Índice de massa corporal e circunferência abdominal colocam em risco cardiovascular um grupo de idosos de um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Body mass index and abdominal circumference put at risk a group of elderly people from a municipality of Minas Gerais, Brazil / El índice de masa corporal y circunferencia abdominal colocan en riesgo cardiovascular un grupo de ancianos de un municipio de Minas Gerais, Brasil

O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer fatores de risco que influenciam a ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares em idosos. Dentre os fatores de risco observados na amostra, destacaram-se o sobrepeso, a obesidade e a circunferência abdominal de risco. É possível concluir que há aspectos do estilo de vida que devem ser modificados para propiciar menos risco cardiovascular. A população-alvo deve ser conscientizada através da intensificação de ações de educação em saúde focada no tema.

The present study had as objective to know risk factors that influence the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Among the risk factors observed in the sample were overweight, obesity and abdominal circumference at risk. It is possible to conclude that there are aspects of lifestyle that must be modified to provide less cardiovascular risk. The target population should be made aware through the intensification of health education actions focused on the theme.

El presente estudio tenía los objetivos para saber los factores de riesgo que influye en la ocurrencia de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en los ancianos. En el caso de los factores de riesgo observados en el muestreado, el exceso de peso, la obesidad y la circunferencia abdominal en el riesgo. Es posible que se tenga en cuenta que hay una parte de la forma de vida que se debe modificar para proporcionar el riesgo cardiovascular. La población de destino debería ser consciente de la intensificación de las actividades de educación de las personas en el tema.

Human colostrum action against Giardia lamblia infection influenced by hormones and advanced maternal age.

Children are more susceptible to Giardia lamblia infection. Cells and hormones contained in human colostrum have an immunoprotective action against giardiasis, but the effects of advanced maternal age on these components are poorly understood. This study analyzed the colostrum of older women to determine melatonin and cortisol levels besides the participation of these hormones on the functional activity of phagocytes against G. lamblia. Colostrum samples were collected from younger (18 to 35 years old) and older (over 36 years old) lactating women. Colostrum samples were subjected to melatonin and cortisol determination, immunophenotyping, quantification of superoxide release, and assessment of phagocytic rate and microbicidal activity of phagocytes treated with hormones and in the presence of G. lamblia. Colostrum from mothers of advanced age contained higher melatonin and cortisol levels and a lower rate of cells expressing CD14+ and CD15+. In the colostru of these older mothers, melatonin increased superoxide release by phagocytes. In both groups, superoxide release by phagocytes treated with cortisol was higher in the presence of G. lamblia. In colostrum from mothers of advanced age, mononuclear (MN) phagocytes treated with melatonin showed higher phagocytosis of G. lamblia and higher microbicidal index. In younger mothers, MN and polymorphonuclear (PMN) colostrum phagocytes exhibited higher rates of G. lamblia elimination when treated with both melatonin and cortisol. In older mothers, cortisol and melatonin regulation for the functional activity of colostrum phagocytes against G. lamblia may represent an additional defense mechanism, relevant for the protection and treatment of parasitic infections in breastfed children.

Presencia de estrés y otros factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular entre las enfermeras y abogados de una ciudad de Minas Gerais - Brasil / Presença de estresse e outros fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em enfermeiros e advogados de um município de Minas Gerais - Brasil / EPresence of stress and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease among nurses and lawyers of a city of Minas Gerais - Brazil

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el estrés y otros factores de riesgo de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en las enfermeras y abogados de un municipio de Minas Gerais (Brasil). La muestra estuvo conformada por 20 enfermeras de la zona hospitalaria y 26 abogados independientes. Cada voluntario respondió dos cuestionarios, uno sobre factores de riesgo de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en general y el Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés para Adultos (ISSL). Después se descubrió que el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia abdominal (CA) y la presión sanguínea de cada voluntario. Los resultados indican que el 55% de las enfermeras y el 30,9% de los abogados presentes estrés. La etapa de agotamiento es especialmente preocupante, de ser encontrado, respectivamente, 10% y 11,6% de las enfermeras y abogados. Los hallazgos relacionados con el sobrepeso / obesidad, circunferencia de la cintura de riesgo, el sedentarismo y la ingesta de alcohol son preocupantes porque aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares en la muestra. Se concluyó que existen factores de riesgo de ECV y se necesitan intervenciones para mejorar la salud y calidad de vida de estos profesionales (AU)

As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) constituem causa importante de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo. Esse estudo objetivou avaliar o estresse e outros fatores de risco para DCV em enfermeiros e advogados de um munícipio de Minas Gerais (Brasil). A amostra foi composta por 20 enfermeiros da área hospitalar e com 26 advogados autônomos. Cada voluntário respondeu a dois questionários, um sobre fatores de risco para DCV em geral e o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos (ISSL). Após foi verificado o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), a Circunferência Abdominal (CA) e a pressão arterial de cada voluntário. Os resultados encontrados indicam que 55% dos enfermeiros e 30,9% dos advogados apresentam estresse. A fase de exaustão é especialmente preocupante, sendo encontrada, respectivamente, em 10% e 11,6% dos enfermeiros e advogados. Os achados referentes ao sobrepeso/obesidade, circunferência abdominal de risco, sedentarismo e ingestão de bebi-das alcóolicas são preocupantes, pois elevam os riscos de DCV na amostra. É possível concluir que há fatores de risco para DCV e que intervenções são necessárias em prol da saúde e qualidade de vida desses profissionais (AU)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an impor-tant cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. This study aimed to evaluate stress and other risk factors for CVD in nurses and law-yers of a municipality of Minas Gerais (Brazil). The sample consisted of 20 nurses from the hospital area and 26 independent lawyers. Each volunteer answered two questionnaires, one on risk factors for CVD in general and the Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults (ISSL). After it was found the body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (AC) and blood pressure of each volunteer. The results indicate that 55% of nurses and 30.9% of the lawyers present stress. The exhaustion stage is of particular concern, being found, respectively, 10% and 11.6% of nurses and lawyers. The findings relating to overweight / obesity, waist circumference of risk, sedentary life-style and intake of alcohol are worrying because increase the risk of CVD in the sample. It was concluded that there are risk factors for CVD and interventions are needed to improve health and quality of life of these profesional (AU)

Intracellular calcium is a target of modulation of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in the presence of IgA adsorbed to polyethylene glycol.

PURPOSE: Clinical and epidemiological studies have indicated that breastfeeding has a protective effect on breast cancer risk. Protein-based drugs, including antibodies, are being developed to attain better forms of cancer therapy. Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the antibody class in human breast milk, and its activity can be linked to the protective effect of breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres with adsorbed SIgA on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. METHODS: The PEG microspheres were characterized by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The MCF-7 cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection. MCF-7 cells were pre-incubated for 24 hours with or without SIgA (100 ng/mL), PEG microspheres or SIgA adsorbed in PEG microspheres (100 ng/mL). Viability, intracellular calcium release, and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses revealed that SIgA was able to adsorb to the PEG microspheres. The MCF-7 cells that were incubated with PEG microspheres with adsorbed SIgA showed decreased viability. MCF-7 cells that were incubated with SIgA or PEG microspheres with adsorbed SIgA had increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels. In the presence of SIgA, an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells was observed. The highest apoptosis index was observed when the cells were treated with PEG microspheres with adsorbed SIgA. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that colostral SIgA adsorbed to PEG microspheres has antitumor effects on human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and that the presence of large amounts of this protein in secreted breast milk may provide protection against breast tumors in women who breastfed.

Repercussions of breastfeeding by diabetic women for breast cancer.

Diabetes represents a serious health problem. In the diabetic state, alterations in metabolism, increased susceptibility to infections and immunological changes occur. The suppression of the immune response has been identified as a relevant factor that contributes to the increase in the rate of infections in these patients. At the same time, breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in women. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development have revealed that immune cells functionally regulate epithelial cancer development and progression. Breastfeeding has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, early systematic reviews have not yielded consistent findings for this association. The demand for human milk is increasing due to the promotion and consumer acceptance of the health benefits of consuming a natural product rich in bioactive components. However, due to changes in glucose metabolism, the components of the milk from diabetic women are modified depending on the time of evaluation. In this literature review, we summarize important new findings revealing the paradoxical role of breastfeeding in preventing the onset of breast cancer in diabetic mothers. We hypothesized that the milk component production in diabetic mothers is affected by changes in glucose metabolism. Therefore, adequate maternal glycemic control and an adequate duration of breastfeeding for diabetic mothers are crucial to ensure that the immunity components are able to confer protection against breast cancer.