Fatores clínicos associados à sobrevida de pacientes com COVID-19 internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva / Clinical factors associated with survival of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit / Factores clínicos asociados a supervivencia de pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos

Objetivo:identificar fatores clínicos associados à sobrevida de pacientes com COVID-19 internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método:estudo de coorte retrospectivo, por meiode análise documental de 100 prontuários de pacientes com COVID-19 internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, no período marçoa maio de 2021. Resultados:os fatores sociodemográficos, comorbidades e fatores de risco indicaram mudança no perfil do paciente, em comparação aestudos realizados na primeira onda pandêmica. Dentre os fatores associados à sobrevida dos pacientes com COVID-19 internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva destacam-se a oxigenoterapia de baixo fluxo via nasal, a posição autoprona, a sedação com midazolam e o tempo de internação. Já a hemodiálise e o uso de rocurônio aumentaram o risco de óbito dos pacientes. Conclusão:os resultados podem contribuir para a tomada de decisões e melhorar o atendimento ao paciente crítico com COVID-19.

Objective:to identify clinical factors associated with the survival of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Method:retrospective cohort study, through documentary analysis of 100 medical records of patients with COVID-19 admitted to an Intensive Care Unit, in the period from Marchto May 2021. Results:sociodemographic factors, comorbidities,and risk factors indicated a change in the patient's profile, compared to studies carried out in the first pandemic wave. Among the factors associated with the survival of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, low-flow nasal oxygen therapy, prone position, sedation with midazolam and length of stay stand out. Hemodialysis and the use of rocuronium increased the risk of death for patients. Conclusion:the results can contribute to decision-making and improve care for critical patients with COVID-19

Objetivo:identificar factores clínicos asociados a la supervivencia de pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Método:estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, mediante análisis documental de 100 historias clínicas de pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, en el período de marzoa mayo de 2021. Resultados:factores sociodemográficos, comorbilidades y factores de riesgo indicaron un cambio en el perfil del paciente, en comparación con estudios realizados en laprimera ola pandémica. Entre los factores asociados a la supervivencia de los pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos destacan la oxigenoterapia nasal de bajo flujo, la posición prona, la sedación con midazolam y el tiempo deestancia hospitalaria. La hemodiálisis y el uso de rocuronio aumentaron el riesgo de muerte de los pacientes. Conclusión:los resultados pueden contribuir a la toma de decisiones y mejorar la atención al paciente crítico con COVID-19

Risk Stratification in Cancer Patients with Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Comparison of Glasgow-Blatchford, Rockall and AIMS65, and Development of a New Scoring System.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Few studies have measured the accuracy of prognostic scores for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) among cancer patients. Thereby, we compared the prognostic scores for predicting major outcomes in cancer patients with UGIB. Secondarily, we developed a new model to detect patients who might require hemostatic care. METHODS: A prospective research was performed in a tertiary hospital by enrolling cancer patients admitted with UGIB. Clinical and endoscopic findings were obtained through a prospective database. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to gauge the power of each score. RESULTS: From April 2015 to May 2016, 243 patients met the inclusion criteria. The AIMS65 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.85) best predicted intensive care unit admission, while the Glasgow-Blatchford score best predicted blood transfusion (AUC 0.82) and the low-risk group (AUC 0.92). All scores failed to predict hemostatic therapy and rebleeding. The new score was superior (AUC 0.74) in predicting hemostatic therapy. The AIMS65 (AUC 0.84) best predicted in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: The scoring systems for prognostication were validated in the group of cancer patients with UGIB. A new score was developed to predict hemostatic therapy. Following this result, future prospective research should be performed to validate the new score.

Expression of genes containing tandem repeat patterns involved in the fungal-host interaction and in the response to antifungals in Trichophyton rubrum.

BACKGROUND: Trichophyton rubrum is the most common aetiological agent of human dermatophytoses. These infections mainly occur in keratinised layers such as skin, hair and nails because the fungus uses keratin as a nutrient source. Fluconazole and amphotericin are antifungal agents most commonly used to treat dermatophytoses and acts on cell membrane ergosterol. Despite the clinical importance of T rubrum, the mechanisms underlying the fungal-host relationship have not yet been clarified. Tandem repeats (TRs) are short DNA sequences that are involved in a variety of adaptive functions, including the process of fungal infection. It is known that the larger the number of TRs in the genome, the greater the capacity of cell-cell junction and surface adhesion, especially when these repeats are present in regions encoding cell surface proteins. OBJECTIVES: To identify in silico T rubrum genes containing TR patterns and to analyse the modulation of these genes in culture medium containing keratin (a model simulating skin infection) and antifungal drugs. METHODS: The Dermatophyte Tandem Repeats Database (DTRDB) and the FaaPred tool were used to identify four T rubrum genes containing TR patterns. Quantitative real-time (RT) PCR was used to evaluate the gene expression during the growth of T rubrum on keratin and in the presence of fluconazole, amphotericin B and Congo red (acts in the cell wall). RESULTS: The expression of these genes was found to be induced in culture medium containing keratin. In addition, these genes were induced in the presence of antifungal agents, especially fluconazole, indicating an adaptive response to the stress caused by this drug. CONCLUSION: The results suggest an important role of genes containing TRs in the fungal-host interaction and in the susceptibility to inhibitory compounds, indicating these sequences as new potential targets for the development of antifungal agents.

The Legacy of Charles David Marsden: A Role Model in the Field of Movement Disorders.

David Marsden was one of the most renowned neuroscientists of the twentieth century. His scientific contributions in the specialty of movement disorders are recognized worldwide, particularly in the area of Parkinson's disease and also in hyperkinesias, such as dystonia and myoclonus.

Clinical outcomes of endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collections in cirrhotics vs non-cirrhotics: A comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic management of symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) using self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) placement has emerged as an innovative therapeutic approach with excellent efficacy, safety, and relatively few adverse outcomes. However, their use has not been studied in patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhotics tend to be considered less than optimal candidates due to concern for portal hypertension and coagulopathy related complications. AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of using SEMS for drainage of symptomatic PFCs in cirrhotic vs non-cirrhotic patients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective comparative analysis of patients with symptomatic PFCs [pancreatic pseudocyst (PP) or walled-off necrosis (WON)] who underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided placement of fully covered self-expandable metals stents or lumen-apposing self-expandable metal stents. All patients were followed clinically until resolution of PFCs or death. Definition: (1) Technical success was defined as successful placement of SEMS; and (2) Clinical success was defined as complete resolution of the PFCs without additional interventions including interventional radiology or surgery. Number of procedures performed per patient, number of patients who achieved complete resolution of the PFCs without additional interventions and procedure related adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: From January 2012 to December 2017, a total of 88 patients underwent EUS-guided drainage of symptomatic PFCs. Of these, 58 non cirrhotic patients underwent plastic stent insertion for management of PFC and 30 patients, 5 with cirrhosis and 25 without cirrhosis, underwent EUS-guided transmural drainage with SEMS, including 18 (60%) PP and 12 (40%) WON. Technical success was achieved in all 30 patients. Clinical success was achieved in 60% cirrhotic patients and 92% non-cirrhotics (P = 0.12). Procedure-related adverse events were 60% in cirrhotic and 28% non-cirrhotic (P = 0.62). Moreover, fatal adverse events were statistically more common in cirrhotics compared with non-cirrhotics (0 vs 40%; P = 0.023). Successful stent removal following resolution of the PFC, was 60% in cirrhotics and 80% in non-cirrhotics (P = 0.57). Post-procedure length of hospitalization was 18.6 ± 20.3 d in cirrhotics and 5.6 ± 13.7 d in non-cirrhotics (P = 0.084). CONCLUSION: EUS-guided management of PFC using SEMS placement has a high technical and clinical success rate in non-cirrhotics. However, in cirrhotics caution must be exercised given the high morbidity and mortality as evidenced by our cohort, particularly for the endoscopic debridement of WONs. Larger, multicenter studies are warranted to further characterize the risk profile and outcomes in these patients.

Trans-chalcone activity against Trichophyton rubrum relies on an interplay between signaling pathways related to cell wall integrity and fatty acid metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Trichophyton rubrum is the main etiological agent of skin and nail infections worldwide. Because of its keratinolytic activity and anthropophilic nature, infection models based on the addition of protein substrates have been employed to assess transcriptional profiles and to elucidate aspects related to host-pathogen interactions. Chalcones are widespread compounds with pronounced activity against dermatophytes. The toxicity of trans-chalcone towards T. rubrum is not fully understood but seems to rely on diverse cellular targets. Within this context, a better understanding of the mode of action of trans-chalcone may help identify new strategies of antifungal therapy and reveal new chemotherapeutic targets. This work aimed to assess the transcriptional profile of T. rubrum grown on different protein sources (keratin or elastin) to mimic natural infection sites and exposed to trans-chalcone in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antifungal activity of trans-chalcone. RESULTS: Overall, the use of different protein sources caused only slight differences in the transcriptional profile of T. rubrum. The main differences were the modulation of proteases and lipases in gene categories when T. rubrum was grown on keratin and elastin, respectively. In addition, some genes encoding heat shock proteins were up-regulated during the growth of T. rubrum on keratin. The transcriptional profile of T. rubrum exposed to trans-chalcone included four main categories: fatty acid and lipid metabolism, overall stress response, cell wall integrity pathway, and alternative energy metabolism. Consistently, T. rubrum Mapk was strongly activated during the first hours of trans-chalcone exposure. Noteworthy, trans-chalcone inhibited genes involved in keratin degradation. The results also showed effects of trans-chalcone on fatty acid synthesis and metabolic pathways involved in acetyl-CoA supply. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the mode of action of trans-chalcone is related to pronounced changes in fungal metabolism, including an imbalance between fatty acid synthesis and degradation that interferes with cell membrane and cell wall integrity. In addition, this compound exerts activity against important virulence factors. Taken together, trans-chalcone acts on targets related to dermatophyte physiology and the infection process.

Lumen apposing metal stents are superior to plastic stents in pancreatic walled-off necrosis: a large international multicenter study.

Background and study aims The use of lumen apposing metal stents (LAMS) during EUS-guided transmural drainage (EUS-TD) of pancreatic walled-off necrosis (WON) has gained popularity. Data supporting their use in WON over plastic stents (PS), however, remain scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of LAMS (Axios, Boston Scientific) with PS in WON. Patients and methods This was a multicenter, retrospective study involving 14 centers. Consecutive patients who underwent EUS-TD of WON (2012 - 2016) were included. The primary end point was clinical success defined as WON size ≤ 3 cm within a 6-month period without need for percutaneous drainage (PCD) or surgery. Results A total of 189 patients (mean age 55.2 ±â€Š15.6 years, 34.9 % female) were included (102 LAMS and 87 PS). Technical success rates were similar: 100 % in LAMS and 98.9 % in PS ( P  = 0.28). Clinical success was attained in 80.4 % of LAMS and 57.5 % of PS ( P  = 0.001). Rate of PCD was similar (13.7 % LAMS vs. 16.3 % PS, P  = 0.62), while PS was associated with a greater need for surgery (16.1 % PS vs. 5.6 % LAMS, P  = 0.02). Adverse events (AEs) were observed in 9.8 % of LAMS and 10.3 % of PS ( P  = 0.90) and were rated as severe in 2.0 % and 6.9 %, respectively ( P  = 0.93). After excluding patients with < 6 months follow-up, the rate of WON recurrence following initial clinical success was greater with PS (22.9 % PS vs. 5.6 % LAMS, P  = 0.04). Conclusions When compared to PS, LAMS in WON is associated with higher clinical success, shorter procedure time, lower need for surgery, and lower rate of recurrence.

Role of Magnification Chromoendoscopy in the Management of Colorectal Neoplastic Lesions Suspicious for Submucosal Invasion.

BACKGROUND: Correctly predicting the depth of tumor invasion in the colorectal wall is crucial for successful endoscopic resection of superficial colorectal neoplasms. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of magnifying chromoendoscopy in a Western medical center to predict the depth of invasion by the pit pattern classification in patients with colorectal neoplasms with a high risk of submucosal invasion. DESIGN: This single-center retrospective study, from a prospectively collected database, was conducted between April 2009 and June 2015. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at a single academic center. PATIENTS: Consecutive patients with colorectal neoplasms with high risk of submucosal invasion were included. These tumors were defined by large (≥20 mm) sessile polyps (nonpedunculated), laterally spreading tumors, or depressed lesions of any size. INTERVENTIONS: Patients underwent magnifying chromoendoscopy and were classified according to the Kudo pit pattern. The therapeutic decision, endoscopic or surgery, was defined by the magnification assessment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of magnifying chromoendoscopy for assessment of these lesions were determined. RESULTS: A total of 123 lesions were included, with a mean size of 54.0 ± 37.1 mm. Preoperative magnifying chromoendoscopy with pit pattern classification had 73.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 96.4% negative predictive value, and 96.7% accuracy to predict depth of invasion and consequently to guide the appropriate treatment. Thirty-three rectal lesions were also examined by MRI, and 31 were diagnosed as T2 lesions. Twenty two (70.1%) of these lesions were diagnosed as noninvasive by magnifying colonoscopy, were treated by endoscopic resection, and met the curative criteria. LIMITATIONS: This was a single-center retrospective study with a single expert endoscopist experience. CONCLUSIONS: Magnifying chromoendoscopy is highly accurate for assessing colorectal neoplasms suspicious for submucosal invasion and can help to select the most appropriate treatment. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A920.

Optimal injection solution for endoscopic submucosal dissection: A randomized controlled trial of Western solutions in a porcine model.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: When carrying out endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), procedural safety increases with greater tissue elevation and efficiency increases with longer-lasting submucosal cushion. Fluids specifically developed for ESD in Asia are not commercially available in the West, leaving endoscopists to use a variety of injectable fluids off-label. To determine the optimal fluid available in the West, we compared commonly used fluids for Western ESD. METHODS: All phases were carried out in an ex vivo porcine stomach model. Phase 1 compared tissue elevation and duration of submucosal cushions produced by various standard volumes of various injectable solutions used for ESD. The two best-performing solutions used off-label were tested head-to-head in ESD in Phase 2. Phase 3 compared the best solution from Phase 2 to Eleview® , currently the only submucosal injection fluid approved in the USA. In Phases 2 and 3, five ESD were carried out with each solution. The solutions were randomized and the endoscopist blinded to the solution. RESULTS: The best-performing solutions in Phase 1 were 0.4% hyaluronic acid, 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and Eleview® . Phase 2 compared 6% HES and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), showing that ESD with 6% HES was easier (P = 0.007), faster (P = 0.041) and required less injection volume (P = 0.003). In Phase 3, resection speed, ease of ESD and total volume per area resected were comparable between 6% HES and Eleview® . CONCLUSIONS: Of the submucosal injection fluids currently available in the West, Eleview® and 6% HES are the best-performing solutions for ESD in a porcine model.

Self-expandable metal stent for malignant esophagorespiratory fistula: predictive factors associated with clinical failure.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Malignant esophagorespiratory fistulas (MERFs) usually are managed by the placement of self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) but with conflicting results. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with clinical failure after SEMS placement for the treatment of MERFs. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database used at a tertiary-care cancer hospital, with patients treated with SEMS placement for MERFs between January 2009 and February 2016. Logistic regression was used to identify predictive factors for clinical outcomes and to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI). The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and comparisons were made by using the log-rank test. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients (55 male, mean age 59 years) were included in the study, and 70 were considered for the final analysis (1 failed stent insertion). Clinical failure occurred in 44% of patients. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 3 or 4 and fistula development during esophageal cancer treatment were associated with an increased risk of clinical failure. ECOG status of 3 or 4, pulmonary infection at the time of SEMS placement, and prior radiation therapy were predictive factors associated with lower overall survival. Dysphagia scores improved significantly 15 days after stent insertion. The overall stent-related adverse event rate was 30%. Stent migration and occlusion caused by tumor overgrowth were the most common adverse events. CONCLUSION: SEMS placement is a reasonable treatment option for MERFs; however, ECOG status of 3 or 4 and fistula development during esophageal cancer treatment may be independent predictors of clinical failure after stent placement.

II Brazilian consensus statement on endoscopic ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: At the time of its introduction in the early 80s, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was indicated for diagnostic purposes. Recently, EUS has been employed to assist or to be the main platform of complex therapeutic interventions. METHODS: From a series of relevant new topics in the literature and based on the need to complement the I Brazilian consensus on EUS, twenty experienced endosonographers identified and reviewed the pertinent literature in databases. The quality of evidence, strength of recommendations, and level of consensus were graded and voted on. RESULTS: Consensus was reached for eight relevant topics: treatment of gastric varices, staging of nonsmall cell lung cancer, biliary drainage, tissue sampling of subepithelial lesions (SELs), treatment of pancreatic fluid collections, tissue sampling of pancreatic solid lesions, celiac neurolysis, and evaluation of the incidental pancreatic cysts. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high level of evidence for staging of nonsmall cell lung cancer; biopsy of SELs as the safest method; unilateral and bilateral injection techniques are equivalent for EUS-guided celiac neurolysis, and in patients with visible ganglia, celiac ganglia neurolysis appears to lead to better results. There is a moderate level of evidence for: yield of tissue sampling of pancreatic solid lesions is not influenced by the needle shape, gauge, or employed aspiration technique; EUS-guided and percutaneous biliary drainage present similar clinical success and adverse event rates; plastic and metallic stents are equivalent in the EUS-guided treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst. There is a low level of evidence in the routine use of EUS-guided treatment of gastric varices.

In silico characterization of tandem repeats in Trichophyton rubrum and related dermatophytes provides new insights into their role in pathogenesis.

Database URL: http://comp.mch.ifsuldeminas.edu.br/dtrdb/.

Modified technique for percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy placement. / Técnica modificada para realização da gastro-jejunostomia endoscópica percutânea.

The placement of percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEG-J) provides diet delivery beyond the angle of Treitz, and it is associated with decrease of complications related to gastroparesis, such as aspiration pneumonia. There are many different techniques to perform a PEG-J described in the literature, with variable degrees of technical success. In this article, we suggest modifications to the technique of PEG-J placement in order to reduce time of procedure and minimize the risk of technical failure.

A realização da gastro-jejunostomia endoscópica percutânea (PEG-J) proporciona nutrição além do ângulo de Treitz, e está associada à diminuição das complicações relacionadas à gastroparesia, como a pneumonia por aspiração. Existem diversas técnicas para realização da PEG-J descritas na literatura, com graus variáveis de sucesso técnico. Neste artigo propomos modificações na técnica de realização da PEG-J, a fim de reduzir o tempo do procedimento e minimizar o risco de insucesso.

Técnica modificada para realização da gastro-jejunostomia endoscópica percutânea / Modified technique for percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy placement

RESUMO A realização da gastro-jejunostomia endoscópica percutânea (PEG-J) proporciona nutrição além do ângulo de Treitz, e está associada à diminuição das complicações relacionadas à gastroparesia, como a pneumonia por aspiração. Existem diversas técnicas para realização da PEG-J descritas na literatura, com graus variáveis de sucesso técnico. Neste artigo propomos modificações na técnica de realização da PEG-J, a fim de reduzir o tempo do procedimento e minimizar o risco de insucesso.

ABSTRACT The placement of percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEG-J) provides diet delivery beyond the angle of Treitz, and it is associated with decrease of complications related to gastroparesis, such as aspiration pneumonia. There are many different techniques to perform a PEG-J described in the literature, with variable degrees of technical success. In this article, we suggest modifications to the technique of PEG-J placement in order to reduce time of procedure and minimize the risk of technical failure.

Predictive features for histology of gastric subepithelial lesions / Fatores preditivos da histologia nas lesões subepiteliais gástricas

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Gastric subepithelial lesion is a relatively common diagnosis after routine upper endoscopy. The diagnostic workup of an undetermined gastric subepithelial lesion should take into consideration clinical and endoscopic features. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association between patients' characteristics, endoscopic and echographic features with the histologic diagnosis of the gastric subepithelial lesions. METHODS This is a retrospective study with 55 patients, who were consecutively diagnosed with gastric subepithelial lesions, from October 2008 to August 2011. Patients' characteristics, endoscopic and echografic features of each gastric subepithelial lesion were analysed. Histologic diagnosis provided by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration or endoscopic/surgical resection was used as gold standard. RESULTS The probability of gastrointestinal stromal tumors to be located in the cardia was low (4.5%), while for leiomyoma it was high (>95%). In addition, there was a higher risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in patients older than 57 years (OR 8.9; 95% CI), with lesions ≥21 mm (OR 7.15; 95% CI), located at 4th layer (OR 18.8; 95% CI), with positive Doppler sign (OR 9; 95% CI), and irregular outer border (OR 7.75; 95% CI). CONCLUSION The location of gastric subepithelial lesions in the gastric cardia lowers the risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. While gastric subepithelial lesions occurring in elderly patients, located in the gastric body, with positive Doppler signal and irregular outer border increase the risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

RESUMO CONTEXTO O diagnóstico das lesões subepiteliais gástricas é relativamente comum após a endoscopia digestiva alta de rotina. A posterior investigação diagnóstica de uma lesão subepitelial gástrica indeterminada deve levar em consideração os aspectos clínicos e endoscópicos. OBJETIVO O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre as características particulares dos pacientes, endoscópicas e ecográficas dos casos de lesões subepiteliais gástricas com os seus diagnósticos histológicos finais. MÉTODOS Estudo retrospectivo com 55 pacientes, consecutivamente diagnosticados com lesão subepitelial gástrica de outubro de 2008 a agosto de 2011. As características do paciente, endoscópica e ecográfica de cada caso com lesão subepitelial gástrica foram analisadas. O diagnóstico histológico fornecido pela punção aspirativa com agulha fina guiada por ecoendoscopia e/ou a ressecção endoscópica/cirúrgica foram utilizadas como padrão-ouro. RESULTADOS A probabilidade de tumor estromal gastrintestinal ser localizado na cárdia foi baixa (4,5%), enquanto que para o leiomioma foi elevada (>95%). Além disso, houve um maior risco de tumor estromal gastrintestinal em pacientes acima de 57 anos (OR 8,9; IC 95%), com lesão ≥21 mm (OR 7,15; IC 95%), localizada na 4ª camada (OR 18,8; IC 95%), com sinal positivo no Doppler (OR 9; IC 95%), e borda externa irregular (OR 7,75; IC 95%). CONCLUSÃO A localização de uma lesão subepitelial gástrica na cárdia reduz o risco de tumor estromal gastrintestinal. Enquanto que lesões subepiteliais gástricas que ocorrem em pacientes idosos, localizadas no corpo gástrico, com sinal positivo no Doppler e com borda externa irregular aumentam significativamente o risco de tumor estromal gastrintestinal.

Predictive features for histology of gastric subepithelial lesions.

BACKGROUND: - Gastric subepithelial lesion is a relatively common diagnosis after routine upper endoscopy. The diagnostic workup of an undetermined gastric subepithelial lesion should take into consideration clinical and endoscopic features. OBJECTIVE: - We aimed to investigate the association between patients' characteristics, endoscopic and echographic features with the histologic diagnosis of the gastric subepithelial lesions. METHODS: - This is a retrospective study with 55 patients, who were consecutively diagnosed with gastric subepithelial lesions, from October 2008 to August 2011. Patients' characteristics, endoscopic and echografic features of each gastric subepithelial lesion were analysed. Histologic diagnosis provided by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration or endoscopic/surgical resection was used as gold standard. RESULTS: - The probability of gastrointestinal stromal tumors to be located in the cardia was low (4.5%), while for leiomyoma it was high (>95%). In addition, there was a higher risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in patients older than 57 years (OR 8.9; 95% CI), with lesions ≥21 mm (OR 7.15; 95% CI), located at 4th layer (OR 18.8; 95% CI), with positive Doppler sign (OR 9; 95% CI), and irregular outer border (OR 7.75; 95% CI). CONCLUSION: - The location of gastric subepithelial lesions in the gastric cardia lowers the risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. While gastric subepithelial lesions occurring in elderly patients, located in the gastric body, with positive Doppler signal and irregular outer border increase the risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.