Innovative Burn Treatment Using Tilapia Skin as a Xenograft: A Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial.

Skin substitutes are considered a useful alternative for occlusive dressings in the treatment of superficial burns as they reduce the frequency of dressing replacement. This phase II randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin as an occlusive xenograft dressing for the treatment of burn wounds in humans. In order to assess the use of tilapia skin, the following variables were evaluated: number of days for wound healing, the number of times the occlusive dressing was changed, use of anesthetics or analgesics, pain assessment using the Visual Analogue Scale, and evaluation of burn improvement on the day of dressing removal. In total, 62 participants completed the study. It was found that in participants treated with tilapia skin, complete reepithelialization occurred in significantly fewer days; reported pain intensity was lower (study arms B and C), the amount of anesthetics/analgesics required was lower (study arms B and C), and the necessity of dressing changes was significantly reduced in comparison with volunteers treated with silver sulfadiazine. In our study, the tilapia skin xenograft showed good efficacy as an occlusive biological dressing for burn wound treatment in humans.

Pediatric Burn Treatment Using Tilapia Skin as a Xenograft for Superficial Partial-Thickness Wounds: A Pilot Study.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Nile tilapia skin as a xenograft for the treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds in children. This is an open-label, monocentric, randomized phase II pilot study conducted in Fortaleza, Brazil. The study population consisted of 30 children between the ages of 2 and 12 years with superficial "partial-thickness" burns admitted less than 72 hours from the thermal injury. In the test group, the tilapia skin was applied. In the control group, a thin layer of silver sulfadiazine cream 1% was applied. Tilapia skin showed good adherence to the wound bed, reducing the number of dressing changes required, the amount of anesthetics used, and providing benefits for the patients and also for healthcare professionals, by reducing the overall work load. The number of days to complete burn wound healing, the total amount of analgesics required throughout the treatment, burn improvement on the day of dressing removal, and pain throughout the treatment were similar to the conventional treatment with silver sulfadiazine. Thus, tilapia skin can be considered an effective and low-cost extra resource in the therapeutic arsenal of pediatric superficial partial thickness burns.

Evaluation of Photographic Variables in Patients with Indication for Facial Rejuvenation.

BACKGROUND: Photography standardization is paramount for appropriate critical analysis of aesthetic surgery outcomes. Therefore, the authors designed a study to evaluate the influence of different variables in photos of patients with indications for undergoing facial rejuvenation. METHODS: This blinded prospective study was conducted by the Section of Plastic Surgery in the Hospital das Clínicas at the Federal University of Paraná. In the study, 29 patients had their photos taken in two separate settings. Photo 1, termed "preoperative" (Pre), was obtained according to the same pattern for all patients. Photo 2, termed "postoperative" (Post), was acquired on the same day using different variables to manipulate the photo outcome. No surgery was actually performed. Both photos (Pre and Post) were sent to five experienced Brazilian plastic surgeons, who provided a score for photo 2 that varied from -10 to +10 compared with photo 1. RESULTS: The photos were examined by 119 plastic surgeons. No significant improvement was observed in most of the groups, except for the group that used a flash for the Post photography (p = 0.035). Almost half of the scores (45.37 %) were above zero. The highest score was found to be ten for two photographs of the makeup group. A score of zero was assigned to 54.62 % of the photos, which means no changes occurred between the Pre and Post photos. CONCLUSION: Inadequate photographic technique can change assessments of photos in a meaningful way. All the factors evaluated had a positive impact, but the only statistically significant variable was the use of a flash in the Post group. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Beyond Fifty Years of Millard's Rotation-Advancement Technique in Cleft Lip Closure: Are There Many "Millards"?

In 1955, Millard developed the concept of rotation-advancement flap to treat cleft lip. Almost 6 decades later, it remains the most popular technique worldwide. Since the technique evolved and Millard published many technical variations, we decided to ask 10 experienced cleft surgeons how they would mark Millard's 7 points in two unilateral cleft lip patient photos and compared the results. In both pictures, points 1 and 2 were marked identically among surgeons. Points 3 were located adjacent to each other, but not coincident, and the largest distances between points 3 were 4.95 mm and 4.03 mm on pictures 1 and 2, respectively. Similar patterns were obtained for points 4, eight of them were adjacent, and the greatest distance between the points was 4.39 mm. Points 5 had the most divergence between the points among evaluators, which were responsible for the different shapes of the C-flap. Points 6 also had dissimilar markings, and such difference accounts for varying resection areas among evaluators. The largest distances observed were 11.66 mm and 7 mm on pictures 1 and 2, respectively. In summary, much has changed since Millard's initial procedure, but his basic principles have survived the inexorable test of time, proving that his idea has found place among the greatest concepts of modern plastic surgery.

Weight Gain in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate without Use of Palatal Plates.

Goals/Background. To evaluate children's growth in the first year of life, who have cleft palate and lip, without the use of palatal plates. Materials/Method. Chart review was conducted, retrospectively, in the Center for Integral Assistance of Cleft Lip and Palate (CAIF), in Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. Results for both genders were compared to the data published by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding average weight gain in children during their first year of life. Results. Patients with syndromic diagnosis and with cleft classified as preforamen were excluded, resulting in a final number of 112 patients: 56 male and 56 female. Similar patterns were seen comparing the two genders. Although it was observed weight gain below the average until the 11th month in male patients and until 9 months in female patients, both genders remained at the 50th percentile (p50) and improved after the 4th month of age for boys and the 9th month of age for girls. Conclusion. Children with cleft palate weigh less than regular children during their first months of life. At the end of the first year, weight gain is similar comparing normal and affected children. However, factors that optimized weight gain included choosing the best treatment for each case, proper guidance, and multiprofessional integrated care.

Revascularização miocárdica com enxerto composto de artéria torácica interna esquerda em Y: análise de fluxo sangüíneo / Myocardial revascularization surgery using composite Y-graft of the left internal thoracic artery: blood flow analysis

OBJETIVO: Verificar o comportamento do fluxo sangüíneo na artéria torácica interna esquerda (ATIE), quando utilizada para revascularizar a artéria interventricular anterior (AIA) e mais um ramo do sistema coronariano esquerdo (SCE). MÉTODO: No presente estudo, compara-se o fluxo obtido pela ecocardiografia Doppler na ATIE, em repouso e sob estresse com dobutamina, em dois grupos de 20 pacientes cada. No grupo A, foi utilizado enxerto pediculado de ATIE anastomosada unicamente à AIA. No grupo B, a ATIE revasculariza a AIA, e um enxerto de veia safena magna, anastomosado em "Y" à ATIE, revasculariza outro ramo do SCE. O estudo angiográfico demonstrou patência de todos os enxertos em ambos os grupos. Na avaliação pela ecocardiografia Doppler foram realizadas as seguintes medidas: débitos sistólico (DS), diastólico e total, razão entre o débito total em estresse pelo débito total em repouso (DTE/DTR), velocidades de pico sistólico (VPS) e diastólico e razão entre essas velocidades. RESULTADOS: Todos os parâmetros analisados apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa, com exceção do DS, DTE/DTR e VPS. CONCLUSAO: Nas condições e métodos usados neste estudo, pode-se inferir que o fluxo sangüíneo na ATIE no enxerto composto (Grupo B) é maior que no enxerto simples (Grupo A), o que demonstra a grande capacidade da ATIE em adaptar-se à demanda de fluxo.