20(8): 425-34, 1997 Nov 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9462937

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the health status of a population over 60 years and to study their relationship with several socio-demographic variables. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study, population based. SETTINGS: A community. PARTICIPANTS: A randomized sample of 1,103 non institutionalized people over 60 years living in the city of Cordoba (Spain). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: By mean of a personal interview at home we used the OARS-MFAQ-VE questionnaire. Low self-rated health was associated with the age, to be female sex, a low cultural background, and a low income. Only 5.2% of the study people do not suffered any illness and 56% state that their health problems are major problems for doing their current activities. 4.9% declared to have some degree of physical incapacity. 3.7% of elderly population has an important cognitive deficit. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of elderly people has good health. Age is related with a poor health. Women have more health problems than men.


Subject(s)
Aged , Health Status , Age Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Education , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Middle Aged , Random Allocation , Sampling Studies , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires
12.
Aten Primaria ; 20(7): 345-53, 1997 Oct 31.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9432215

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the prevalence of cognitive deterioration (CD) in the over-60s of the city of Córdoba not in institutions and to evaluate its relationship with social, demographic and health variables. DESIGN: A crossover study of prevalence. SETTING: The city of Córdoba. PARTICIPANTS: Population over 60 years old living at home (N = 49,674), from which a sample of 1,103 people was extracted. INTERVENTIONS: The Spanish-language version of the multidimensional OARS-MFAQ questionnaire was filled in. This included the Pfeiffer cognitive evaluation test. RESULTS: Reply rate was 86.8%. 3.7% had possible moderate-severe CD. People with CD also used more services (basically to help with DA) and had a perception of needing more services which they were not receiving at present. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of possible cognitive deterioration in the population under analysis is similar to that found in other studies in our country. They confirm that age and lack of schooling are the factors most closely linked to this deterioration.


Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Dementia/epidemiology , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Over Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Education , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Status Schedule , Middle Aged , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Population
15.
Aten Primaria ; 11(8): 393-4, 396, 398-9, 1993 May 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8494959

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify people with alcohol-related problems and assess the variable socio-demographic indicators of the population under study. DESIGN: Crossover and observational study. SETTING: The "Occidente" Basic Health Area in Córdoba. PARTICIPANTS: A representative sample of those people over 15 registered in the Health Area mentioned above. (Systematic random sampling: n = 384). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 72% of those interviewed stated that they had consumed some kind of alcoholic drink during the previous year. 35% did so at least once a week. 6.2% +/- 2.35 showed positive on the CAGE Test, most of these being: male (p < 0.001), living in a deprived area (p < 0.01), people in work (p < 0.001) and smokers (p < 0.001). Those testing CAGE (+) included a higher number of people with: hepatitis, cirrhosis, diarrhea and gastritis, although their use of health services was no different from that of the population as a whole. Logistic regression analysis enabled us to establish variable indicators of the CAGE Test (+). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol-related problems were identified basically in a typical population group. It is important to set up intervention mechanisms to tackle the problem.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Regression Analysis , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires
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