Dose-response relationship of high-intensity training on global cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis - the ACHIEVE-Study.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subsequent progression to dementia has increased progression to dementia has increased worldwide, making it a topic of interest. of interest, and it has been observed that approximately 23% of cases are avoidable through preventable through vigorous exercise. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted by searching in the PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases. For inclusion, studies had to incorporate High Intensity Training (HIT) as a primary or significant component of the overall intervention for older adults with MCI. Out of the 611 articles identified, 14 randomized clinical trials met the criteria for inclusion in the review. RESULTS: Fourteen trials were included in the systematic review, and seven were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 1839 participants were included in the studies, with 1014 receiving a high-intensity training-based intervention, and 998 were considered in the meta-analysis. Compared to usual care or sedentary activities, the high-intensity training interventions had a positive effect on cognition, either improving it or delaying the decline (g = 0.710 (95% CI: 0.191 - 1.229; p = 0.007). Additionally, the meta-analysis determined that a frequency of 3 sessions per week (g = 0.964, CI = 0.091 - 1.837, p = 0.030) of approximately 60 minutes (g = 0.756, CI = 0.052 - 1.460, p = 0.035) each was the best dose to obtain better effects on global cognition. CONCLUSION: Low-frequency and short-duration high-intensity training interventions are sufficient to improve or at least delay the decline in global cognition.

Effects of High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) on the Functional Capacity, Frailty, and Physical Condition of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Physical exercise has been established as an intervention in the integral approach for the physical, functional, and social health of older adults. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a high-intensity functional training (HIFT) program on the physical condition and functional capacity of an elderly Colombian population with mild cognitive impairment. This research corresponds to a blind randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 169 men and women aged over 65 years were evaluated and distributed in two groups: the experimental group that received a 12-week HIFT intervention (n = 82) and the control group (n = 87) that received general recommendations on the benefits of physical exercise. The outcome variables included physical condition, assessed using the Senior Fitness battery (SNB); Fried's frailty phenotype was applied, and gait and balance were assessed using the Tinetti scale. For the functional variables, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and advanced activities of daily living were evaluated. All variables were measured pre- and post-intervention. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the IG for gait stability and balance (p < 0.001), as well as for independence in activities of daily living (p = 0.003), and instrumental and advanced activities (p < 0.001). Likewise, greater functionality was found when assessed with the SNB (p < 0.001), except for upper limb strength. The frailty classification did not show changes post-intervention (p = 0.170) nor in the group x time interaction. MANCOVA analysis showed that regardless of gender, health level, age, BMI, cognition, and health level, the HIFT intervention produced better results in functional capacity, balance, and gait (F = 0.173, p < 0.001, Wilks' λ = 88.231).

Effects of Myofascial Release Using Finding-Oriented Manual Therapy Combined with Foam Roller on Physical Performance in University Athletes. A Randomized Controlled Study.

Sport is a science of constant reinvention that is always searching for strategies to improve performance. Objective: This study seeks to compare the effects of myofascial release with Findings-Oriented Orthopedic Manual Therapy (OMT) combined with Foam Roller (FR), versus FR by itself, on the physical performance of university athletes. A randomized controlled study was conducted with a total of twenty-nine university athletes, measuring Range of Motion (ROM), jump height and flight time, strength and dynamic flexibility using Goniometer pro, CMJ protocol in OptoGait, 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) and Mean Propulsive Velocity (MPV) and the Sit and Reach (V) test, correspondingly. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov prior to the initial measurement of the participants under the code NCT05347303. Through a univariate analysis, together with an analysis of independent groups with ANOVA and an analysis of covariance, it was evidenced that OMT combined with FR generated more and better effects in all the evaluated ROM, jump height and flight time, RM and VMP tests. Finally, it was found that OMT combined with FR is better when it is desired to improve ROM, muscle power, strength and flexibility, while FR alone only improves dynamic flexibility.

Rhythmic Physical Activity and Global Cognition in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.

Growing evidence suggests that rhythmic physical activity (PA) improves cognitive function in both persons with normal brain aging and with cognitive impairment. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of rhythmic PA over global cognition in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment. Different keywords related to the topic and Boolean operators were used in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. A total of 11 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed; all of them assessed global cognition using either the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) or the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Five studies showed beneficial effects over global cognition. All studies had at least one experimental group with rhythmic training, and the interventions evidenced a great diversity of rhythmic stimuli, as well as a varied frequency, duration and type of activities. The heterogeneity of the protocols could be the reason for the mixed findings. Future studies with more precise exercise prescriptions are needed to establish whether rhythmic PA has beneficial effects on global cognition.

Comparative Performance of High-Yielding European Wheat Cultivars Under Contrasting Mediterranean Conditions.

Understanding the interaction between genotype performance and the target environment is the key to improving genetic gain, particularly in the context of climate change. Wheat production is seriously compromised in agricultural regions affected by water and heat stress, such as the Mediterranean basin. Moreover, wheat production may be also limited by the nitrogen availability in the soil. We have sought to dissect the agronomic and physiological traits related to the performance of 12 high-yield European bread wheat varieties under Mediterranean rainfed conditions and different levels of N fertilization during two contrasting crop seasons. Grain yield was more than two times higher in the first season than the second season and was associated with much greater rainfall and lower temperatures. However, the nitrogen effect was rather minor. Genotypic effects existed for the two seasons. While several of the varieties from central/northern Europe yielded more than those from southern Europe during the optimal season, the opposite trend occurred in the dry season. The varieties from central/northern Europe were associated with delayed phenology and a longer crop cycle, while the varieties from southern Europe were characterized by a shorter crop cycle but comparatively higher duration of the reproductive period, associated with an earlier beginning of stem elongation and a greater number of ears per area. However, some of the cultivars from northern Europe maintained a relatively high yield capacity in both seasons. Thus, KWS Siskin from the UK exhibited intermediate phenology, resulting in a relatively long reproductive period, together with a high green area throughout the crop cycle.

Densitometría bifotónica en recién nacidos de término / Dual photon absorptiometry in term newborns

Background: There is scanty information about bone mineral density in newborns. Normal values are needed to assess the effects of diseases and drugs used during the neonatal period. Aim: To assess bone mineral density in normal newborns. Patients and methods: Total body bone mineral density was measured in 16 newborns with 39 ñ 1.2 weeks of gestational age, using a Norland dual photon densitometer. Results: The mean weight of newborns was 3.366 ñ 325 g. Bone mineral content was 58.3 ñ 10.8 g and bone mineral density was 0.369 ñ 9.6 g/cm2. Results: The availability of normal bone mineral content values in newborns will be useful for the assessment of conditions that affect bone mineralisation

Acidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga en eritrocitos de prematuros alimentados por vía enteral con leche humana de pretérmino o con una fórmula convencional / Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocytes of preterm babies enterally feed with maternal milk or with a convencional formula

Objetivo: estudiar el efecto de alimentar prematuros sanos con peso adecuado para la edad gestacional (RNPrT-AEG) con una fórmula convencional (FC) que no aporta ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga o con leche humana de pretérmino (CMPrT), sobre el contenido de ácidos grasos de cadena larga en los fosfolípidos de sus eritrocitos al tercer día de vida. Método: se comparó la composición porcentual de los ácidos grasos saturados, monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados, de la fracción fosfolípidica de eritrocitos, en RNPrT-AEG en sangre de cordón y al tercer día de vida, después de ser alimentados por vía enteral con FC o CMPrT. Así mismo se compararon los resultados con los obtenidos en recién nacidos de término (RNT) alimentados con leche humana de término (CMT). Resultados: tanto los RNPrT-AEG alimentados con FC como con CMPrT disminuyeron los niveles de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados al tercer día de vida (17,8 y 17,5 vs 19,2 por ciento, respectivamente, p < 0,05). Los RNPrT-AEG alimentados con CMPrT mantuvieron el contenido de ARA y DHA (12,6 y 4 vs 12,1 y 3,6 por ciento respectivamente), en tanto que los alimentados con FC disminuyeron significativamente el ácido araquidónico y docosahexaenoico (11,5 y 3 vs 12,1 y 3,6 por ciento respectivamente, p < 0,05), y todos los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga (mayor igual 20 C; PCL), en sus eritrocitos. Al comparar al tercer día de vida los RNPrT vs RNT alimentados con calostro materno, los eritrocitos de los pretérmino tienen significativamente menos contenido de ARA y DHA (12,6 vs 13; 4 por ciento y 4 vs 4,7 por ciento, respectivamente, p < 0,05). Conclusión: el calostro materno de pretérmino permite mantener mejor el contenido de PCL a los 3 días de vida que la alimentación con una fórmula convencional, sin llegar a los niveles de PCL contenidos en eritrocitos de RNT alimentados con CMT. Los requerimientos nutricionales de los PCL de RNPrT-AEG, que deban alimentarse por vía enteral o parenteral, o que no puedan alimentarse con calostro materno, podrían cubrirse proporcionándoles precozmente fórmulas cuya cantidad y composición lipídica se asemeje a la del calostro de madres con parto prematuro

Malformaciones del aparato urinario en recién nacidos de la maternidad Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile / Urinary tract malformations in the department of obstetrics of the Universidad de Chile clinical hospital, in the period 1982-1997

Background: The prevalence of urinary malformations at birth is steadily increasing, probably due to the availability of better diagnostic techniques Aim: To assess the prevalence of renal agenesis, hidroureteronephrosis and polycystic kidney at birth in the obstetric wards of the University of Chile Clinical Hospital. Patients and methods: As a part of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations, 54.039 consecutive births at the Maternity, between January 1982 and December 1997, were studied. Results: Eighty three newborns had urinary tract malformations (15.3/10000). Fourteen (2.6/10000) had renal agenesis, 34 (6.3/10000) had hidroureteronephrosis and 35 (6.5/10000) had polycystic kidney. Eleven percent of these children were stillbirths and 35 percent died in the first days of life. Fifty six percent were male, 34 percent female and 10 percent had ambiguous sex. Mean birth weight was 2750 g, mean gestational age was 35.4 weeks and mean maternal age was 28 years old. Twenty three percent of mothers had a history of previous abortions, 8 percent had a history of stillbirths and 10 percent a history of metrorrhagia during the first trimester of pregnancy. Twenty five percent of children had a relative with a malformation and 48 children had other associated malformations such as pulmonary hypoplasia, external malformations caused by extreme oligoamnios or internal malformations such as utereral, urinary bladder, uretral or external genitalia agenesis. Conclusions: The prevalence of urinary malformations in this hospital was higher than in other hospitals participating in the collaborative study. This difference could be due to an under registration of malformations in other hospitals

Contenido de ácidos grasos esenciales en los fosfolípidos de eritrocitos maternos: estudio en nacimientos de pretérmino y término en humanos / Essential fatty acid content of maternal erythrocyte phospholipids: a study in pre term and full term human newborns

Background: A high concentration of arachidonic acid in maternal erythrocytes and trophoblast could have a role in pre term deliveries. Aim: To study the fatty acid composition of long chain fatty acids from erythrocytes of mothers who gave birth to pre term and full term infants. Patients and methods: Thirty three healthy women that gave birth to healthy newborns in a public hospital were studied. Twenty two had pre term (34 weeks) and 11 full term (40 weeks) deliveries. The fatty acid profile of phospholipids isolated from erythrocytes of these women was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Results: Compared to women giving birth to full term infants, phospholipids of women giving birth to pre term infants had a higher content of arachidonic acid (20:4w6) and all the species of w6 fatty acids. They also had a lower concentration of palmitic and eicosapentanoic (20:5w3) acids and thus a higher arachidonic acid/eicosapentanoic acid ratio. Conclusions: A high arachidonic acid content in phospholipids of erythrocytes could be a risk factor or predictive marker for pre term deliveries

Defectos de la pared abdominal / Abdominal wall abnormalities

Se analizan 44.736 nacimientos consecutivos, atendidos en la maternidad del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, entre 1983 y 1995. La incidencia de Defectos de la Pared Abdominal fue de 4,24 por 10.000, siendo de 3,57 para Onfalocele y de 0,67 para gastrosquisis. La sobrevida fue de 66 por ciento para Onfalocele y de 100 por ciento para gastrosquisis; esta diferencia se debió a la mayor incidencia de malformacines incompatibles con la vida en la primera patología. Se concluye que los avances en las técnicas quirúrgicas, el mejor manejo del feto y recién nacido y el mejor diagnóstico prenatal han permitido una mejor sobrevida de estos pacientes. El tamaño y posición de los defectos de la pared anterior del abdómen, su contenido y asociación con otras anomalías son hechos que pueden ser diagnosticados in útero con ultrasonido y permiten hacer un diagnóstico diferencial prenatal, que es extremadamente importante para el manejo del paciente

Drogas anorexígenas en el tratamiento de la obesidad / Anorexigenic drugs in the treatment of obesity

Obesity is highly prevalent and has several adverse effects on health. Its treatment is thus warranted and must aim to modify dietary and physical activity habits. The opinion of this association is that anorexigenic drugs with cathecolaminergic action (diethylpropion, phentermine, mazindol and phenylpropanolamine) or serotoninergic action (fenfluoramine and fluoxetine) may be used in moderate or severe obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2) after a complete clinical assessment and in the context of an integral medical treatment. This association recommends a close surveillance of the use of these drugs, specially when formulated as non-propietary prescriptions