First Results in the Search for Dark Sectors at NA64 with the CERN SPS High Energy Muon Beam.

We report the first search for dark sectors performed at the NA64 experiment employing a high energy muon beam and a missing energy-momentum technique. Muons from the M2 beamline at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron with a momentum of 160 GeV/c are directed to an active target. The signal signature consists of a single scattered muon with momentum <80 GeV/c in the final state, accompanied by missing energy, i.e., no detectable activity in the downstream calorimeters. For a total dataset of (1.98±0.02)×10^{10} muons on target, no event is observed in the expected signal region. This allows us to set new limits on the remaining (m_{Z^{'}},g_{Z^{'}}) parameter space of a new Z^{'} (L_{µ}-L_{τ}) vector boson which could explain the muon (g-2)_{µ} anomaly. Additionally, our study excludes part of the parameter space suggested by the thermal dark matter relic abundance. Our results pave the way to explore dark sectors and light dark matter with muon beams in a unique and complementary way to other experiments.

Search for Light Dark Matter with NA64 at CERN.

Thermal dark matter models with particle χ masses below the electroweak scale can provide an explanation for the observed relic dark matter density. This would imply the existence of a new feeble interaction between the dark and ordinary matter. We report on a new search for the sub-GeV χ production through the interaction mediated by a new vector boson, called the dark photon A^{'}, in collisions of 100 GeV electrons with the active target of the NA64 experiment at the CERN SPS. With 9.37×10^{11} electrons on target collected during 2016-2022 runs NA64 probes for the first time the well-motivated region of parameter space of benchmark thermal scalar and fermionic dark matter models. No evidence for dark matter production has been found. This allows us to set the most sensitive limits on the A^{'} couplings to photons for masses m_{A^{'}}≲0.35 GeV, and to exclude scalar and Majorana dark matter with the χ-A^{'} coupling α_{D}≤0.1 for masses 0.001≲m_{χ}≲0.1 GeV and 3m_{χ}≤m_{A^{'}}.

Search for a New B-L Z

A search for a new Z^{'} gauge boson associated with (un)broken B-L symmetry in the keV-GeV mass range is carried out for the first time using the missing-energy technique in the NA64 experiment at the CERN SPS. From the analysis of the data with 3.22×10^{11} electrons on target collected during 2016-2021 runs, no signal events were found. This allows us to derive new constraints on the Z^{'}-e coupling strength, which, for the mass range 0.3≲m_{Z^{'}}≲100 MeV, are more stringent compared to those obtained from the neutrino-electron scattering data.

Probing the explanation of the muon (g-2) anomaly and thermal light dark matter with the semi-visible dark photon channel.

We report the results of a search for a new vector boson ( A ' ) decaying into two dark matter particles χ 1 χ 2 of different mass. The heavier χ 2 particle subsequently decays to χ 1 and an off-shell Dark Photon A ' ∗ → e + e - . For a sufficiently large mass splitting, this model can explain in terms of new physics the recently confirmed discrepancy observed in the muon anomalous magnetic moment at Fermilab. Remarkably, it also predicts the observed yield of thermal dark matter relic abundance. A detailed Monte-Carlo simulation was used to determine the signal yield and detection efficiency for this channel in the NA64 setup. The results were obtained re-analyzing the previous NA64 searches for an invisible decay A ' → χ χ ¯ and axion-like or pseudo-scalar particles a → γ γ . With this method, we exclude a significant portion of the parameter space justifying the muon g-2 anomaly and being compatible with the observed dark matter relic density for A ' masses from 2 m e up to 390 MeV and mixing parameter ε between 3 × 10 - 5 and 2 × 10 - 2 .

Constraints on New Physics in Electron g-2 from a Search for Invisible Decays of a Scalar, Pseudoscalar, Vector, and Axial Vector.

We performed a search for a new generic X boson, which could be a scalar (S), pseudoscalar (P), vector (V), or an axial vector (A) particle produced in the 100 GeV electron scattering off nuclei, e^{-}Z→e^{-}ZX, followed by its invisible decay in the NA64 experiment at CERN. No evidence for such a process was found in the full NA64 dataset of 2.84×10^{11} electrons on target. We place new bounds on the S, P, V, A coupling strengths to electrons, and set constraints on their contributions to the electron anomalous magnetic moment a_{e}, |Δa_{X}|≲10^{-15}-10^{-13} for the X mass region 1 MeV≲m_{X}≲1 GeV. These results are an order of magnitude more sensitive compared to the current accuracy on a_{e} from the electron g-2 experiments and recent high-precision determination of the fine structure constant.

Hunting down the X17 boson at the CERN SPS.

Recently, the ATOMKI experiment has reported new evidence for the excess of e + e - events with a mass ∼ 17 MeV in the nuclear transitions of 4 He, that they previously observed in measurements with 8 Be. These observations could be explained by the existence of a new vector X 17 boson. So far, the search for the decay X 17 → e + e - with the NA64 experiment at the CERN SPS gave negative results. Here, we present a new technique that could be implemented in NA64 aiming to improve the sensitivity and to cover the remaining X 17 parameter space. If a signal-like event is detected, an unambiguous observation is achieved by reconstructing the invariant mass of the X 17 decay with the proposed method. To reach this goal an optimization of the X 17 production target, as well as an efficient and accurate reconstruction of two close decay tracks, is required. A dedicated analysis of the available experimental data making use of the trackers information is presented. This method provides independent confirmation of the NA64 published results [1], validating the tracking procedure. The detailed Monte Carlo study of the proposed setup and the background estimate show that the goal of the proposed search is feasible.

Search for Axionlike and Scalar Particles with the NA64 Experiment.

We carried out a model-independent search for light scalar (s) and pseudoscalar axionlike (a) particles that couple to two photons by using the high-energy CERN SPS H4 electron beam. The new particles, if they exist, could be produced through the Primakoff effect in interactions of hard bremsstrahlung photons generated by 100 GeV electrons in the NA64 active dump with virtual photons provided by the nuclei of the dump. The a(s) would penetrate the downstream HCAL module, serving as a shield, and would be observed either through their a(s)→γγ decay in the rest of the HCAL detector, or as events with a large missing energy if the a(s) decays downstream of the HCAL. This method allows for the probing of the a(s) parameter space, including those from generic axion models, inaccessible to previous experiments. No evidence of such processes has been found from the analysis of the data corresponding to 2.84×10^{11} electrons on target, allowing us to set new limits on the a(s)γγ-coupling strength for a(s) masses below 55 MeV.

Dark Matter Search in Missing Energy Events with NA64.

A search for sub-GeV dark matter production mediated by a new vector boson A^{'}, called a dark photon, is performed by the NA64 experiment in missing energy events from 100 GeV electron interactions in an active beam dump at the CERN SPS. From the analysis of the data collected in the years 2016, 2017, and 2018 with 2.84×10^{11} electrons on target no evidence of such a process has been found. The most stringent constraints on the A^{'} mixing strength with photons and the parameter space for the scalar and fermionic dark matter in the mass range ≲0.2 GeV are derived, thus demonstrating the power of the active beam dump approach for the dark matter search.

Search for a Hypothetical 16.7 MeV Gauge Boson and Dark Photons in the NA64 Experiment at CERN.

We report the first results on a direct search for a new 16.7 MeV boson (X) which could explain the anomalous excess of e^{+}e^{-} pairs observed in the excited ^{8}Be^{*} nucleus decays. Because of its coupling to electrons, the X could be produced in the bremsstrahlung reaction e^{-}Z→e^{-}ZX by a 100 GeV e^{-} beam incident on an active target in the NA64 experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron and observed through the subsequent decay into a e^{+}e^{-} pair. With 5.4×10^{10} electrons on target, no evidence for such decays was found, allowing us to set first limits on the X-e^{-} coupling in the range 1.3×10^{-4}≲ε_{e}≲4.2×10^{-4} excluding part of the allowed parameter space. We also set new bounds on the mixing strength of photons with dark photons (A^{'}) from nonobservation of the decay A^{'}→e^{+}e^{-} of the bremsstrahlung A^{'} with a mass ≲23 MeV.

Search for Invisible Decays of Sub-GeV Dark Photons in Missing-Energy Events at the CERN SPS.

We report on a direct search for sub-GeV dark photons (A^{'}), which might be produced in the reaction e^{-}Z→e^{-}ZA^{'} via kinetic mixing with photons by 100 GeV electrons incident on an active target in the NA64 experiment at the CERN SPS. The dark photons would decay invisibly into dark matter particles resulting in events with large missing energy. No evidence for such decays was found with 2.75×10^{9} electrons on target. We set new limits on the γ-A^{'} mixing strength and exclude the invisible A^{'} with a mass ≲100 MeV as an explanation of the muon g_{µ}-2 anomaly.

[Hepatoprotectors prevent the toxic action of cyclophosphamide on the liver of rats with CCl4-induced hepatitis model].

The results of experiments on white rats with CCl4-induced hepatitis showed that the combined introduction of cyclophosphamide and hepatoprotectors of the plant origin (lochein, maksar, silimarin) leads to a decrease in acute toxicity and to less pronounced manifestations of hepatotoxicity of cyclophosphamide. Hepatoprotectors decrease the activity of aminotransferases, reduce the level of bilirubin, normalize the content of protein andpipids in the blood serum, and suppress the development of morphological disorders in the liver.

[Regulation of smooth muscles of the vascular wall in the rabbit pulmonary artery]. / Osobennosti reguliatsii gladkikh myshts sosudistoi stenki legochnoi arterii krolika.

The cholinergic, histaminergic and adrenergic features of regulation of the small muscles contractile activity in a vascular wall of a pulmonary artery in rabbits and involvement of an endothelium in these processes, were investigated. The cholinergic release phenomenon of small muscles of the rabbit pulmonary artery has a two-component character of dose dependence. The low-threshold components of Pilocarpinum relaxing effect has an endothelium-dependent nature. The important feature of histaminergic regulation of contractile activity of segments involves a direct contractile effect of histamine that is not inherent. The endothelium renders a suppressing effect on histaminergic contraction of small muscles of the rabbit pulmonary artery. A basic feature of adrenergic regulation of the pulmonary artery involves registered-beta-adrenergic contractile effects in small muscles of a vascular wall. The activation of the cAMP-dependent signal system in small muscles of a pulmonary artery is capable of rendering a contractile effect. The detected features of a regulation in the small circle can have an essential clinical-physiological value.

Responses of rat left ventricle cardiomyocytes to constant 2G-hypergravity.

2G-hypergravity during 33-days led to hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes (CMC) in rat left ventricle accompanied by capillary number and diameter growth. CMC ultrastructure was normal at all experimental stages. Number of intermitochondrial junctions (IMJ) rose after 33 days of 2G in subsarcolemmal pericapillary zone of CMC, indicating probably to enlarged CMC energy needs. Changes in myocardium achieved during 33 days of 2G were reversible at 39 days of 1G (except IMJ number). Repeated 5-days 2G influence (after 33 days of primary 2G influence followed by 39 days of 1G) led again to CMC hypertrophy and to IMJ number rise in all zones of mitochondria localisation. Primary 5-days 2G influence didn't result in CMC hypertrophy, IMJ number rose only in subsarcolemmal pericapillary zone.

Influence of 2G-hypergravity on the right atrium secretory cardiomyocytes of rats.

For elucidation of secretory cardiomyocytes adaptation to prolonged and repeated influence of changed gravity the ultrastructural and morphometrical analysis of right atrium cells was made in rats after they were exposed to primary and repeated 2G-centrifugation in ground-based experiment. It was found prolonged 2G-hypergravity resulted in hypertrophy of right atrium cardiomyocytes and stimulated of their mitochondrial associative activity and granular secretion; repeated influence induced changes differed from those after single influence.

[Carbohydrate adaptive substance for prophylaxis of immune disorders and correction of dysbacterioses]. / Uglevodnyi adaptogen dlia profilaktiki immunnykh rasstroistv i korrektsii disbakteriozov.

Effects of a new preparation, adaptokhit, on the intestinal microbiocenosis and some parameters of immune resistance were studied in Macaque rhesus during 13-day hypokinesia. Experimental animals were given adaptokhit as an alimentary supplement preventing dysbiotic consequences of the microecologic unbalance due to motor restraint. Results of the investigation showed certain distinctions in the intestinal microflora in the experimental and control animals as early as on day three of the experiment. Intestinal microflora of the experimental primates who daily consumed adaptokhit at 50 mg/kg of the body remained stable throughout the period of observation. In contrast, in their controls lactoflora was found to decrease in parallel to the growth of opportunistically pathogenic endobacteria including representatives of Proteus and Clostridia sp., and development of dysbacteriosis of categories II and III. Besides, in the experimental animals adaptokhit prevented decline in the proliferative activity of lymphocytes further into adaptation. Also, at the final stage of observation following canceling the preparation there were signs of normalization of the allergologic status of primates in the experimental group. Therefore, adaptokhit can be used as an alimentary supplement to strengthen the colony resistance of animals in extreme conditions.

[Effect of polymyxin B on ion permeability of bacterial membranes]. / Vliianie polimiksina B na ionnuiu pronitsaemost' bakterial'nykh membran.

Effect of polymyxin B on the movement of K+ and H+ in polymyxin-sensitive cells of E. coli under different metabolic states has been studied. It was shown that polymyxin B induced the efflux of K+, decreased the efflux of H+ and inhibited the consumption of oxygen in bacterial cells. The effect of antibiotic on ion movement was independent of respiratory conditions. It was suggested that polymyxin B increased ion permeability and destroyed lipid-protein interactions of the respiratory chain simultaneously.

[Structural organization of membranes reconstituted from phospholipids and subchromatophore pigment-protein complexes]. / Strukturnaia organizatsiia membran, i rekonstruirovannykh iz fosfolipidov i subkhromatofornykh pigment-belkovykh kompleksov.

Pigment--protein complexes of the P870 reaction centers and complexes of the bacteriochlorophyll light-harvesting antenna were isolated from the chromatophores of the non-sulfur purple bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum by solubilization with detergents. The proteoliposomes containing the reaction centers or reaction centers and the light-harvesting antenna as well as liposomes formed from phospholipids were obtained by a self-assembly procedure using seya bean phospholipids. The freeze-fracture study showed that the proteoliposomes contain a large amount of globular particles. The particles incorporated into the two types of the proteoliposomes were distinguished in size. The globules of the reaction center and antenna complexes were bigger in size than the reaction center globules. The globular structures were not found in the liposomal membranes. The liposomes formed in the absence of the pigment--protein complexes were predominantly the multilamellar vesicles. The proteoliposomes were mostly represented as monolamellar membrane vesicles. The spatial arrangement of the reaction center complexes in the membranes is discussed.

[Use of a computer for the optimal results of treatment of diabetes mellitus with insulin]. / Ispol'zovanie EVM dlia optimizatsii lecheniia sakharnogo diabeta insulinom.

The authors present material on the optimization of diabetes mellitus treatment, with the aid of a computer. There were 320 patients under observation. Mathematical models describing the process of the patients treatment and permitting to pronosticate the blood and urine sugar level during the treatment were developed. The use of the imitation experiment on a computer permitted to test several therapeutic variants for the given patient and to choose the optimum one, leading to the most rapid compensation. The second task consisted in the maintenance in the patients of blood glucose variations within definite limits, in the course of 24 hours. An individual model of blood glucose dynamics in the course of 24 hours is set on the computer, and then the optimal scheme of insulin treatment is chosen. Practical testing of such scheme showed its efficacy.

[Entobacterial transformation by R6K plasmid DNA]. / Transformatsiia énterobakterii DNK plazmidy R6K

Preparations of DNA of R6K plasmide obtained by various methods on the basis of the "clarified" lysate: by gel filtration on sepharose 4B, centrifugation in cesium chloride with ethidium bromide gradient, were analysed in the E. coli C600. S. typhimurium AG37, Pr. vulgaris 4636, S. marcescens 20-10 transformation. The frequency of transformation proved to depend on the extent of DNA purification. Factors influencing the E. coli C600 competence and the transformation efficacy (the phase of the culture growth, the concentration of cells in the mixture with DNA, theCaCl2 concentration, the time of the cell incubation at 42 degrees C) were studied. Kinetics of the phenotypical expression of the plasmide signs of ampicillin and streptomycin resistance in transformation was also studied in this work.

Reconstitution of Biological Molecular generators of electric current. Bacteriorhodopsin.

1. Photoinduced generation of electric current by bacteriorhodopsin, incorporated into the planar phospholipid membrane, has been directly measured with conventional electrometer techniques. 2. Two methods for bacteriorhodopsin incorporation have been developed: (a) formation of planar membrane from a mixture of decane solution of phospholipids and of the fraction of violet fragments of the Halobacterium halobium membrane (bacteriorhodopsin sheets), and (b) adhesion of bacteriorhodopsin-containing reconstituted spherical membranes (proteoliposomes) to the planar membrane in the presence of Ca2+ or some other cations. In both cases, illumination was found to induce electric current generation directed across the planar membrane, an effect which was measured by macroelectrodes immersed into electrolyte solutions on both sides of the membrane. 3. The maximal values of the transmembrane electric potential were of about 150 mV at a current of about 10(-11) A. The electromotive force measured by means of counterbalancing the photoeffect by an external battery, was found to reach the value of 300 mV. 4. The action spectrum of the photoeffect coincides with the bacteriorhodopsin absorption spectrum (maximum about 570 nm). 5. Both components of the electrochemical potential of H+ ions (electric potential and delta pH) across the planar membrane affect the bacteriorhodopsin photoelectric response in a fashion which could be expected if bacteriorhodopsin were a light-dependent electrogenic proton pump. 6. La3+ ions were shown to inhibit operation of those bacteriorhodopsin which pump out H+ ions from the La3+-containing compartment. 7. The photoeffect, mediated by proteoliposomes associated with thick planar membrane, is decreased by gramicidin A at concentrations which do not influence the planar membrane resistance in the light. On the contrary, a protonophorous uncoupler, trichlorocarbonylcyanidephenylhydrazone, decreases the photoeffect only if it is added at a concentration lowering the light resistance. The dark resistance is shown to be higher than the light one, and decreases to the light level by gramicidin. 8. A simple equivalent electric scheme consistent with the above results has been proposed.