Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward the COVID-19 infection among adults Iran: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Coronavirus illness (COVID-19) has spread globally and is affecting everyone severely. The evaluation of educational needs (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) is important in controlling COVID-19 situations. The goal of this study is to find out what adults in Ardabil City know, how they feel, and what they do about the COVID-19 infection. Methods: In November 2021, a cross-sectional descriptive-correlational survey of 384 people was conducted using stratified-cluster sampling in Ardabil. The researchers created a self-reported questionnaire with 23 items as the data collection technique. The quantitative data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, the correlation coefficient, and regression analysis. Results: The correct answer rate for this research found that 73.17% of participants (n = 281) had appropriate knowledge, 61.19% (n = 235) had favorable attitudes, and 69.53% (n = 267) had enough practice behavior. However, knowledge was related to gender, employment, and location of residence. Age, marital status, education level, and location of residence were all connected with attitude. Age, gender, and marital status were all related to the behavior. The findings of linear regression analysis revealed that knowledge and attitude influence behavior. Conclusion: The study findings revealed a high degree of understanding of COVID-19, a positive attitude, and a strong commitment to good practices. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were influenced to varying degrees by age, marital status, education level, employment, and location of residence. Furthermore, knowledge and attitudes influenced behaviors.

The effect of Crocin on sperm parameters disorders induced by peripheral administration of nitrosamines in male rats.

Nitrosamines are carcinogenic agents which can unfavorably affect some male reproductive parameters. Humans are exposed to nitrosamines through various routes, the most important of which is the diet. Crocin is a carotenoid and is accountable for the red color of saffron. Crocin has numerous pharmacological actions, such as antioxidant roles and radical scavenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Crocin against Nitrosamine - induced damage to the reproductive parameter of male rats. In this experimental study, 48 male rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups: control normal and Nitrosamine control groups (40 mg/kg); Crocin (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) and Nitrosamine + Crocin (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg). Treatments were administered intraperitoneally and gavaged daily for 28 days. The sperm parameters, total antioxidant capacity, testosterone level, and seminiferous tube diameter were assessed. Nitrosamine significantly decreased sperm parameters (p<0.001). The Crocin and Crocin + Nitrosamine treatments at complete doses significantly improved all parameters (p<0.001). Crocin compensated for the toxic effect of Nitrosamine on reproductive parameters.

A study of cardiopulmonary resuscitation literacy among the personnel of universities of medical sciences based in Kermanshah and Khuzestan provinces based on the latest 2015 cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is regarded as the most important skill of the medical staff who is required to be aware of the latest changes to the CPR guidelines so that they can take the most effective actions in the critical conditions of CPR. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the levels of CPR literacy among the personnel of universities of medical sciences based in Kermanshah and Khuzestan provinces based on the latest 2015 CPR guidelines in 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study, 525 subjects were selected as the sample population using the two-stage cluster sampling. For data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, whose content validity and reliability were confirmed (r = 0.71). The study screened the data received and analyzed valid data set through the ttest and Spearman's correlation coefficient by incorporating SPSS Statistics software version 23.0. In addition, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The 2015 CPR literacy levels of the samples were as follows: excellent (85 subjects or 16.2%), good (404 subjects or 77%), and average (36 subjects or 6.9%). The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a weak and inverse relationship between the levels of CPR literacy and the age of samples (r = -0.092) and work experience (-0.029), which were statistically significant. In addition, the results of Mann-Whitney U-test demonstrated that the level of CPR literacy among the personnel of Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences exceeded that among the personnel of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that in retraining the nursing and paramedical personnel, CPR be carried out with more emphasis on the changes introduced in this guideline compared to that in 2010, including esophageal tracheal airway, reasons for the cessation of CPR, intraosseous infusion, and induced hypothermia.

Investigating high blood pressure, type-2 diabetes, dislipidemia, and body mass index to determine the health status of people over 30 years.

INTRODUCTION: Over the past decades, the pattern of diseases in human societies had changed from infectious diseases to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and according to the report by the World Health Organization, the highest burden of disease is attributed to NCDs. The study was conducted to determine the status of hypertension, type-2 diabetes, lipid disorders, and body mass index (BMI) among the patients aged over 30 years admitted to health centers of Karaj, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the population included 2947 men and women aged 30 years and above admitted to six health-care centers in Karaj. The questionnaire includes demographic characteristics and had the questions on hypertension, diabetes and their risk factors, like lipid disorders and BMI was administered. The data were analyzed in SPSS, version 23, software using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and analytical (Chi-square and analysis of variance) tests (P < 0.01). RESULTS: About 10% of the participants had diabetes and 15% of the participants had hypertension. About 32% of the participants had dyslipidemia and 87% of the participants were overweight or obese and over 35% were obese. Furthermore, with the increase in BMI, the prevalence of lipid disorder, hypertension, and type-2 diabetes increased in the studied population (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: According to the results, a high percentage of people had hypertension, type-2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and BMI in the population. Gender segregation showed that lipid disorders, overweight, and obesity in women were more than in men and percentage of people with hypertension among male were significantly higher than in females. In the case of type-2 diabetes, the results showed no statistically significant differences between men and women. The results may be helpful in developing educational strategies and prevention and control of these diseases.