Bioaccumulation of metals in Spartina alterniflora salt marshes in the estuary of the World's Largest Choked Lagoon.

Salt marshes are capable of mitigating metal pollution in coastal environments, yet the efficacy of this remediation is contingent upon various environmental factors and the plant species involved. This study investigates the influence of different anthropogenic activities, including industrial, urban, recreational (in an insular area), and dredging operations, on the bioaccumulation of eight metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) within Spartina alterniflora Loisel. in the Patos Lagoon estuary, Brazil. The research aims to assess the pattern of metal bioaccumulation and distribution within the plant's leaves, stems, and roots while also examining metal presence in the sediment. Our main findings reveal that S. alterniflora exhibited elevated metal levels in its plant structure directly related with the metal concentrations in the surrounding sediment, which, in turn, is related to the different anthropogenic activities. The industrial area presented the highest metal levels in sediment and plant sections, followed by dredging, insular, and urban areas. This same pattern was mirrored for the bioconcetration factors (BCF), with the BCFs consistently indicating active metal bioaccumulation across all areas and for most of the metals. This provides evidence of the metal bioaccumulation pattern in S. alterniflora, with elevated BCFs in areas affected by activities with a higher degree of impact. Translocation factors (TF) showed varying metal mobility patterns within the plant's below-ground and above-ground sections across the different areas, with only Hg exhibiting consistent translocation across all study areas. Zn was the primary metal contributor in all plant sections, followed by Pb and Cu. It is worth noting that Pb is a non-essential metal for this plant, highlighting the relationship between elevated Pb contributions in the plant sections and the bioaccumulation of this metal within the plant's structure. Overall, this study emphasizes the bioaccumulation capacity of S. alterniflora and elucidate the intrinsic connection between different anthropogenic activities and their impact on the resultant availability and bioaccumulation of metals by this salt marsh plant.

Perfil profissional dos egressos do curso de Odontologia de uma universidade do interior da Bahia / Perfil profesional de los egresados de la carrera de Odontología en una universidad del interior de Bahía / Professional profile of the dentistry school graduates from a university in the interior of the state of Bahia

O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer o perfil profissional dos egressos do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia e o grau de satisfação em relação ao âmbito de trabalho. Foi realizado um estudo quali-quantitativo e transversal por meio de questionário onlineautoaplicável enviado por meio das redes sociais para os cirurgiões-dentistas que colaram grau entre 2009 e 2020. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados em planilha Excel e submetidos à análise descritiva e ao teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson com nível de significância de 5%. Quando a frequência esperada foi menor que cinco (n<5), utilizou-se o teste exato de Fisher. Para a questão discursiva foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Dos 383 egressos, 124 (32%) participaram da pesquisa. Observou-se que 74,2% são do sexo feminino e 44,6% realizaram especialização. A maioria (84,6%) se inseriu no mercado de trabalho em até um mês após a formatura e atuavam como profissional liberal (30,2%). Houve diferença significativa quando associadas as variáveis satisfação com a profissão e valorização financeira. A insegurança em atuar na profissão foi relacionada a não ter mais a supervisão do docente. Ademais, foram apontadas pouca exploração nos conteúdos de gestão e empreendedorismo durante a graduação. Conclui-se que os egressos conseguiram uma rápida inserção no mercado de trabalho após a colação de grau e que um elevado percentual dos cirurgiões-dentistas se sente satisfeito com a profissão (AU).

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender el perfil profesional de los egresados de la Carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Estadual del Suroeste de Bahía y el grado de satisfacción en relación al ámbito de trabajo. Se realizóun estudio cuali-cuantitativo y transversal mediante un cuestionario en línea autoadministrado enviado a través de redes sociales a cirujanos dentistas egresados entre 2009 y 2020. Los datos obtenidos fueron tabulados en una hoja de cálculo Excel y sometidos a análisis descriptivo y prueba de Pearson. chi-cuadrado con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Cuando la frecuencia esperada fue menor de cinco (n<5), se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher. Para la pregunta discursiva se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido propuesta por Bardin. De los 383 graduados, 124 (32%) participaron de la investigación. Se observó que el 74,2% son mujeres y el 44,6% completó la especialización. La mayoría (84,6%) ingresó al mercado laboral dentro del mes posterior a su graduación y trabajó como profesionales independientes (30,2%). Hubo diferencia significativa cuando se asociaron las variables satisfacción con la profesión y apreciación financiera. La inseguridad en el trabajo en la profesión estaba relacionada con la falta de supervisión docente. Además, se destacó poca exploración de contenidos de gestión y emprendimiento durante la graduación. Se concluye que los egresados lograron insertarse rápidamente al mercado laboral luego de graduarse y que un alto porcentaje de los cirujanos dentistas se sienten satisfechos con su profesión (AU).

The objective of this study was to review the profile of the Dentistry School graduates from a State University in Southwest Bahia and the degree of satisfaction in relation to their work. A qualitative-quantitative and cross-sectional study was carried out using an online self-administered questionnaire forwarded through the social networks WhatsApp and Instagram to dental surgeons who graduated between 2009 and 2020. The data obtained were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet and subjected to descriptive analysis and Pearson's Chi-square test with a significance level of 5%. For the open-ended question, the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin was used. Out of the 383 graduates, 124 (32%) participated in the survey. The majority (84.6%) entered the job market within one month after graduation and had been working as independent professionals (30.2%). There was a significant difference with regard to job satisfaction and financial appreciation. The insecurity in the professional endeavor was associated with the fact that a teacher's guidance was no more available. Furthermore, little exploration of management and entrepreneurship matters had been addressed during the graduation course. It is concluded that graduates were able to quickly enter the job market after graduating and that extracurricular activities are crucial in guiding their future profession and in contributing to professional qualification (AU).

Pointing out geographic and gender disparities related to productivity indicators among Brazilian ecotoxicologists.

Policies and actions related to diversity, equity, and inclusion have been discussed recently in Brazil, but there is still limited information available for most academic and knowledge fields, including ecotoxicology. This study aimed to describe the profile of Brazilian ecotoxicologists and assess gender and geographical disparities, especially regarding productivity indicators. An ecological study was conducted using data of the researchers registered in the open-access database of the Brazilian Society of Ecotoxicology, along with their respective curriculum data available on the Lattes Platform, which is the main registry portal for Brazilian researchers. The target population of our study was ecotoxicology researchers in academic educational institutions with a focus on human resource training. The data, collected in 2021, led to the inclusion of a total of 177 researchers in this study, with 62 men and 115 women, and 42.37% working in the southeastern region. Female researchers generally showed lower rates of scientific productivity when the analyzed metrics included research productivity scholarships, the number of articles published in scientific journals, and the number of articles published with international collaborations, compared to male researchers. Researchers from the southeastern and southern regions also had higher rates of productivity and human resource training compared to those from other regions of the country. The proportion of funding grants received was significantly higher among men, and this profile was also observed among researchers from the southern and southeastern regions, although with a smaller disparity. This means that there is an uneven distribution of funding grants from funding organizations, which favors men and urban centers. Our findings highlight gender and geographic disparities in the scientific production of ecotoxicologists working in Brazil and reinforce the existence of complex obstacles that need to be addressed and combated within scientific societies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1209-1216. © 2024 SETAC.

O YouTube oferece uma fonte confiável de informação sobre bráquetes autoligados? / Does YouTube offer a reliable source of information about self-ligating braces?

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar e analisar as informações acerca do tema bráquetes autoligados publicados na plataforma YouTube. Realizou-se busca na plataforma entre os dias 10 e 15 de janeiro de 2022 com o intuito de identificar os vídeos mais relevantes utilizando-se o termo "bráquete autoligado". Atribuiu-se um critério de 7 pontos para classificar os vídeos como satisfatórios e insatisfatórios. Uma escala global de qualidade (QGS) foi utilizada para examinar a qualidade dos vídeos. Para avaliar a confiabilidade, foi utilizado um questionário adaptado do DISCERN de 5 questões. Foram convidados dois ortodontistas experientes na área para avaliarem os vídeos, correlacionar e, posteriormente, comparar as informações. Inicialmente foram encontrados 100 vídeos e, após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, chegou--se a 27 vídeos. A maioria das mídias foram criadas por ortodontistas. Os vídeos criados por generalistas obtiveram melhor escore e também houve diferença significativa no número de comentários e taxa de interação p<0,05. Não foi observada diferença entre os escores e a origem dos vídeos p>0,05. A média do escore GQS foi de 2,25, do DISCERN 1,18, e 19 vídeos foram classificados como suficientes e 8 vídeos como insuficientes. Concluiu-se que a maioria dos vídeos não exibiu uma fonte confiável de informação e a origem das mídias não influenciou os resultados dos critérios de conteúdos nem de confiabilidade.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the information on the subject of self-ligating brackets published on the YouTube platform. A search was carried out on the platform between January 10 and 15, 2022 in order to identify the most relevant videos using the term "self-ligating bracket". A criterion of 7 points was assigned to classify the videos as satisfactory and unsatisfactory. A global quality scale (QGS) was used to examine the quality of the videos. To assess reliability, an adapted 5-question DISCERN questionnaire was used. Two experienced orthodontists in the field were invited to evaluate the videos, correlate and later compare the information. Initially, 100 videos were found and, after applying the exclusion criteria, 27 videos were reached. Most media were created by orthodontists. Videos created by generalists had a better score and there was also a significant difference in the number of comments and interaction rate p<0.05. No difference was observed between the scores and the origin of the videos p>0.05. The average GQS score was 2.25, from DISCERN 1.18, and 19 videos were classified as sufficient and 8 videos as insufficient. It was concluded that most videos did not show a reliable source of information and the origin of the media did not influence the results of the content or reliability criteria(AU)

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Cutting Scalpel Blades After Use and leaning by Different Methods / Avaliação da Efetividade do Corte de Lâminas de Bisturi Após Uso e Limpeza Por Diferentes Métodos

When performing incisions during oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, the surgeon requires a blade that ensures precise cuts which reduce unnecessary tissue injuries. After searching the literature, we realized that there is a lack of studies that assesses scalpel blades for dental use. Herein, this study aims to assess the cutting power of new scalpel blades after cleaning with different methods. Sixty sterile scalpel blades were divided into seven groups: I) new blade; II) the second insertion; III) blade cleaned with gauze; IV) blade cleaned with gauze and saline; V) blade cleaned with saline; VI) blade cleaned with cotton, and VII) blade cleaned with cotton and saline. A universal testing machine (Osvaldo Filizola, São Paulo, Brazil) was used for the insertion and measurement of the shear strength. The results revealed that cleaning the blade with gauze and saline was the method that had the greatest loss of the cutting capability. The reinsertion of the scalpel blade without any type of cleaning or the cleaning of the blade with cotton and saline were the methods that obtained the best result, which did not compromise the mechanical properties of the tested material. This study concludes that cleaning methods affect the cutting power of scalpel blade

Na execução dos procedimentos cirúrgicos bucais e maxilofaciais o operador, ao realizar incisões, necessita de uma lâmina que garanta um corte preciso, diminuindo lesões desnecessárias aos tecidos. Ao fazer uma busca na literatura, constatou-se carência de estudos que avaliassem lâminas de bisturi de uso odontológico. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o poder de corte de lâminas de bisturi novas e após limpeza com diferentes métodos. Sessenta lâminas de bisturi estéreis foram divididas em sete grupos: I) lâmina nova; II) segunda inserção; III) lâmina limpa com gaze; IV) lâmina limpa com gaze e soro; V) lâmina limpa com soro; VI) lâmina limpa com algodão e VII) lâmina limpa com algodão e soro. Para inserção e aferição da resistência ao corte utilizou-se uma máquina de ensaio universal (Osvaldo Filizola, São Paulo, Brasil). Os resultados revelaram que a limpeza da lâmina com gaze e soro fisiológico foi o método que teve maior perda de corte. Já a reinserção da lâmina de bisturi sem quaisquer tipos de limpeza ou a limpeza da lâmina com algodão e soro foram as que obtiveram melhor resultado, não comprometendo as propriedades mecânicas do material testado. Conclui-se, com a realização desse estudo, que os métodos de limpeza afetam o poder de corte das lâminas de bisturi.

Charge effect of water-soluble porphyrin derivatives as a prototype to fight infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii by aPDT approaches.

In the last decade, Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a pathogen associated with infections in intensive care units worldwide, especially due to its ability to resist an extensive list of antibiotics. In this context, porphyrins have emerged as an important strategy in photodynamic therapy, since they are a group of tetrapyrrolic compounds with important photochemical and photobiological activities. In this study, the antimicrobial photodynamic activity of meso-tetra(4-N-methyl-pyridyl)porphyrin (H2TMePyP+) and meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (H2TPPS‒) was evaluated against A. baumannii by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), anti-biofilm activity, and the interaction with antibiotics after exposure to white-light LED irradiation. The cationic derivative H2TMePyP+ was more potent (MIC = 0.61 µM) than H2TPPS‒, with anti-biofilm activity and increased the antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin and amikacin. Given these findings, the tetra-cationic porphyrins can be assumed as prototypes to optimize and develop new agents by promoting oxidative stress and inducing free radical production.

Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 vaccination: Description of a series of 39 cases in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: Describe a case series of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) after COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil that included ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Ad26.COV2.S and BNT162b2 vaccines, describing their clinical and laboratory characteristics. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive case series study using Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz/AstraZeneca Brazil and National Immunization Program/Ministry of Health (NIP/MoH) data on COVID-19 AEFI surveillance. We obtained patient-level data from pharmacovigilance for AEFI surveillance and used both the NIP/MoH and Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz pharmacovigilance databases to create the study database. Thirty-nine cases of suspect VITT were included, 36 after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, one after BNT162b2 and two after Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. All cases were based on meeting the Brighton Collaboration criteria for VITT. The primary outcomes were clinical and laboratory features, site of thrombosis, and anti-PF4 ELISA, when available. RESULTS: Thirty-nine cases met the criteria, 38 of which were classified as level 1 and one as level 3 according to Brighton Collaboration. Most cases had the central nervous system (CNS) as the main site of thrombosis (21/39) and happened after the vaccine first dose (34/39). The median age of the cases was 41 years old (23 to 86 yo). Most of the cases (61.5%) occurred in women. The median interval between vaccination and onset of symptoms was 8 days (0-37 days). The platelet count and D-dimer count had median values of 34,000/µL and 19,235 µg FEU/L, respectively. The ELISA anti-PF4 antibody was positive in 18 samples. The overall mortality rate was 51% and was higher in cases of CNS thrombosis with intracerebral bleeding. CONCLUSION: Our case series shows that Brazilian VITT cases have similar clinical and laboratory profiles as demonstrated in the literature. Brazil has administered more than 300 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines (more than 110 million from ChAdOx1 nCoV-19). VITT seems to be a very rare but serious adverse event following COVID-19 immunization, especially adenoviral vector immunization.

Trends in pneumoconiosis in Brazil, 1979-2019.

BACKGROUND: Pneumoconiosis is a lung disease related to exposure to dust in the workplace. The disease can induce irreversible damage to health, especially in lung tissue, and can cause progressive and permanent physical disabilities. AIMS: This study evaluated the temporal and spatial distribution of mortality rates (1979-2019) and hospital admissions (1995-2019) for pneumoconiosis in Brazil. METHODS: The outcomes were hospitalization and death due to pneumoconiosis: codes 500-506 according to the ICD-9 and J60-J66 according to the ICD-10. Data from this retrospective ecological study were collected from the Brazilian Ministry of Health database. RESULTS: Hospitalization for pneumoconiosis has decreased in all regions of Brazil. Hospitalizations occurred predominantly in men aged over 40 years. Death rates showed a temporal increase in all regions. Deaths occurred predominantly in men aged over 50 years. The highest hospitalization and death rates were in the states of the Midwest and South Regions. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumoconiosis is a preventable occupational disease, and ongoing occurrences of hospitalizations and deaths highlight the importance of inspecting industries and controlling occupational and environmental exposures.

Physical exercise and flaxseed oil supplementation influence the glial plasticity in the rat hippocampus.

Brain benefits from physical exercise associated with antioxidant supplements such as flaxseed oil. This low cost and simple association may improve hippocampal plasticity, which may work as a preventive and effective therapy in neuroprotection and neuroplasticity processes. This work evaluated the effects of physical exercise with flaxseed oil supplementation (Linum usitatissimum L.) in the hippocampus of Wistar rats. We separated male Wistar rats into four experimental groups: control group (sedentary), a sedentary group with a supplemental diet of flaxseed oil, a group under exercise program with flaxseed oil supplementation, and a group exclusively under exercise program. The swimming exercise consisted of a progressive 28­day protocol followed by behavioral assessment, brain perfusion, microtomy, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cellular morphology, and optical density analysis. We used the ANOVA test with Tukey's post­test for behavioral analysis. The exercise program with flaxseed oil supplementation was able to alter the GFAP expression in astrocytes in the CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus and modulate the behavioral aspects of memory and anxiety.

Prevalência e previsibilidade de caninos impactados em pacientes à procura de tratamento dentário no sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil / Prevalence and predictability of impacted maxillary canines in dental in patients seeking dental treatment in southwest Bahia, Brazil

Resumo Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e determinar a previsibilidade de impactação de caninos superiores permanentes com base em uma amostra de radiografias panorâmicas na região Sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico transversal retrospectivo, em que foram analisadas 5.611 radiografias panorâmicas. No primeiro estudo, houve análise de 4.987 radiografias de pacientes com idades entre 15 a 54 anos, em fase de dentadura permanente, para identificar a prevalência de caninos impactados. O segundo estudo contou com 624 indivíduos em fase de dentadura mista, entre 8 e 14 anos, em que método empregado foi a localização de caninos impactados a partir da determinação da previsibilidade. Foram realizados cálculo amostral e análise estatística descritiva, através do teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: foram encontrados 53 casos de caninos impactados com rizogênese completa dentro do estudo de prevalência, assim como uma média de idade de 27,4 anos entre o sexo feminino (60,3%) e o masculino (39,7%). Foram encontrados 46 casos de uma possível impactação em indivíduos com idade média de 11,7 anos, sendo 54,3% do sexo masculino e 45,7% do feminino. Após o teste qui-quadrado pôde-se perceber relevância estatística entre a faixa de idade de 11 e 12 anos com a previsibilidade da anomalia, em contrapartida, não se percebeu a mesma relação com o aumento da idade do indivíduo. Conclusão: com base nos resultados, foi possível determinar a prevalência de caninos impactados em 1,06% e a taxa de previsibilidade foi de 6,05%. (AU)

Abstract Objective: to identify the prevalence and to determine the predictability of permanent superior canine impaction based on a panoramic radiographic sample in the Southwestern region of Bahia, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study which analyzed 5,611 panoramic radiographs was performed. In the first study, 4,987 radiographs of patients whose ages were between 15 to 54 years old in permanent dentition phase were analyzed to identify the prevalence of impacted canines. The second study included 624 individuals in the mixed dentition phase, between 8 and 14 years old, in which the method used was impacted canines localization based on predictability determination. The sample calculation and descriptive statistical analysis have been performed using the chi-square test. Results: we have found 53 cases of canines impacted with complete rhizogenesis within the prevalence study, as well as a mean age of 27.4 years between female (60.3%) and male (39.7%). We have found 46 cases of a possible impaction in individuals with a mean age of 11.7 years, 54.3% of males and 45.7% of females. After the chi-square test, it was possible to perceive statistical significance between the age group between 11 and 12 years with predictability of the anomaly, in contrast, the same relationship with the increase of the individuals age has not been perceived. Conclusion: based on the results, it was possible to determine the prevalence of impacted canines in 1.06% and the rate of predictability was 6.05%.(AU)

Effect of Ethanol and Ultrasound Pretreatments on Pineapple Convective Drying.

RESEARCH BACKGROUND: Drying represents a viable unit operation for the preservation of food. Convective drying is the most used method for plant materials. However, it can result in negative changes in food nutrient composition, and other quality parameters, besides requiring high energy consumption. Pretreatments can represent an alternative to minimise these negative aspects of dried materials. This work aims to evaluate the use of ethanol and ultrasound before pineapple convective drying and its effect on the product´s colour, water activity, ascorbic acid and total carotenoid contents. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: For the pretreatment step, fruit samples were immersed in ethanol solutions of different volume fractions, and experiments were carried out for 10 min with and without using ultrasound (25 kHz). Fruit samples were dried at 60 ºC. A control group (without the pretreatment step) was also dried under the same condition. Semi-theoretical models were used for drying data fitting, and the diffusional model was used to describe the moisture transfer and calculate the effective diffusivity. Water activity, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and colour analyses were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The combination of ethanol and ultrasound as a pretreatment reduced the drying time of pineapple. Higher effective moisture diffusivities were obtained when ethanol and ultrasound were applied before drying. The two-term exponential model presented the best fit for drying experimental data. The dried samples had a darker colour than the fresh sample. The pretreatment with ethanol resulted in increased retention of the studied bioactive components. The satisfactory results of this study represent an improvement in the drying process. NOVELTY AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION: Ultrasound and ethanol as a pretreatment to convective drying are promising. However, each food matrix has a typical structure and composition. Therefore, the application of the pretreatment in other products or using other conditions is still necessary to deeply understand and explain their effect on the process and the quality of the dried products.

Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of Endodontic Materials for Deciduous Teeth Using the Comet Assay

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate genotoxicity of zinc oxide, P. A. calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate and an iodoform paste using comet assay on human lymphocytes. Material and Methods: Two positive controls were used: methyl-methanesulfonate for the P.A. calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate; and doxorubicin for the iodoform paste and zinc oxide. There were also two negative controls: distilled water for the P.A. calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate; and DMSO for the iodoform paste and zinc oxide. Comets were identified using fluorescence microscopy and 100 of them were counted on each of the three slides analyzed per drug test. A damage index was established, taking into consideration the score pattern that had previously been determined from the size and intensity of the comet tail. Analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's test, was used to compare the means of the DNA damage indices. Results: The DNA damage index observed for mineral trioxide aggregate (7.08 to 8.58) and P.A. calcium hydroxide (6.50 to 8.33), which were similar to negative control index. On the other hand, damage index for zinc oxide (104.7 to 218.50) and iodoform paste (115.7 to 210.7) were similar to positive control index. Conclusion: Iodoform paste and zinc oxide showed genotoxicity at all concentrations used.

Reflexões sobre distanciamento, isolamento social e quarentena como medidas preventivas da covid-19 / Reflexiones sobre distanciamiento, aislamiento social y cuarentena como medidas preventivas de la covid-19 / Reflections on distancing, social isolation and quarantine as preventive measures against covid-19

Objetivo: Refletir sobre distanciamento, isolamento social e quarentena como medidas de prevenção da infecção em massa pelo SARSCoV-2, vírus responsável pela COVID-19. Métodos: Ensaio teórico reflexivo, embasado em ideias de estudiosos do tema, mediante levantamento bibliográfico no Google Acadêmico, na PUBMED/MEDLINE, em site oficial e jornais online, selecionados a partir das palavras-chave "COVID-19", "distanciamento social", "isolamento social", "quarentena" e suas combinações. Resultados e Discussão: Distanciamento, isolamento social e quarentena são medidas preventivas de extrema importância para a redução da velocidade e a disseminação da infecção entre indivíduos. Além de frear a mortalidade causada pela doença, envolvem aspectos de natureza emocional, psicológica, biológica, social, cultural, política e espiritual. Requer utilização de estratégias de enfrentamento, como mudanças no estilo de vida, manter boas relações interpessoais online, afastar-se do excesso de informações sobre a doença, realizar atividades de lazer, exercer a solidariedade, entre outros. Conclusão: Embora essas medidas preventivas acarretem prejuízos à economia mundial, às relações governamentais e de trabalho, mostram-se como grande oportunidade de a sociedade vir a ter uma melhor compreensão da vida em coletividade, dos estados ressignificarem as suas práticas e, ainda, das pessoas reavaliarem o que é mesmo importante em suas vidas (AU)

Objective: To reflect on distancing, social isolation and quarantine, as measures to prevent mass infection by SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. Methods: Reflective theoretical essay, based on ideas of scholars on the subject, by means of a bibliographic survey on Google Scholar, PUBMED/MEDLINE, official websites and online newspapers, selected from the keywords "COVID-19", "social distancing", "social isolation", "quarantine" and their combinations. Results and Discussion: Distancing, social isolation and quarantine are extremely important preventive measures to reduce the speed and spread of the infection among individuals. In addition to curbing the disease mortality levels, they involve aspects of an emotional, psychological, biological, social, cultural, political, and spiritual nature. They require the use of coping strategies, such as changes in lifestyle, maintenance of good interpersonal relationships online, avoidance of excess of information about the disease, performance of leisure activities, exercise of solidarity, among others. Conclusion: Although these preventive measures harm the world's economic, governmental and labor relations, they are a great opportunity for society to better understand collective life; for nations to reframe their practices; and for people to reevaluate what is really important in their lives (AU)

Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre distanciamiento, aislamiento social y cuarentena, como medidas de prevención de la infección en masa por el SARS-CoV-2, virus responsable por la COVID-19. Métodos: Ensayo teórico reflexivo, basado en ideas de estudiosos del tema, mediante un levantamiento bibliográfico en Google Académico, en PUBMED/MEDLINE, páginas oficiales y periódicos online, seleccionados a partir de las palabras clave "COVID-19", "distanciamiento social", "aislamiento social", "cuarentena" y sus combinaciones. Resultados y Discusión: El distanciamiento, el aislamiento social y la cuarentena son medidas preventivas de extrema importancia para la reducción de la velocidad y diseminación de la infección de los individuos. Además de frenar la mortalidad por la enfermedad, implican aspectos de naturaleza emocional, psicológica, biológica, social, cultural, política y espiritual. Requiere la utilización de estrategias de enfrentamiento, como cambios en el estilo de vida, mantener buenas relaciones interpersonales online, alejarse del exceso de informaciones sobre la enfermedad, realizar actividades de ocio, ejercer la solidaridad, entre otros. Conclusión: Aunque esas medidas preventivas acarreten perjuicios a la economía mundial, a las relaciones gubernamentales y de trabajo, se muestran como una gran oportunidad para que la sociedad venga a tener una mejor comprensión de la vida en colectividad, que los estados resignifiquen sus prácticas y que las personas reevalúen lo que es realmente importante en sus vidas (AU)

Estratégias para retomada do ensino superior em saúde frente a COVID-19 / Strategies for resuming higher education in health in relation to covid-19

Refletir sobre a adoção de estratégias a serem implementadas pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior que oferecem cursos da área de saúde para continuidade das suas atividades acadêmicas durante a pandemia pela COVID-19, primando pela saúde física e mental dos seus docentes e discentes. Método: Trata-se de um estudo teórico reflexivo estruturado em três eixos temáticos, cujo levantamento bibliográfico abrangeu livros, documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, artigos científicos nacionais e internacionais presentes nas bases de dados da PUBMED/MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS e SciELO. Foram selecionados mediante o uso de combinações de palavras-chave relacionadas ao tema"COVID-19", "ensino online", "biossegurança", "aprendizado online", "estresse", "práticas integrativas e complementares em saúde". Resultados: O primeiro eixo destaca a adoção de estratégias virtuais para evitar aglomerações e o risco de contaminação pela COVID-19; o segundo, a utilização de medidas de biossegurança para a realização de atividades acadêmicas presenciais; e o terceiro, as ações de enfrentamento do estresse emocional experimentado pelos docentes e discentes nesse mesmo contexto. Conclusões: Evidencia-se imprescindível adoção de estratégias pedagógicas na tentativa de encontrar soluções criativas e responsáveis pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior em Saúde a fim de minimizar o comprometimento do ensino-aprendizagem e evitar danos à saúde física e mental daqueles que são protagonistas desse processo

To reflect on the adoption of strategies to be implemented by Higher Educational Institutions that offer courses in the health field to continue their academic activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the physical and mental health of their professors and students. Methods: This is a reflective theoretical study structured in three thematic axes, whose bibliographic survey covered books, official documents from the Ministry of Health of Brazil, national and international scientific articles from the databases of PUBMED/MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS and SciELO. The selection was conducted using combinations of keywords related to the issue: "COVID-19", "online teaching", "biosafety", "online learning", "stress", "integrative and complementary healthcare practices". Results: The first axis highlights the adoption of virtual strategies to avoid agglomerations and the risk of contamination by COVID-19; the second, the use of biosafety measures to carry out on-site academic activities; and the third, actions to cope with the emotional stress experienced by professors and students in this context. Conclusions: It is essential to adopt pedagogical strategies in an attempt to find creative and responsible solutions for Higher Educational Institutions in Health in order to minimize teaching-learning weakening and avoid damage to the physical and mental health of those who are protagonists of this process.

Aplicación del criterio biopsicológico de imputabilidad penal en un caso de trastorno delirante / Application of the criminal liability biopsychological criterion in a case of delusional disorder

RESUMEN En este artículo, los autores relatan el caso de un individuo que cometió el delito de homicidio y fue evaluado en peritaje psiquiátrico para el análisis de imputabilidad penal. Se le diagnosticó trastorno delirante con inimputabilidad penal, y se le aplicó una medida de seguridad, con internación en Hospital de Custodia y Tratamiento Psiquiátrico en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Este caso ejemplifica la técnica para la aplicación del criterio biopsicológico según el Código de Proceso Penal brasileño.

ABSTRACT In this article, the authors report the case of a man who committed the crime of homicide and was evaluated for criminal liability in a psychiatric expert's report. He was diagnosed with delusional disorder and found not guilty. Security measures were applied and he was committed to a high-security psychiatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This case presents the correct technique to apply the biopsychological criterion, according to the Brazilian Penal.

Application of the criminal liability biopsychological criterion in a case of delusional disorder. / Aplicación del criterio biopsicológico de imputabilidad penal en un caso de trastorno delirante.

In this article, the authors report the case of a man who committed the crime of homicide and was evaluated for criminal liability in a psychiatric expert's report. He was diagnosed with delusional disorder and found not guilty. Security measures were applied and he was committed to a high-security psychiatric hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This case presents the correct technique to apply the biopsychological criterion, according to the Brazilian Penal Code.

Combined effects of waterborne copper exposure and salinity on enzymes related to osmoregulation and ammonia excretion by blue crab Callinectes sapidus.

Copper is essential, but can be toxic to aquatic organisms when present in high concentrations. In freshwater crustaceans, copper inhibits enzymes related to ionic and osmoregulation and to the ammonia efflux, that leads to Na+ imbalance and inhibition of ammonia excretion. In the animals inhabiting estuarine or seawater, mechanisms of copper toxicity is not clear, but had been described as disruption of ionregulation and metabolism. To clarify the mechanism of copper toxicity in crustaceans inhabiting variable salinity, this work investigated whether copper affects ammonia excretion and enzymes used for ammonia balance and osmoregulation in the blue crab Callintectes sapidus acclimated to salinity 2 and 30 ppt. To achieve this, juveniles of the blue crab were exposed to 63.5 µg/L of copper at both salinities for 96 h. This is an environmentally realistic copper concentration. Results of ammonia efflux, free amino acids and Na+ concentrations in hemolymph, Na+/K+-ATPase, H+-ATPase and, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities in gills were consistent with the osmoregulatory pattern adopted by the blue crab, which hyperosmoregulates at salinity 2 ppt and osmoconforms at 30 ppt. At 30 ppt copper reduced free amino acid in hemolymph of crabs, suggesting an effect of the metal on osmotic performance. At 2 ppt, copper significantly increased the H+-ATPase activity involved in ammonia excretion. This may be a compensatory response of crabs to maintain low levels of ammonia in their hemolymph; which can be increased by copper exposure. Results presented here are useful for the improvement of the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) to predict copper toxicity for saltwater environments.

Caracterização dos diagnósticos e psicotrópicos das pessoas privadas de liberdade / Characterization of diagnoses and psychotropics of persons deprived of their liberty

Objetiva-se caracterizar o diagnóstico de saúde mental das pessoas privadas de liberdade e os principais psicotrópicos que fazem uso. Apresenta-se sob a forma de um estudo descritivo e quantitativo fundamentado no tipo documental realizado no Complexo Penal Estadual de Mossoró/RN. Foram utilizados 125 prontuários: 57 de homens e 68 de mulheres. Os prontuários estavam inseridos no período de 2010 a 2017. Os dados foram tabulados em planilha eletrônica e transferidos para o programa estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 23.0, os quais foram expressos em frequência simples e porcentagem. A maioria do diagnóstico de saúde mental dos homens e das mulheres está relacionada à dependência química pelo abuso de drogas ilícitas. Os dados coletados continuamente podem instrumentalizar a equipe de saúde que atua na penitenciaria a discutirem as situações de risco e/ou problemas de saúde mental a que a população está submetida, auxiliando na verificação e monitoramento de indicadores

The objective is to characterize the mental health diagnosis of the persons deprived of their freedom and the main psychotropic drugs they use. It is presented in the form of a descriptive and quantitative study based on the documentary type carried out in the State Criminal Complex of Mossoró / RN. A total of 125 charts were used: 57 men and 68 women. The medical records were inserted between 2010 and 2017. The data were tabulated in spreadsheet and transferred to the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0, which were expressed in simple frequency and percentage. Most men's and women's mental health diagnoses are related to chemical dependence from illicit drug abuse. The data collected continuously can instrumentalize the health team that works in the penitentiary to discuss the risk situations and / or mental health problems to which the population is subjected, assisting in the verification and monitoring of indicators