ABSTRACT
Anna Freud é classicamente reconhecida, na história da psicanálise como a filha de Freud que analisou O ego e os mecanismos de defesa, responsável por contribuir com a perspectiva teórico-clínica denominada psicologia do ego. No entanto, pouca atenção foi dada (e ela foi mesmo negligenciada) ao restante de sua obra, especialmente no que se refere ao imenso trabalho de consolidação da teoria do desenvolvimento da sexualidade como uma teoria plena do desenvolvimento. Neste artigo, elencamos alguns pontos da obra da autora que vão muito além daquilo que ela propõe sobre os mecanismos de defesa, incluindo aqui sua contribuição à teoria psicanalítica do desenvolvimento, bem como suas ideias a respeito de questões mais gerais como a posição da psicanálise no meio científico, o uso da observação direta como método de investigação na psicanálise, seu pioneirismo na construção de um instrumento de avaliação e diagnóstico com base psicanalítica, o uso da psicanálise como método de prevenção e suas observações a respeito do desenvolvimento perturbado ou interrompido(AU)
Anna Freud is classically recognized, in the history of psychoanalysis, as the daughter of Freud who analyzed The Ego and the Defense Mechanisms, who was responsible for contributions to a theoretical-clinical perspective called ego psychology. But, little attention was paid (and she was even neglected) to the rest of her work, especially with regard to the immense work of consolidating of the sexuality development theory as a full theory of development. In this article, we list some points of the author's work that go far beyond what she proposes about defense mechanisms, including her contribution to the psychoanalytic theory of development, as well as her ideas on more general issues such as the position of psychoanalysis as a science, the use of direct observation as a method of investigation in psychoanalysis, her pioneering spirit in the construction of an instrument of assessment and diagnosis based on psychoanalysis, the use of psychoanalysis as a method of prevention and her observations regarding disturbed or interrupted development(AU)
ABSTRACT
The aim of our study was to assess psychotic-like experiences in the general population aged 18-30 years old of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A household survey was conducted with 1950 young-adults randomly drawn from the city's general population. The validated 92-item Portuguese version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) was used for face-to-face interviews. Latent class analysis was conducted. Mean age was of 24 years; 51.1% of the sample was of women. Mean total score on the PQ was 22.06 (SD=17.16). Considering a suggested cut-off of 14 in the positive subscale, 30.8% of individuals were above the threshold for ultra-high risk for psychosis detection. Latent class analysis resulted in a three classes clusterization. Class 1 (20%; n=390) had the highest overall PQ scores (mean=49.31,SD=10.783), class 2 (43%; n=835) had intermediate scores (mean=23.37,SD=6.56), and class 3 (37%; n=721) had the lowest scores (mean=5.81,SD=3.74). Class 1 had significantly more individuals with less education and significantly more individuals with lower socioeconomic class. Poverty and low education might be associated with the psychotic expression in the general population, amplifying their actions on the psychosis gradient in developing countries. The psychosis continuum might be constituted by three distinct quantitatively different classes.
