A genome-wide cytotoxicity screen of cluster F1 mycobacteriophage Girr reveals novel inhibitors of Mycobacterium smegmatis growth.

Over the past decade, thousands of bacteriophage genomes have been sequenced and annotated. A striking observation from this work is that known structural features and functions cannot be assigned for >65% of the encoded proteins. One approach to begin experimentally elucidating the function of these uncharacterized gene products is genome-wide screening to identify phage genes that confer phenotypes of interest like inhibition of host growth. This study describes the results of a screen evaluating the effects of overexpressing each gene encoded by the temperate Cluster F1 mycobacteriophage Girr on the growth of the host bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis. Overexpression of 29 of the 102 Girr genes (~28% of the genome) resulted in mild to severe cytotoxicity. Of the 29 toxic genes described, 12 have no known function and are predominately small proteins of <125 amino acids. Overexpression of the majority of these 12 cytotoxic no known functions proteins resulted in moderate to severe growth reduction and represent novel antimicrobial products. The remaining 17 toxic genes have predicted functions, encoding products involved in phage structure, DNA replication/modification, DNA binding/gene regulation, or other enzymatic activity. Comparison of this dataset with prior genome-wide cytotoxicity screens of mycobacteriophages Waterfoul and Hammy reveals some common functional themes, though several of the predicted Girr functions associated with cytotoxicity in our report, including genes involved in lysogeny, have not been described previously. This study, completed as part of the HHMI-supported SEA-GENES project, highlights the power of parallel, genome-wide overexpression screens to identify novel interactions between phages and their hosts.

Virtual reality and augmented reality as strategies for teaching social skills to individuals with intellectual disability: A systematic review.

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) programs have proliferated significantly in recent years and they are finding their way into different educational and therapeutic purposes. This systematic review aims at analyzing the virtual reality and augmented reality programs designed to promote the development of social skills in individuals with intellectual disability. Searches were carried out in the Scopus, Science Direct, Springer and Web of Science databases in the period from 2005 to 2020. A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria. A descriptive data analysis was performed. The results show that the clinical profile of the individuals who participated in the interventions is diverse. It can be concluded that there is some scientific evidence that points to the usefulness of VR and AR in the development of intervention programs to improve the social skills of individuals diagnosed with developmental deficits. However, it is necessary to acknowledge methodological limitations such as the lack of control groups, follow-up measures and of generalization of the results.

Transiciones en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama frente al reintegro laboral: revisión integrativa / Transitions in breast cancer survivors regarding work return: integrative review

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de mama es una de las enfermedades más comunes entre las mujeres en todo el mundo. El tratamiento del cáncer de mama a menudo implica cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia y/o terapia hormonal, tratamientos que a largo plazo pueden generar efectos en las mujeres. Estas mujeres que han sido tratadas por cáncer de mama pueden enfrentar situaciones diversas al decidir retornar a su trabajo, debido entre otros a que pueden ser percibidas como menos productivas. OBJETIVO: Describir las transiciones que experimentan las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama frente al reintegro laboral a través de una revisión integrativa. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: revisión integrativa de alcance descriptivo, a través de la identificación del problema, búsqueda de literatura, evaluación de datos, análisis de datos y presentación de resultados. Los términos de búsqueda utilizados fueron: "breast neoplasms" "breast cancer" "breast cancer survivor and, or y not "return to work". Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Scielo, Pubmed, Scopus, según criterios de inclusión implementados en la búsqueda de literatura se encontraron 22 artículos que cumplieron con ello. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron temáticas que van en relación con las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama que planean reincorporarse laboralmente, por lo general no se identifica un momento ni tiempo específico para que la sobreviviente tome la decisión de volver al trabajo después de pasar la enfermedad. CONCLUSIÓN: Es importante generar estudios donde el abordaje de los factores asociados al retorno laboral pueda ocasionar un impacto sobre la calidad de vida de la mujer sobreviviente y su relación con el retorno al trabajo, sobre todo aspectos relacionados con los efectos de los tratamientos.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases among women worldwide. Breast cancer treatment often involves surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy, treatments that can have long-term effects on women. These women who have been treated for breast cancer may face different situations when deciding to return to work, due to the fact that they may be perceived as less productive, among others. OBJECTIVE: To describe the transitions experienced by breast cancer survivors when faced with reemployment through an integrative review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: integrative review of descriptive scope, through the identification of the problem, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation of results. The search terms used were "breast neoplasms" "breast cancer" "breast cancer survivor and, or and not "return to work". The databases used were Scielo, Pubmed, Scopus, according to the inclusion criteria implemented in the literature search, 22 articles were found that complied with it. RESULTS: Themes that are related to breast cancer survivors who plan to return to work were identified, in general, a specific moment or time is not identified for the survivor to make the decision to return to work after passing the disease. CONCLUSION: It is important to generate studies where the approach to the factors associated with the return to work may have an impact on the quality of life of the surviving woman and its relationship with the return to work, especially aspects related to the effects of the treatments.

Genome Sequence of VanLee, a Singleton Actinobacteriophage That Infects Multiple Gordonia Strains.

VanLee is a singleton phage that was isolated from soil in Florida using Gordonia rubripertincta NRRL B-16540 as the host. The genome is 84,560 bp and has a GC content of 67.8%. VanLee has 164 predicted protein-coding genes and one tRNA. VanLee can infect Gordonia terrae with the same efficiency as G. rubripertincta.

Single Center Trends in Acute Coronary Syndrome Volume and Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly affected healthcare delivery across the world. In this report, we aim to further characterize the changes in cardiac catheterization at our institution, specifically in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization between December 23, 2019 and April 12, 2020 at our institution. All patients with cardiac catheterizations for ACS, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) activation, and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) were analyzed. Cardiac catheterization volume, as well as clinical and procedural characteristics of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, was compared before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Patients presenting with ACS and OHCA were similar in terms of demographics and comorbidities during both time periods. The mean monthly volume for ACS cases dropped by 26% during the pandemic, which was consistent among both unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) and STEMI cases. OHCA volume decreased significantly as well (five cases per month before to zero cases during the pandemic, P = 0.01). Among patients with STEMI, initial markers of cardiac injury, door-to-balloon time, and all-cause mortality were similar in both time periods. CONCLUSIONS: With the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in cardiac catheterization volume across the spectrum of ACS at our institution, which was consistent with reports from other centers across the globe. Patients with STEMI during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic did not seem to have delays in presentation or significant differences in all-cause mortality at our institution.

El Campo de la Discapacidad Desde la Perspectiva de los Docentes Que Cursan la Especialización en Actividad Física Adaptada y Discapa cidad Del IUACJ / The Field of Disability from the Perspective of the Teachers Enrolled in the Adapted Physical Activity and Disability Specialization Course of the IUACJ

RESUMEN: La primera edición de la especialización en actividad física adaptada y discapacidad se constituye en un hito por ser el primer posgrado de estas características en Uruguay. Esto implica pensar la formación de los docentes a partir de escenarios y poblaciones diversos. Nos planteamos analizar la formación y trayectoria laboral en el campo de la discapacidad, así como las concepciones de inclusión y discapacidad de once estudiantes que cursan el posgrado. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de la entrevista semi-estructurada. Los resultados muestran que sólo cinco docentes tienen formación previa en el área de la discapacidad y seis de ellos experiencia en el trabajo con personas con discapacidad. Todos entienden la importancia de formarse para tener herramientas que les permitan intervenir de mejor manera es sus prácticas. Las concepciones de discapacidad e inclusión muchas veces transitan por el paradigma médico rehabilitador y de educación especial, pero a pesar de ello, presentan actitudes positivas ante el reto de trabajar con la diversidad del alumnado.

ABSTRACT: The first edition of the specialization in adapted physical activity and disability is a milestone as it is the first graduate program with these characteristics in Uruguay. This implies in thinking the teacher training from different scenarios and populations. We set out to analyze the training and career path in the field of disability, as well as the inclusion and disability conceptions of eleven students who attend the graduate course. The data was collected through the semi-structured interview. Results show that only five teachers had previous formation in the area of disability and six of them had experience of working with people with disabilities. Everyone understands the importance of training to have the tools that will allow them to intervene in a better way in their practices. Conceptions of disability and inclusion often go through the medical and special education paradigm of rehabilitation, but, despite this, they present positive attitudes in relation to the challenge of working with the diversity of the students.

Tecnologia da espuma de poliuretano com prata iônica e sulfadiazina de prata: aplicabilidade em feridas cirúrgicas infectadas / Tecnología con sulfadiazina de plata y plata iónica de espuma de poliuretano: aplicación en heridas quirúrgicas infectadas / Polyurethane foam technology with ionic silver and silver sulfadiazine: applicability in infected surgical wounds

The objective of the research is to describe the healing process of infected surgical wounds with the use of polyurethane foam with ionic silver and silver sulfadiazine. This is an observational, descriptive, prospective series type of data held in a curative clinic of a public hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Four survey participants had wound infection. Data collection occurred from March to May 2016. The data collection instrument was the PUSH. The results showed that all study participants followed from beginning to end of treatment showed significant changes in relation to the size of the lesion with fast healing process, decreasing the amount of exudates and appearance of granulation and epithelial tissues. The foam showed better results by having all the properties of an ideal dressing.

O objetivo da pesquisa é descrever o processo cicatricial de feridas cirúrgicas infectadas com a utilização de espuma de poliuretano com prata iônica e sulfadiazina de prata. Trata-se de estudo observacional, descritivo, prospectivo do tipo série de dados, realizada em um ambulatório de curativos de um hospital público no município do Rio de Janeiro. Os 4 participantes da pesquisa possuíam infecção de ferida operatória. A coleta de dados ocorreu de março a maio de 2016. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi o PUSH. Os resultados evidenciaram que todos os participantes do estudo acompanhados do início ao término do tratamento apresentaram alterações significativas em relação ao tamanho da lesão com rápido processo de cicatrização, diminuição da quantidade de exsudato e surgimento dos tecidos de granulação e epitelial. A espuma apresentou melhores resultados por apresentar todas as propriedades de um curativo ideal.

El objetivo de la investigación es para describer el proceso de curación de las heridas quirúrgicas infectadas con el uso de espuma de poliuretano conplata iónica y sulfadiazina de plata. Se trata de un tipo prospectivo observacional, descriptivo, serie de los datos contenidos en una clínica curativa de un hospital público en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. 4 participantes de la encuesta habían infección de la herida. Los datos fueron recolectados entre marzo y mayo de 2016. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue el empujón. Los resultados mostraron que todos los participantes en el estudio seguido de principio a fin del tratamiento mostraron cambios significativos en relación con el tamaño de la lesión con proceso de curación rápida, disminuyendo la cantidad de exudado y la apariencia de la granulación y tejidos epiteliales. La espuma mostró mejores resultados al tener todas las propiedades de un apósito ideal.

Os trabalhadores de enfermagem e a prática de adaptar e improvisar no ambiente hospitalar / Nursing workers and the practice of adapting and improvising in the hospital environment

Objetiva-se descrever as adaptações e improvisações de materiais e equipamentos criadas no ambiente hospitalar pelos trabalhadores; e discutir as concepções da prática das adaptações e improvisações para o processo laboral da enfermagem, na perspectiva dos trabalhadores. Pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, desenvolvida em um hospital público do Rio de Janeiro, cujos participantes foram vinte trabalhadores de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e observação sistemática, e analisados à luz da análise temática de conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram várias adaptações e improvisações, que aconteciam devido a um contexto de precarização. Esta prática visa assegurar que o processo laboral da enfermagem transcorra e que o cuidado seja prestado. As adaptações e improvisações de material resulta em contradições para o trabalho de enfermagem, pois na medida em que garante que o cuidado seja prestado, pode comprometer a qualidade da assistência e a saúde dos trabalhadores

Aimed to describe the adaptations and improvisations of materials and equipment created in the hospital environment by the nursing workers; and discuss the conceptions of the adaptations and improvisations practice for the nursing work process, from the perspective of the workers. Descriptive qualitative research, developed in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, whose participants were twenty nursing workers. Data were collected through semi-structured interview and systematic observation, and analyzed in light of the thematic content analysis. The results revealed several adaptations and improvisations, which happened due to a context of precariousness. This practice aims to ensure that the nursing work process takes place and that care is provided. The adaptations and improvisations of material results in contradictions to the nursing work, because to the extent that it ensures that care is provided, it can compromise the quality of care and the workers' health

Análise das dissertações de mestrado em enfermagem da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Analysis of the dissertations of master's degree in nursing of State University of Rio de Janeiro / Análisis de las disertaciones de maestría del postgrado en enfermería de la Universidad del Estado del Rio de Janeiro

Objetivo: identificar a tendência temática e metodológica das dissertações do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, período 2000-2014. Método: estudo bibliométrico, quantitativo, realizado em 2014/2015, com aplicação de roteiro estruturado. O conjunto amostral foi organizado com 301 dissertações, analisadas com auxílio da estatística descritiva. O material pesquisado é de domínio público, disponibilizado online e na biblioteca setorial da instituição. Resultados: as dissertações utilizaram estudos descritivos - 258 (64,2%); técnica de entrevista - 175 (49,7%); técnica de análise de conteúdo - 191 (58,2%); enfoque temático na área de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva - 114 (38,0%); estavam inseridas na linha de pesquisa Saberes, Políticas e Práticas em Saúde Coletiva e Enfermagem - 109 (36,2%). Conclusão: a análise da produção científica evidenciou que os autores priorizaram temáticas na área de saúde coletiva e dos fundamentos do cuidar em enfermagem em estudos qualitativos, sinalizando uma tendência específica do Programa analisado.

Objective: to identify thematic and methodological trends in dissertations of the Postgraduate Nursing Program at Rio de Janeiro State University from 2000-2014. Method: this quantitative, bibliometric study collected data in 2014-2015 by applying a structured script. The study sample comprised 301 dissertations, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study material is public domain, available online and in institution's library. Results: the dissertations used descriptive study ­ 258 (64.2%); interviews ­ 175 (49.7%); content analysis ­ 191 (58.2%); thematic focus on Nursing in Collective Health ­ 114 (38.0%) and formed part of the line of research in Knowledge, Policy and Practice in Collective Health and Nursing 109 (36.2%). Conclusion: analysis of the scientific production showed that the authors prioritized qualitative studies of themes in the areas of collective health and the fundamentals of nursing care, signaling one specific trend in the program considered.

Objetivo: identificar las tendencias temáticas y metodológicas de las disertaciones del Programa de Postgrado en Enfermería de la Universidad del Estado de Río de Janeiro período 2000-2014. Método: estudio bibliométrico, cuantitativa y los datos se recogieron 2014/2015, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado. El material estuvo compuesta por 301 disertaciones y analizados con el uso de la estadística descriptiva. El material investigado es de dominio público, disponible en línea y en la biblioteca de la institución. Resultados: disertaciones se caracterizaron por los estudios descriptivos - 258(64,2%); técnica de la entrevista - 175(49,7%); técnica de análisis de contenido - 191(58,2%); enfoque temático en Enfermería en Salud Pública - 114(38,0%); y se insertaron en la línea de Investigación, Políticas y Prácticas en Enfermería de Salud Comunitaria 109(36,2%) Conocimiento. Conclusión: análisis de la producción científica mostró que los autores priorizaram temáticas en el área de la salud pública y los motivos de los cuidados de enfermería en los estudios cualitativos que indican un programa de análisis de tendencias específicas.

Genetic diversity of HPV16 and HPV18 in Brazilian patients with invasive cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women, and ∼70-80% of these cancers are associated with two human papillomavirus types: HPV16 and HPV18. Several studies have reported that intra-type diversity is associated with the progression of infection to invasive cancer. Herein, we report the genetic diversity of HPV16 and HPV18 in a cohort of 594 Brazilian women with invasive cervical cancer and describe the prevalence of lineages and intra-type diversity prior to the implementation of the public immunization program in Brazil. HPV detection and genotyping were performed using PCR, PGMY/GP primers, and DNA extracted from fresh tumors. The HPV16 (378 women) and HPV18 (80 women) lineages were identified by PCR and sequencing of the LCR and E6 fragments, followed by SNV comparison and phylogenetic analysis. In our cohort, was found a higher frequency of the lineage A (in 217 women), followed by lineage D (in 97 women) and lineages B and C (in 10 women each) for HPV16; and a higher frequency of lineage A (in 56 women) followed by lineage B (in 15 women) in HPV18. The genetic diversity of HPV16 indicated a recent expansion of specific variants or a selective advantage that is associated with invasive cancer; this pattern was not observed for HPV18.

Produção de conhecimento acerca das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis na população jovem: pesquisa bibliométrica / La producción de conocimientos acerca de enfermedades de transmisión sexual en los jóvenes: una investigación bibliométrica / The production of knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases in young people: a bibliometric research

Objective: Identifying and characterizing the scientific production of nurses related to young people's vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study (2009-2013), of type bibliometric research, conducted through the search of publications on the Health Virtual Library and the catalog of theses and dissertations of Brazilian Association of Nursing. The sample consisted of 40 articles, 05 theses and 05 dissertations. Results: The most of the publications were carried out by nurses’ teachers with doctoral degree. The theme of HIV/aids, focus of health education, field research and qualitative analysis of the findings had greater representativeness in the sample analyzed. Conclusion: Although STD have been manifested in young people and the Health Ministry of Brazil showing the increased incidence of HIV/aids in this group, the scientific literature on the subject in the studied timeframe is irregular and reduced.

Objetivo: Identificar e caracterizar a produção científica de enfermeiros relacionada à vulnerabilidade dos jovens às Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Método: Estudo descritivo de recorte transversal (2009-2014), do tipo bibliométrico realizado na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e no Catálogo de Teses e dissertações da ABEn. A amostra foi constituída por 40 artigos, 05 teses e 05 dissertações. Resultados: Os achados evidenciam que a maioria das publicações foi realizada por enfermeiros docentes com titulação de doutorado. A temática do HIV/Aids, o enfoque da educação para a saúde, a pesquisa de campo e a análise qualitativa dos achados tiveram maior representatividade no conjunto amostral analisado. Conclusão: Embora as DST se manifestem na população jovem e documentos do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil evidenciem o aumento da incidência do HIV/aids neste contingente populacional, produção científica acerca do tema no recorte temporal estudado é irregular e reduzida.

Objetivo: Identificar y caracterizar la producción científica de enfermería relacionada con la vulnerabilidad de los jóvenes con enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Método: Es un estudio descriptivo de tipo bibliométrico (2009-2013), de corte transversal realizado en la Biblioteca Virtual de salud y en el catálogo de tesis y disertaciones de la Asociación Brasileña de enfermería. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 40 artículos, 05 tesis y 05 disertaciones. Resultados: La mayoría de las publicaciones se llevó a cabo por enfermeras docentes con grado de doctorado. El tema del VIH/SIDA, el enfoque de educación para la salud, la investigación de campo y análisis cualitativo de los resultados tuvieron mayor representatividad en la muestra analizada. Conclusión: Aunque las enfermedades de transmisión sexual si manifiestan en los jóvenes y los documentos del Ministerio de salud de Brasil demostra el aumento de la incidencia de VIH/SIDA en esta población, la literatura científica acerca del tema en el período estudiado es irregular y reducido.

Wide complex tachycardia after bupropion overdose.

Here we describe a wide complex tachycardia after bupropion overdose that was responsive to sodium bicarbonate. This rhythm was likely secondary to bupropion-induced sodium channel blockade and corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation. It is critical for the emergency medicine physician to recognize that a wide complex rhythm in a patient with bupropion overdose may be secondary to sodium channel toxicity and prolonged QTc as this rhythm may be responsive to sodium bicarbonate. Identifying this rhythm as purely ventricular tachycardia can lead to the administration of medications such as amiodarone that may further prolong QTc and contribute to sodium channel blockade, exacerbating bupropion-induced cardiotoxicity.

Optimization and technological development strategies of an antimicrobial extract from Achyrocline alata assisted by statistical design.

Achyrocline alata, known as Jateí-ka-há, is traditionally used to treat several health problems, including inflammations and infections. This study aimed to optimize an active extract against Streptococcus mutans, the main bacteria that causes caries. The extract was developed using an accelerated solvent extraction and chemometric calculations. Factorial design and response surface methodologies were used to determine the most important variables, such as active compound selectivity. The standardized extraction recovered 99% of the four main compounds, gnaphaliin, helipyrone, obtusifolin and lepidissipyrone, which represent 44% of the extract. The optimized extract of A. alata has a MIC of 62.5 µg/mL against S. mutans and could be used in mouth care products.

Gender- and sex-specific sports-related injury research in emergency medicine: a consensus on future research direction and focused application.

Title IX, the commercialization of sports, the social change in sports participation, and the response to the obesity epidemic have contributed to the rapid proliferation of participation in both competitive organized sports and nontraditional athletic events. As a consequence, emergency physicians are regularly involved in the acute diagnosis, management, disposition, and counseling of a broad range of sports-related pathology. Three important and highly publicized mechanisms of injury in sports relevant to emergency medicine (EM) include concussion, heat illness, and sudden cardiac death. In conjunction with the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference "Gender-specific Research in Emergency Care: Investigate, Understand, and Translate How Gender Affects Patient Outcomes," a consensus group consisting of experts in EM, emergency neurology, sports medicine, and public health convened to deliberate and develop research questions that could ultimately advance the field of sports medicine and allow for meaningful application in the emergency department (ED) clinical setting. Sex differences in injury risk, diagnosis, ED treatment, and counseling are identified in each of these themes. This article presents the consensus-based priority research agenda.

Characterization of electrocardiogram changes throughout a marathon.

PURPOSE: There are few data examining cardiovascular physiology throughout a marathon. This study was devised to characterize electrocardiographic activity continuously throughout a marathon. METHODS: Cardiac activity was recorded from 19 subjects wearing a Holter monitor during a marathon. The 19 subjects (14 men and 5 women) were aged 39 ± 16 years (mean ± SD) and completed a marathon in 4:32:16 ± 1:23:35. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), T-wave amplitude, T-wave amplitude variability, and T-wave alternans (TWA) were evaluated continuously throughout the marathon. RESULTS: Averaged across all subjects, HRV, T-wave amplitude variability, and TWA increased throughout the marathon. Increased variability in T-wave amplitude occurred in 86 % of subjects, characterized by complex oscillatory patterns and TWA. Three min after the marathon, HR was elevated and HRV was suppressed relative to the pre-marathon state. CONCLUSION: HRV and T-wave amplitude variability, especially in the form of TWA, increase throughout a marathon. Increasing TWA as a marathon progresses likely represents a physiologic process as no arrhythmias or cardiac events were observed.

In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of Achyrocline alata (Kunth) DC.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Achyrocline alata is a locally marketed (Mato Grosso do Sul/ Brazil) herb used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory and a sedative. Evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of Achyrocline alata in both in vivo and in vitro models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hydroethanolic extract from inflorescences of Achyrocline alata (HEAa) was characterized by HPLC-DAD and compared to standards (chlorogenic acid; isoquercetrin; quercetin; 4,2',4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone; gnaphalin; 3-O-methyl-quercetin; 3,5-dicaffeoyl-quinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoyl-quinic acid). The in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of the HEAa (4, 20 and 100 mg/kg, per os) were evaluated using the following animal models: carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, carrageenan-induced vascular permeability and peritonitis in mice and an acetic acid-induced writhing model to test antihyperalgesic activity in mice. In vitro assays were performed to study the effects of the HEAa (0.16, 0.8 and 4 mg/ml) on the cell viability, cell spreading and production of NO and H2O2 in stimulated macrophages. RESULTS: The A. alata extract inhibited the development of edema and vascular permeability, reduced polymorphonuclear cell recruitment in the acute peritonitis assay and decreased the amount of writhing induced by acetic acid. The HEAa did not increase NO/H2O2 production, while it did inhibit production when the macrophages were stimulated by LPS or PMA at all tested concentrations. In the presence of HEAa, macrophage spreading did not increase even after stimulation with LPS. Additionally, the HEAa was nontoxic to macrophages at all tested concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The HEAa displayed anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects, which supports the use of this plant in folk medicine. These effects might be due to the flavonoids and phenylpropanoids derivatives present in the HEAa.

Recognition and treatment of exertional heat illness at a marathon race.

Exertional heat illness is rarely encountered by individual EMS providers but can be common in certain settings and events. The notion that significantly altered mental status must accompany elevated core temperature in heat illness may delay recognition and treatment. We report on a series of marathon and half-marathon runners who suffered exertional heat illness during a marathon race in relatively mild conditions. Altered mental status was not uniformly present. All patients were treated in the finish line medical tent and responded well to cooling. More than half were discharged from the medical tent without being transported to the hospital. This case series demonstrates that many runners respond to early identification and treatment of exertional heat illness. Significant preparation is required by the medical providers to handle the rapid influx of patients at the conclusion of the event.

Correlações entre parâmetros aeróbios e desempenho em esforços intermitentes de alta intensidade / Relationship between aerobic parameters and intermittent high-intensity effort performance

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as possíveis correlações entre parâmetros provenientes de um esforço intermitente de alta intensidade (RAST) e variáveis relacionadas ao metabolismo aeróbio (limiar anaeróbio; LAN, consumo máximo de oxigênio;VO2MAX e intensidade correspondente ao VO2MAX;iVO2MAX). Oito jogadores de futebol (16±1 anos) participaram do estudo. Os atletas foram submetidos a um teste progressivo para a determinação dos índices aeróbios e a seis esforços máximos de 35m separados por 10s de recuperação (RAST). As variáveis do RAST não foram correlacionadas ao VO2MAX e ao LAN. Entretanto, as potência média absoluta e relativa ao peso corporal, apresentaram correlações significativas com a iVO2MAX (r=0,79 e r= 0,85, respectivamente). O índice de fadiga e a potência pico relativa também foram significativamente correlacionados com a iVO2MAX (r=-0,57 e r=0,73, respectivamente). Pode-se concluir que em esforços como o RAST, com breves períodos de recuperação, a única variável aeróbia correlacionada ao desempenho foi a iVO2MAX.

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between intermittent high-intensity efforts (RAST) parameters and variables related to aerobic metabolism (anaerobic threshold; LAN, maximal oxygen uptake; VO2MAX and velocity correspondent to VO2MAX;iVO2MAX). Eight under-17 (U17) soccer players (16±1 years) participated in the study. The participants were submitted to a graded exercise test and six maximal sprints of 35m with 10 seconds of passive recovery between each effort (RAST). The RAST parameters were not significant correlated with VO-2MAX and LAN. However absolute and relative mean power were significantly correlated with iVO2MAX (r=0.79 e r= 0.85, respectively). Furthermore, the fatigue index and the relative peak power were significantly correlated with the iVO2MAX (r=-0,57 e r=0,73, respectively). In conclusion, the only aerobic variable correlated with performance in consecutive efforts with brief recovery periods, such as RAST, is iVO2MAX.

Comparação da potência anaeróbia mensurada pelo teste de RAST em diferentes condições de calçado e superfícies / Comparison of the anaerobic power measured by the RAST test at different footwear and surfaces conditions

INTRODUÇÃO: O Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) tem sido considerado um teste válido para avaliação anaeróbia. Entretanto, como a superfície e o calçado podem afetar alguns parâmetros mensurados durante o exercício, isso pode modificar os parâmetros do RAST. OBJETIVO: Comparar as variáveis do RAST mensuradas utilizando chuteiras na grama (RAST CG) e tênis na pista (RAST TP). MÉTODOS: Oito jogadores de futebol (da categoria sub-17) participaram do estudo. Os participantes realizaram dois RAST (intervalo > 24 h). O RAST consistiu em seis corridas máximas de 35m com 10s de intervalo passivo entre cada corrida. O tempo de cada esforço foi registrado para determinação da potência pico (PP), potência média (PM) e índice de fadiga (IF). Após o sexto esforço, amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas para determinação da lactacidemia ([Lac]). RESULTADOS: Durante o RAST TP, a PP (763,1 ± 87,2 W) e PM (621,6 ± 68,1 W) foram significativamente superiores às PP e PM mensuradas em RAST CG (PP = 667,3 ± 67,0 W e PM = 555,9 ± 74,7 W), enquanto que as [Lac] observadas em RAST TP (7,3 ± 1,8 mmol.L-1) foram significativamente inferiores às mensuradas em RAST CG (9,9 ± 3,2 mmol.L-1). No entanto, o IF não foi significativamente diferente (RAST TP = 32,5 ± 8,3%; RAST CG = 34,1 ± 6,6%). Significativas correlações foram observadas entre as PM (r = 0,90) e as [Lac] (r = 0,72). CONCLUSÃO: Podemos concluir que as variáveis do RAST são influenciadas pela superfície e calçado utilizados, com valores superiores observados em RAST TP.

INTRODUCTION: Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) has been considered a valid test for anaerobic evaluation. However, since the floor surfaces and footwear can affect some outcomes measured during exercise, this also can modify the RAST outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Was to compare the RAST outcomes measured using soccer cleats on grass (RAST SCG) and using shoes on the track (RAST ST). METHODS: Eight young male soccer players (under-17 category; 16±1 years) participated in the study. The subjects performed two RAST on different days (recovery > 24h). The RAST test consisted of six 35-meter maximal running performance with a 10-second recovery between each run. Running time during each effort was recorded to determine peak power (PP), mean power (MP) and fatigue index (FI); and blood samples were collected after each test to determine lactatemia ([Lac]). RESULTS: PP (763.1 ± 87.2 W) and MP (621.6 ± 68.1 W) were higher in RAST ST than RAST SCG (PP = 667.3 ± 67.0 W e PM = 555.9 ± 74.7 W), while [Lac] measured during RAST ST (7.3 ± 1.8 mmol.L-1) was lower than the one measured in RAST SCG (9.9 ± 3.2 mmol.L-1). However, the FI did not statistically differ (RAST ST = 32.5 ± 8.3%; RAST SCG = 34.1 ± 6.6%). Significant correlations were observed between MP values (r = 0.90) and [Lac] values (r = 0.72). CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the RAST variables are affected by floor surface and footwear, with higher values being observed during RAST ST condition.