Executive functions and emotion regulation in substance use disorder / Funções executivas e regulação emocional no transtorno por uso de substâncias

OBJECTIVE: The executive functions (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) and their relationship with the substance use disorder (SUD) were analyzed. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 130 volunteers divided into three groups: group 01 (n = 60), composed of participants who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for any type of SUD; group 02 (n = 51), with users with alcohol and/ or tobacco use disorder; group 03 (n = 19), with users with multiple substance use disorder, including at least one illicit substance. RESULTS: Group 02 presented worse performance in EF and ER when compared to group 01, and showed a significant correlation between the working memory and the use of maladaptive ER. Group 03 showed great losses in EF and ER when compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: This study supports the idea that EF, ER and SUD are related. In addition, it was observed that people with SUD had worse performance in EF and ER when compared to people without SUD, greater damage being observed in people with SUD of polysubstances.

OBJETIVO: Analisaram-se as funções executivas (FE) e a regulação emocional (RE) e a sua relação com o transtorno por uso de substâncias (TUS). MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se um delineamento transversal. A amostra foi composta por 130 voluntários, divididos em três grupos: grupo 01 (n = 60), composto pelos participantes que não preenchiam os critérios diagnósticos para nenhum tipo de TUS; grupo 02 (n = 51), com os entrevistados com TUS de álcool e/ou cigarro; grupo 03 (n = 19), com os voluntários com TUS de polissubstâncias, incluindo pelo menos uma substância ilícita. RESULTADOS: O grupo 02 apresentou pior desempenho nas FE e na RE, quando comparado ao grupo 01, e exibiu uma correlação significativa entre a memória de trabalho e o uso de RE desadaptativa. O grupo 03 apresentou maior prejuízo nas FE e na RE, quando comparado aos demais grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo apoia a ideia de que as FE, a RE e o TUS estão relacionados. Além disso, observou-se que as pessoas com TUS apresentaram pior desempenho nas FE e na RE, quando comparadas com as pessoas sem o TUS, sendo as com TUS de polissubstâncias com maior prejuízo.

Nursing Staff Members Mental's Health and Factors Associated with the Work Process: An Integrative Review.

BACKGROUND: The mental health of nursing staff members influences the work process outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Identify the work related factors that harms the nursing team's mental health. METHODS: Databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and MEDLINE, by mating between the indexed descriptors in MeSH terms "mental health" and "occupational health nursing". 783 articles were rescued to give a final sample of 18 articles. Integrative review in order to identify factors associated with the work process of the nursing staff that negatively affects mental health. RESULTS: The main associated factors were work demands, psychological demands, violence, aggression, poor relationships with administrators, accidents involving the risk of exposure to HIV, stress and errors in the execution of labor activities. The main findings regarding the nursing staff's mental health were post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, stress, major depressive episode and generalized anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: Occupational nurses need to understand the complexities of mental health problems and substance use among nursing staff members to recognize, identify and care for workers at risk and offer adequate mental health care. Although the researches interests in this theme have increased, proving that all these factors contribute to the risk to mental health of nursing professionals, the protective measures and care are being neglected by managers in both private and public network . The health of nursing workers in question here is one more challenge for a profession that takes care of others in need, therefore, requires some caring with their own health.

Presence of dual diagnosis between users and non-users of licit and illicit drugs in Brazil / Presença de diagnóstico duplo entre usuários e não usuários de drogas lícitas e ilícitas no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective Investigate the occurrence of dual diagnosis in users of legal and illegal drugs. Methods It is an analytical, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, non-probabilistic intentional sampling, carried out in two centers for drug addiction treatment, by means of individual interviews. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) were used. Results One hundred and ten volunteers divided into abstinent users (group 1), alcoholics (group 2) and users of alcohol and illicit drugs (group 3). The substances were alcohol, tobacco, crack and marijuana. A higher presence of dual diagnosis in group 3 (71.8%) was observed, which decreased in group 2 (60%) and 37.1% of drug abstinent users had psychiatric disorder. Dual diagnosis was associated with the risk of suicide, suicide attempts and the practice of infractions. The crack consumption was associated with the occurrence of major depressive episode and antisocial personality disorder. Conclusion It was concluded that the illicit drug users had a higher presence of dual diagnosis showing the severity of this clinical condition. It is considered essential that this clinical reality is included in intervention strategies in order to decrease the negative effects of consumption of these substances and provide better quality of life for these people.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a ocorrência do diagnóstico duplo entre os usuários de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. Métodos Estudo analítico, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, amostragem não probabilística do tipo intencional, realizado em dois centros de tratamento para a dependência química, por meio de entrevista individual. Utilizaram-se um questionário sociodemográfico, o Teste de Triagem do Envolvimento com Álcool, Tabaco e Outras Substâncias (ASSIST) e o Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Resultados Cento e dez voluntários divididos em abstinentes (grupo 1), alcoolistas (grupo 2) e usuários de álcool e drogas ilícitas (grupo 3). As substâncias mais consumidas foram álcool, tabaco, crack e maconha. Observou-se maior presença de diagnóstico duplo no grupo 3 (71,8%), decrescendo no grupo 2 (60%) e 37,1% dos abstinentes de drogas apresentaram transtorno psiquiátrico. O diagnóstico duplo foi associado a risco de suicídio, tentativas de suicídio e prática de atos infracionais. O consumo do crack foi associado à ocorrência do episódio depressivo maior e ao transtorno de personalidade antissocial. Conclusão Os usuários de drogas ilícitas apresentaram maior presença do diagnóstico duplo, evidenciando a gravidade desse quadro clínico. Considera-se imprescindível que essa realidade clínica seja incluída nas estratégias de intervenção, com o intuito de minimizar os prejuízos decorrentes do consumo dessas substâncias e proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida a essas pessoas.

A conceitualização cognitiva no Transtorno Obsessivo Compulsivo: relato de caso / The cognitive conceptualization in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: a case report

Este artigo apresenta o estudo do caso de uma paciente, sexo feminino, 27 anos de idade, universitária, portadora de Transtorno Obsessivo Compulsivo (TOC), com apresentação de rituais de limpeza. A paciente fazia uso de Rivotril e Fluoxetina. O acompanhamento psicológico foi norteado pelos pressupostos teóricos da abordagem terapêutica cognitivo comportamental, com ênfase na conceitualização cognitiva como auxiliar na verificação e análise dos pensamentos automáticos, na técnica de exposição e prevenção de respostas e reestruturação cognitiva. O objetivo foi descrever a importância da elaboração da conceitualização de forma contínua no TOC, como requisito necessário para o trabalho produtivo pela díade terapeuta- paciente e na compreensão de problemas durante o tratamento. Foram necessários sete meses de intervenções para a remissão do ritual de limpeza, bem como o desmame medicamentoso realizado pelo psiquiatra. De acordo com os relatos da paciente, a frequência de pensamentos obsessivos diminuiu consideravelmente, e a crença irracional de contaminação foi desconfirmada(AU)

The current article presents a case study of a 27 years old female patient, undergraduate, who has Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), which involves cleansing rituals. The patient was taking Rivotril and Fluoxetine. The psychological care was guided by the theoretical principles of Cognitive behavioral therapy approach, with emphasis on cognitive conceptualization as assisting in verification and analysis of automatic thoughts, in the exposure technique and response prevention and cognitive restructuring. The purpose was to describe the importance of developing the conceptualization continuously in OCD, as a necessary requirement for the work produced by the therapist-patient dyad and understanding problems during treatment. It took seven months of operations for the remission of ritual cleansing, as well as drug withdrawal by the psychiatrist. According to the patient's reports, the occurrence of obsessive thoughts decreased considerably, and the irrational belief contamination was discredited(AU)