The syndemic effect of COVID-19 and racial discrimination on suicide risk for Black emerging adults: Examining a model of radical healing.

Suicide is a leading cause of death among Black emerging adults. The concurrent effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and racial discrimination were projected to exacerbate suicide vulnerability for Black Americans. The purpose of the present study was to utilize a risk-resilience model to examine the effects of racial discrimination and COVID-related stress on suicide risk for Black emerging adults, as well as the moderating effect of three central components of radical healing: critical consciousness, resilience, and cultural authenticity. Study participants included 521 Black emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 29 (51.6% male; Mage = 24.6, SD = 2.6) who completed measures evaluating symptoms of racial discrimination, COVID-related stress, suicide risk, and psychological well-being. After controlling for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and general stress, structural equation modeling analyses revealed unique and interactive effects of racial discrimination, COVID-related stress, and culturally relevant protective factors on suicide risk for Black emerging adults. These findings provide preliminary insight into novel risk and protective factors that influence suicide risk for Black emerging adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Impact of Driver Mutations on Metastasis-Free Survival in Uveal Melanoma: A Meta-Analysis.

The prognosis of uveal melanoma is significantly influenced by the risk of metastasis, which varies according to clinical and genetic features. Driver mutations can predict the likelihood of disease progression and survival, although the data in the literature are inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of driver mutations, including GNAQ, GNA11, BAP1, and SF3B1, in the advancement of uveal melanoma. A comprehensive search of databases yielded relevant studies, and data from 13 studies (848 eyes) were synthesized to assess the impact of these mutations on metastasis-free survival. The BAP1 mutation and negative immunohistochemistry were associated with a higher risk of metastasis (logHR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.05-1.83). GNAQ, GNA11, and SF3B1 mutations did not show a significant increase in risk. In summary, BAP1 has proven to reliably predict the likelihood of disease progression in uveal melanoma, while further studies are needed to establish the significance of other driver mutations.

Phylodynamic Insights into Global Emergence and Diversification of the Tomato Pathogen Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri.

The emergence of plant pathogens is often associated with waves of unique evolutionary and epidemiological events. Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri is one of the major pathogens causing bacterial spot disease of tomatoes. After its first report in the 1950s, there were no formal reports on this pathogen until the 1990s, despite active global research on the pathogens that cause tomato and pepper bacterial spot disease. Given the recently documented global distribution of X. hortorum pv. gardneri, our objective was to examine genomic diversification associated with its emergence. We sequenced the genomes of X. hortorum pv. gardneri strains collected in eight countries to examine global population structure and pathways of emergence using phylodynamic analysis. We found that strains isolated post-1990 group by region of collection and show minimal impact of recombination on genetic variation. A period of rapid geographic expansion in X. hortorum pv. gardneri is associated with acquisition of a large plasmid conferring copper tolerance by horizontal transfer and coincides with the burgeoning hybrid tomato seed industry through the 1980s. The ancestry of X. hortorum pv. gardneri is consistent with introduction to hybrid tomato seed production and dissemination during the rapid increase in trade of hybrid seeds.

Identification and Validation of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Fruit Puffiness in a Processing Tomato Population.

Physiological disorders impact the yield and quality of marketable fruit in tomato. Puffy fruit caused by cavities inside the locule can be problematic for processing and fresh market quality. In this paper, we used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) and three derived processing tomato populations to map and validate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fruit puffiness across environments. Binary interval mapping was used for mapping the incidence of fruit puffiness, and non-parametric interval mapping and parametric composite interval mapping were used for mapping severity. Marker-trait regressions were carried out to validate putative QTLs in subsequent crosses. QTLs were detected on chromosome (Chr) 1, 2, and 4. Only the QTL on Chr 1 was validated in progeny from subsequent crosses. This QTL explained up to 22.5% of the variance in the percentage of puffy fruit, with a significant interaction between loci on Chr 2 and 4, increasing the percentage of puffy fruit by an additional 15%. The allele responsible for puffy fruit on Chr 1 was inherited from parent FG02-188 and was dominant towards increased incidence and severity. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the QTL on Chr 1 was as efficient as genomic selection (GS) in reducing the incidence and severity of puffy fruit, despite the potential contribution of other loci.

Impact of Obesity on Timing of Tracheotomy: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of increased body mass index (BMI) on (1) tracheotomy timing and (2) short-term surgical complications requiring a return to the operating room and 30-day mortality utilizing data from the Multi-Institutional Study on Tracheotomy (MIST). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients from the MIST database who underwent surgical or percutaneous tracheotomy between 2013 and 2016 at eight institutions was completed. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to assess the impact of obesity on tracheotomy timing and complications. RESULTS: Among the 3369 patients who underwent tracheotomy, 41.0% were obese and 21.6% were morbidly obese. BMI was associated with higher rates of prolonged intubation prior to tracheotomy accounting for comorbidities, indication for tracheotomy, institution, and type of tracheostomy (p = 0.001). Morbidly obese patients (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) experienced a longer duration of intubation compared with patients with a normal BMI (median days intubated [IQR 25%-75%]: 11.0 days [7-17 days] versus 9.0 days [5-14 days]; p < 0.001) but did not have statistically higher rates of return to the operating room within 30 days (p = 0.12) or mortality (p = 0.90) on multivariable analysis. This same finding of prolonged intubation was not seen in overweight, nonobese patients when compared with normal BMI patients (median days intubated [IQR 25%-75%]: 10.0 days [6-15 days] versus 10.0 days [6-15 days]; p = 0.36). CONCLUSION: BMI was associated with increased duration of intubation prior to tracheotomy. Although morbidly obese patients had a longer duration of intubation, there were no differences in return to the operating room or mortality within 30 days. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III Laryngoscope, 2024.

Insect meal in aquafeeds: A sustainable path to enhanced mucosal immunity in fish.

The mucosal surfaces of fish, including their intestines, gills, and skin, are constantly exposed to various environmental threats, such as water quality fluctuations, pollutants, and pathogens. However, various cells and microbiota closely associated with these surfaces work in tandem to create a functional protective barrier against these conditions. Recent research has shown that incorporating specific feed ingredients into fish diets can significantly boost their mucosal and general immune response. Among the various ingredients being investigated, insect meal has emerged as one of the most promising options, owing to its high protein content and immunomodulatory properties. By positively influencing the structure and function of mucosal surfaces, insect meal (IM) has the potential to enhance the overall immune status of fish. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential benefits of incorporating IM into aquafeed as a feed ingredient for augmenting the mucosal immune response of fish.

Impact of Procedural Variation in Endoscopic Dilation for Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis.

OBJECTIVES: A small number of Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) patients are treated at institutions across the country. Divergence in operative techniques for endoscopic dilation (ED) of iSGS has been anecdotally recognized but not formally characterized. Additionally, the relationship between procedural variation and clinical outcome has not been studied. METHODS: Secondary analysis of the NoAAC iSGS1000 cohort investigated variation in procedural techniques and treatment outcomes in patients treated with ED across high-enrolling treatment centers (enrolled >10 patients in PR-02 trial). RESULTS: Thirteen NoAAC centers each enrolled >10 patients treated with ED for a total of 281 subjects. There was significant variation in procedural details and rate of recurrence among institutions. Hierarchal cluster analysis revealed significant heterogeneity among institutions and clusters in all procedural variables. However, analysis demonstrated a transient delay in disease recurrence in cluster 2 which disappeared with longer longitudinal follow-up. Patient-reported outcome and peak expiratory flow data supported the potential benefit of the technical variation in Cluster 2. Distinct to cluster 2, however, was routine use of adjuvant triple medical therapy (proton pump inhibitor (PPI), antibacterial agent, and steroid inhaler). CONCLUSIONS: Both outcome and procedural technique vary among centers employing ED to treat iSGS. A transient delay in recurrence was observed among centers that routinely prescribed adjuvant medical therapy (antibiotic, inhaled corticosteroid, and PPI) to iSGS patients after endoscopic dilation, which was further supported by patient-reported data and peak expiratory flow data. Prospective studies are needed to understand the effects of adjuvant medical therapy on recurrence after endoscopic dilation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 134:3260-3266, 2024.

Balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure: A revised position statement for Australian adults.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of a new position statement regarding balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure for Australian adults. METHODS: We conducted a Sun Exposure Summit in March 2021, with presentations from invited experts and a workshop including representation from academic, clinical, policy, and patient stakeholder organisations. The group considered advice about balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure for Australian adults and developed a revised consensus position statement. RESULTS: The balance of risks and benefits of sun exposure is not the same for everybody. For people at very high risk of skin cancer, the risks of exposure likely outweigh the benefits; sun protection is essential. Conversely, people with deeply pigmented skin are at low risk of skin cancer but at high risk of vitamin D deficiency; routine sun protection is not recommended. For those at intermediate risk of skin cancer, sun protection remains a priority, but individuals may obtain sufficient sun exposure to maintain adequate vitamin D status. CONCLUSIONS: The new position statement provides sun exposure advice that explicitly recognises the differing needs of Australia's diverse population. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH: Mass communication campaigns should retain the focus on skin cancer prevention. The new position statement will support the delivery of personalised advice.

Benchmarking signal quality and spatiotemporal distribution of interictal spikes in prolonged human iEEG recordings using CorTec wireless brain interchange.

Neuromodulation through implantable pulse generators (IPGs) represents an important treatment approach for neurological disorders. While the field has observed the success of state-of-the-art interventions, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) or responsive neurostimulation (RNS), implantable systems face various technical challenges, including the restriction of recording from a limited number of brain sites, power management, and limited external access to the assessed neural data in a continuous fashion. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time in this study, we investigated the feasibility of recording human intracranial EEG (iEEG) using a benchtop version of the Brain Interchange (BIC) unit of CorTec, which is a portable, wireless, and externally powered implant with sensing and stimulation capabilities. We developed a MATLAB/SIMULINK-based rapid prototyping environment and a graphical user interface (GUI) to acquire and visualize the iEEG captured from all 32 channels of the BIC unit. We recorded prolonged iEEG (~ 24 h) from three human subjects with externalized depth leads using the BIC and commercially available clinical amplifiers simultaneously in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). The iEEG signal quality of both streams was compared, and the results demonstrated a comparable power spectral density (PSD) in all the systems in the low-frequency band (< 80 Hz). However, notable differences were primarily observed above 100 Hz, where the clinical amplifiers were associated with lower noise floor (BIC-17 dB vs. clinical amplifiers < - 25 dB). We employed an established spike detector to assess and compare the spike rates in each iEEG stream. We observed over 90% conformity between the spikes rates and their spatial distribution captured with BIC and clinical systems. Additionally, we quantified the packet loss characteristic in the iEEG signal during the wireless data transfer and conducted a series of simulations to compare the performance of different interpolation methods for recovering the missing packets in signals at different frequency bands. We noted that simple linear interpolation has the potential to recover the signal and reduce the noise floor with modest packet loss levels reaching up to 10%. Overall, our results indicate that while tethered clinical amplifiers exhibited noticeably better noise floor above 80 Hz, epileptic spikes can still be detected successfully in the iEEG recorded with the externally powered wireless BIC unit opening the road for future closed-loop neuromodulation applications with continuous access to brain activity.

Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveal Tomato Consumption Alters Hepatic Xenobiotic Metabolism and Induces Steroidal Alkaloid Metabolite Accumulation in Mice.

SCOPE: Tomato consumption is associated with many health benefits including lowered risk for developing certain cancers. It is hypothesized that tomato phytochemicals are transported to the liver and other tissues where they alter gene expression in ways that lead to favorable health outcomes. However, the effects of tomato consumption on mammalian liver gene expression and chemical profile are not well defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study hypothesizes that tomato consumption would alter mouse liver transcriptomes and metabolomes compared to a control diet. C57BL/6J mice (n = 11-12/group) are fed a macronutrient matched diet containing either 10% red tomato, 10% tangerine tomato, or no tomato powder for 6 weeks after weaning. RNA-Seq followed by gene set enrichment analyses indicates that tomato type and consumption, in general, altered expression of phase I and II xenobiotic metabolism genes. Untargeted metabolomics experiments reveal distinct clustering between control and tomato fed animals. Nineteen molecular formulas (representing 75 chemical features) are identified or tentatively identified as steroidal alkaloids and isomers of their phase I and II metabolites; many of which are reported for the first time in mammals. CONCLUSION: These data together suggest tomato consumption may impart benefits partly through enhancing detoxification potential.

Early development of saliency-driven attention through object manipulation.

In the first years of life, infants progressively develop attention selection skills to gather information from visually clustered environments. As young as newborns, infants are sensitive to the distinguished differences in color, orientation, and luminance, which are the components of visual saliency. However, we know little about how saliency-driven attention emerges and develops socially through everyday free-viewing experiences. The present work assessed the saliency change in infants' egocentric scenes and investigated the impacts of manual engagements on infant object looking in the interactive context of object play. Thirty parent-infant dyads, including infants in two age groups (younger: 3- to 6-month-old; older: 9- to 12-month-old), completed a brief session of object play. Infants' looking behaviors were recorded by the head-mounted eye-tracking gear, and both parents' and infants' manual actions on objects were annotated separately for analyses. The present findings revealed distinct attention mechanisms that underlie the hand-eye coordination between parents and infants and within infants during object play: younger infants are predominantly biased toward the characteristics of the visual saliency accompanying the parent's handled actions on the objects; on the other hand, older infants gradually employed more attention to the object, regardless of the saliency in view, as they gained more self-generated manual actions. Taken together, the present work highlights the tight coordination between visual experiences and sensorimotor competence and proposes a novel dyadic pathway to sustained attention that social sensitivity to parents' hands emerges through saliency-driven attention, preparing infants to focus, follow, and steadily track moving targets in free-flow viewing activities.

Economic Burden of Induced Laryngeal Obstruction in Adolescents and Children.

PURPOSE: Diagnosing pediatric induced laryngeal obstruction (ILO) requires equipment typically available in specialist settings, and patients often see multiple providers before a diagnosis is determined. This study examined the financial burden associated with the diagnosis and treatment of ILO in pediatric patients with reference to socioeconomic disadvantage. METHODS: Adolescents and children (<18 years of age) diagnosed with ILO were identified through the University of Madison Voice and Swallow Outcomes Database. Procedures, office visits, and prescribed medications were collected from the electronic medical record. Expenditures were calculated for two time periods (1) pre-diagnosis (first dyspnea-related visit to diagnosis), and (2) the first year following diagnosis. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was used to estimate patient socioeconomic status to determine if costs differed with neighborhood-level disadvantage. RESULTS: A total of 113 patients met inclusion criteria (13.9 years, 79% female). Total pre-diagnosis costs of ILO averaged $6486.93 (SD = $6604.14, median = $3845.66) and post-diagnosis costs averaged $2067.69 (SD = $2322.78; median = $1384.12). Patients underwent a mean of 3.01 (SD = 1.9; median = 2) procedures and 5.8 (SD = 4.7; median = 5) office visits prior to diagnosis. Pharmaceutical, procedure/office visit, and indirect costs significantly decreased following diagnosis. Patients living in neighborhoods with greater socioeconomic disadvantage underwent fewer procedures and were prescribed more medication than those from more affluent areas. However, total expenditures did not differ based on ADI. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric ILO is associated with considerable financial costs. The source of these costs, however, differed according to socioeconomic advantage. Future work should determine how ILO diagnosis and management can be more efficient and equitable across all patients. Laryngoscope, 134:3384-3390, 2024.

Modeling Thyroid Cancer Epidemiology in the United States Using Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Microsimulation Model.

OBJECTIVES: Thyroid cancer incidence increased over 200% from 1992 to 2018, whereas mortality rates had not increased proportionately. The increased incidence has been attributed primarily to the detection of subclinical disease, raising important questions related to thyroid cancer control. We developed the Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Microsimulation model (PATCAM) to answer them, including the impact of overdiagnosis on thyroid cancer incidence. METHODS: PATCAM simulates individuals from age 15 until death in birth cohorts starting from 1975 using 4 inter-related components, including natural history, detection, post-diagnosis, and other-cause mortality. PATCAM was built using high-quality data and calibrated against observed age-, sex-, and stage-specific incidence in the United States as reported by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. PATCAM was validated against US thyroid cancer mortality and 3 active surveillance studies, including the largest and longest running thyroid cancer active surveillance cohort in the world (from Japan) and 2 from the United States. RESULTS: PATCAM successfully replicated age- and stage-specific papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) incidence and mean tumor size at diagnosis and PTC mortality in the United States between 1975 and 2015. PATCAM accurately predicted the proportion of tumors that grew more than 3 mm and 5 mm in 5 years and 10 years, aligning with the 95% confidence intervals of the reported rates from active surveillance studies in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: PATCAM successfully reproduced observed US thyroid cancer incidence and mortality over time and was externally validated. PATCAM can be used to identify factors that influence the detection of subclinical PTCs.

Seaweed and Seaweed-Based Functional Metabolites as Potential Modulators of Growth, Immune and Antioxidant Responses, and Gut Microbiota in Fish.

Seaweed, also known as macroalgae, represents a vast resource that can be categorized into three taxonomic groups: Rhodophyta (red), Chlorophyta (green), and Phaeophyceae (brown). They are a good source of essential nutrients such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids. Seaweed also contains a wide range of functional metabolites, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, and pigments. This study comprehensively discusses seaweed and seaweed-derived metabolites and their potential as a functional feed ingredient in aquafeed for aquaculture production. Past research has discussed the nutritional role of seaweed in promoting the growth performance of fish, but their effects on immune response and gut health in fish have received considerably less attention in the published literature. Existing research, however, has demonstrated that dietary seaweed and seaweed-based metabolite supplementation positively impact the antioxidant status, disease resistance, and stress response in fish. Additionally, seaweed supplementation can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, thereby improving gut health and nutrient absorption in fish. Nevertheless, an important balance remains between dietary seaweed inclusion level and the resultant metabolic alteration in fish. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the associated importance of continued research endeavors regarding seaweed and seaweed-based functional metabolites as potential modulators of growth, immune and antioxidant response, and gut microbiota composition in fish.

Survival and gill morphology of different life stages of Tilapia guineensis exposed to the drilling fluid XP-07 / Sobrevivência e morfologia branquial de Tilapia guineensis expostos ao líquido de perfuração XP-07 em diferentes estágios de vida

The toxicity of drilling fluid XP-07 on gills of three life stages (fry, fingerling and post fingerling) of Tilapia guineensis was evaluated in a 96h static bioassay. The mortality rates of the organisms were determined using the same concentrations of XP-07 in all the life stages. At the end of 96h, the gills were examined for histopathological changes. The 96h median lethal concentrations for fry (Fr), fingerlings (F) and post fingerlings (PF) were 5.03, 7.77 and 6.93 percent XP-07 respectively. The median lethal time values decreased as concentration and time of exposure increased. The histopathological studies carried out on gills of T. guineensis showed injuries, which increased progressively with the concentration of the fluid. The fry stage was the most susceptible to the drilling fluid. This states the need for care to be taken in handling drilling fluids in Niger delta, since this area serves as breeding and nursery ground for several fish species.

A toxicidade do líquido de perfuração XP-07, nas brânquias de Tilapia guineensis, foi avaliada por meio de um bioensaio estático de 96h em três estágios da vida do peixe (larva, alevino e juvenil). As taxas de mortalidade do organismo foram avaliadas nas mesmas concentrações de XP-07 para todos os estágios de vida do peixe. As brânquias foram avaliadas ao final de 96 horas, com o objetivo de observarem-se mudanças histopatológicas. A concentração média letal para 96h foi de 5,03; 7,77 e 6,93 por cento para larvas, alevinos e juvenis, respectivamente. O tempo médio letal diminuiu à medida que a concentração e o tempo de exposição aumentaram. Os estudos histopatológicos realizados nas brânquias de T. guineensis indicaram lesões que aumentaram progressivamente com a concentração do fluido. A fase larval é a mais suscetível ao fluido de perfuração. Concluiu-se que é necessário cuidado no manuseio de fluidos de perfuração no Delta do Niger, uma vez que esta é uma área de reprodução e berçário para várias espécies de peixes.

Evaluación de la microdureza superficial de una resina composita fotopolimerizada por lámparas de luz halógena y led´s / Evaluation of the surface microhardness of a composite resin photopolymerized by halogen light lamps and LEDs

La presente investigación evaluó el grado de polimerización de una resina composita mediante el test de microdureza Vickers, el material restaurador empleado fue la resina Filtek™ Z350 (3M-ESPE) color A2 fotopolimerizada con tres lámparas: Elipar™ 2500 (3M-ESPE) halógena; Elipar™ Freelight™ 2 (3M-ESPE) de tecnología LED y Litex™ 695 (DENTAMERICA®) de tecnología LED. Se conformaron 6 grupos con 10 cuerpos de prueba cada uno, fotopolimerizados durante 20 segundos. Los grupos A, C y E se elaboraron con incrementos de 2mm y los grupos B, D y F con incrementos de 4mm. Los grupos A y B se polimerizaron con la lámpara Elipar™ 2500, los grupos C y D se polimerizaron con la Elipar™ FreeLigth™ 2 y los grupos E y F con la Litex™ 695. Las mediciones fueron efectuadas empleando el micro durómetro Micromet® 2001 (Buehler) se aplicó una carga de 200 gramos/fuerza durante 15 segundos tanto en la superficie tope como en la base de los cuerpos de prueba. En el análisis estadístico se realizaron dos pruebas: Análisis de Varianza (ANOVA) el cual mostró que existen diferencias estadísticas significativas en los cuerpos de prueba en la superficie Tope de 2mm; Tope de 4mm; Base de 4mm; Tope de 2 y 4mm; Además en el porcentaje de polimerización se encontró diferencia estadística significativa en los grupos de 4mm. Se realizó el test de Tukey, donde se registraron diferencias estadísticas significativas, siendo la tecnología LED´s superior a la halógena. Con los resultados obtenidos se concluyó que la tecnología LED´s mostró mejor desempeño en la polimerización de la resina composita. Siendo la lámpara Litex™ 695 la que mostró mejores resultados.

The present investigation evaluated the degree of polymerization of a composite resin through the Vickers microhardness test, the restorative material used was Filtek ™ Z350 (3M-ESPE) color A2 resin photopolymerized with three lamps: Elipar ™ 2500 (3M-ESPE) halogen ; Elipar ™ Freelight ™ 2 (3M-ESPE) with LED technology and Litex ™ 695 (DENTAMERICA®) with LED technology. 6 groups were formed with 10 test bodies each, light-cured for 20 seconds. Groups A, C and E were made with 2mm increments and groups B, D and F with 4mm increments. Groups A and B were cured with the Elipar ™ 2500 lamp, groups C and D were cured with Elipar ™ FreeLight ™ 2 and groups E and F with Litex ™ 695. Measurements were made using the Micromet® microdurometer. 2001 (Buehler) a load of 200 grams / force was applied for 15 seconds to both the butt surface and the base of the test bodies. In the statistical analysis, two tests were carried out: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which showed that there are significant statistical differences in the test bodies on the Top surface of 2mm; 4mm stop; 4mm base; 2 and 4mm stop; In addition, the percentage of polymerization was statistically significant difference in the 4mm groups. The Tukey test was performed, where significant statistical differences were recorded, with LED technology being superior to halogen. With the results obtained, it was concluded that the LED technology showed better performance in the polymerization of the composite resin. The Litex ™ 695 lamp being the one that showed the best results.

A evolucao dos trabalhadores rurais do Sindicato de Araguari, Minas Gerais, 1972 - 1986 / Evolution of the membership of the agricultural workers union, Araguari, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 1972 - 1986

Este estudo analisa 2379 registros de trabalhadores rurais do sindicato de Araguari, Minas gerais, no periodo de 1972 a 1986, registrando as mudancas ocorridas no quadro de associados quanto a idade, sexo, estado civil, local de origem e relacoes de trabalho. Verificou-se o predominio da faixa etaria de 24 a 31 anos (27,4 por cento): o numero de mulheres sindicalizadas aumentou de 0,0 por cento em 1972 para 23,6 por cento em 1986; os solteiros que em 1972 eram 14,2 por cento chegarram 35,5 por cento em 1986; os trabalhadores procedentesde outros estados que em 1972 representavam 1,2 por cento passaram a 26,6 por cento em 1986. As relacoes de trabalhodenominadas "meeiro" tambem tiveram aumento relevante, passando de 3,3 por cento em 1980para 19,4 por cento em 1986. Conclue-se ter havido, no periodo estudado, mudancas significativas no quadro de trabalhadores rurais do sindicato de Araguari-MG

Raiva: aspectos epidemiologicos das agressoes por animais e procura ao servico anti-rabico humano em Araguari, Minas Gerais / Rabies: epidemiological aspects of animal attacks and frequency reported to the anti human rabies service in Araguari, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Estudou-se 1545 casos de pessoas que procuraram o servico anti-rabico da Policlinica de Araguari - MG, por terem sido agredidas por animais, no periodode janeiro de 1984 a dezembro de 1986. Destes casos, 60,3 por cento eram do sexo masculino, 39,6 por cento do sexo feminino e a faixa etaria de 0 a 13 anos predominou em 49,6 por cento dos casos. O cao foi o responsavel por 90,0 por cento das agressoes, seguida do gato com 5,4 por cento e 2,9 por cento por outros animais (morcegos, macacos, coelhos,bovinos, suinos, tatus, ratos). Destes animais 85,4 por cento puderam ser observados. Em relacao a incidencia mensal, predominaram os meses de outubro, janeiro, dezembro , novembro e julho. Estes resultados mostraram a necessidade de maior enfoque educativo sobre a raiva, voltado a populacao em geral e infantil-escolar em particular