ABSTRACT
We identified a cluster of extensively drug-resistant, carbapenemase gene-positive, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CP-CRAB) at a teaching hospital in Kansas City. Extensively drug-resistant CRAB was identified from eight patients and 3% of environmental cultures. We used patient cohorting and targeted environmental disinfection to stop transmission. After implementation of these measures, no additional cases were identified.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections , Acinetobacter baumannii , Cross Infection , Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy , Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology , Acinetobacter Infections/prevention & control , Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Disease Outbreaks , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Hospitals, Community , Humans , Kansas/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , beta-Lactamases/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Infection with parechovirus type 3 (PeV3) can cause severe neurologic and sepsis-like illness in young infants; clinical and epidemiologic descriptions have been limited. We aimed to characterize PeV3 illness and explore risk factors for acquisition in a cluster of neonatal cases at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri. METHODS: Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were obtained from infants aged <180 days who were hospitalized with sepsis-like illness or meningitis between June 1 and November 1, 2014. PeV-positive specimens were sequenced at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We reviewed the medical and birth charts of the infants and performed face-to-face parent interviews. We analyzed characteristics according to infant age and intensive care admission status. RESULTS: We identified 35 cases of PeV infection in infants aged 5 to 56 days. Seven infants required intensive care (median age, 11 days vs 27 days among those who did not require intensive care; P = .0044). Six of these 7 infants had neurologic manifestations consistent with seizures, and all 6 of them were treated with acyclovir but subsequently tested negative for herpes simplex virus. Virus sequences formed 2 lineages, both of which were associated with severe illness. Half of the infants were reported to have household contacts who were ill during the week before onset. Infants aged ≤7 days at onset were more likely to have been delivered at the same hospital. CONCLUSIONS: PeV3 can cause severe neurologic illness in neonates, and younger infants are more likely to require intensive care. PeV3 should be considered along with herpes simplex virus and other pathogens when evaluating young infants with sepsis-like illness or meningitis. More widespread testing for PeV3 would enable us to gain a better understanding of the clinical scope and circulation of this virus.
Subject(s)
Meningitis, Viral/diagnosis , Meningitis, Viral/epidemiology , Parechovirus , Picornaviridae Infections/diagnosis , Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology , Sepsis/diagnosis , Sepsis/epidemiology , Critical Care , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Meningitis, Viral/therapy , Meningitis, Viral/virology , Missouri/epidemiology , Parechovirus/classification , Parechovirus/genetics , Phylogeny , Picornaviridae Infections/therapy , Picornaviridae Infections/virology , Sepsis/drug therapy , Sepsis/virologyABSTRACT
A vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) isolated from the blood of a 46-year-old patient with endocarditis was determined to be pulsed-field type USA300, daptomycin nonsusceptible, and positive for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes. Development of the VISA phenotype does not appear limited to traditional health care strains of S. aureus.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Vancomycin/pharmacology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/blood , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Staphylococcal Infections/blood , Staphylococcus aureus/classificationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Between September and December 2003, an outbreak of pertussis occurred in Cass County, MO, mostly among adolescent school children. METHODS: We conducted a 1:2 matched case-control study among school children and used conditional logistic regression to evaluate risk factors for pertussis, including the total number of vaccine doses received, age at administration of each dose of vaccine and the type of vaccine (whole cell or acellular). RESULTS: Of all 127 pertussis cases reported in this outbreak, the majority were adolescents (10-19 years of age, 50%) and adults (20 years or older, 22%); only 10% were infants and children less than 5 years of age. Because the focus of our investigation was on school-aged children, we enrolled 237 students (79 cases and 158 controls) in our study. Students missing at least one dose of the vaccine had higher risk for pertussis than those who received all 5 doses (odds ratio [OR], 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-4.77). Early administration of the fifth dose of the vaccine at age 4 years was significantly associated with risk for pertussis compared with vaccination at age 5 years (adjusted OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.16-5.16). A short time interval (<36 months) between the fourth and fifth doses of the vaccine also tended to increase the risk for pertussis, although this association was not statistically significant. The type of vaccine was not a significant risk factor. CONCLUSION: Administering all 5 doses of pertussis vaccine and the fifth dose at age 5 years with at least 36 months between the fourth and fifth doses provided the best protection against pertussis among children and adolescents in this outbreak.