[X-ray features of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis at late stages of HIV infection].

The paper analyzes the results of a study of X-ray features of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV infection on the basis of a retrospective analysis of the case histories of 65 HIV-infected patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis and 60 patients with disseminated tuberculosis without HIV infection, who have been followed up in the Krasnodar Territory. X-ray changes characteristic for patients with disseminated tuberculosis in HIV infection and their difference from those with disseminated tuberculosis without HIV infection have been ascertained, which assists in timely establishing the diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV infection.

[Organization of antituberculosis aid to patients with HIV infection in Russia].

According to the data of the WHO European Regional Office, Russia is now among the countries of Europe, in which tuberculosis and HIV infection are a most pressing problem. In this connection, it has been necessary to promptly determine measures to improve the epidemiological situation. For their elaboration within the high-leveled working tuberculosis group, the ad hoc group "Tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection" working jointly with WHO specialists has been set up in Russia. This paper gives the basic activity lines required for organizing the systems of prevention, epidemiological surveillance, detection of tuberculosis, medical and diagnostic antituberculous aid to patients with HIV infection in Russia.

[A clinical case of complicated tuberculosis in an infant from perinatal contact with HIV infection].

The paper describes a case of tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes in a baby born to a HIV-infected mother. The baby developed a severe tuberculous process complicated by bronchopulmonary lesion and by the ulcerofistular form of bronchial tuberculosis accompanied by bacterial isolation. The infant had been in contact in the undetected familial focus of tuberculous infection and unvaccinated with BCG. The paper gives an example of the frequent identification of tuberculosis in children born to HIV-infected mothers in the absence of BCG vaccination. The question arises as to whether it is necessary to revise the order forbidding BCG vaccination of all the babies born to HIV-infected mother and to examine the families where the mothers return with their babies from maternity hospitals for tuberculosis.

[A category of patients with tuberculosis concomitant with HIV infection in an anti-TB facility]. / Kontingent VICH-infitsirovannykh bol'nykh tuberkulezom v protivotuberkuleznom uchrezhdenii.

A category of patients with tuberculosis concomitant with HIV infection, who were admitted for inpatient care to the infection department of Tuberculosis Clinical Hospital No. 7, Moscow, during 1996-2001, was analyzed. Peculiarities of the mentioned patients' category (205 subjects) were studied at the anti-TB facility. It was established that males (83.4%), aged 21-30 (48.9%), as well as unemployed (71%) prevailed. As much as 14% of them were homeless and 33% had a prison history. Drug-addiction (76%) and hepatitis C and B (77%) were found to be the key concomitant pathologies in them. HIV was primarily diagnosed at the anti-TB facility in 52% of patients, while tuberculosis had set on before HIV in 34.8% of patients. A major part of patients with tuberculosis concomitant with HIV, who were at the anti-TB facility, had early HIV stages. Specific features of the clinical course of tuberculosis were defined for patients with early HIV stages. It was established that tuberculosis concomitant with early HIV stages is deprived of any peculiarities except for the primary signs' stage, if it has the form of an acute infection. An exacerbation of the tuberculosis process, which quite often leads to its generalization and fatal outcome, can happen during the mentioned period due to a pronounced immunodeficiency.

[Tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection: clinico-morphological and epidemiological aspects]. / Tuberkulez u bol'nykh VICh-infektsiei: kliniko-morfologicheskie i épidemiologicheskie aspekty.

A contingent of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis concurrent with HIV infection in 1997 and 1999 is analyzed. The first analysis covers all cases of this combined pathology occurring in Russia throughout the notification of HIV infection in the country. The specific features of the course of tuberculosis have been defined in relation to the stage of HIV infection. The second analysis involved the data on such patients in 59 subjects of the Russian Federation in 1999. It has shown that there are changes in the composition of the contingent that has combined pathology, which is associated with the HIV transmission route that is new for Russia. This in turn resulted in that patients with HIV infection were much more frequently detected at the tuberculosis facilities. The altered HIV-infection epidemic situation enhances the topicality of this problem for phthiologists.

[Epidemic situation of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients in Russia and a system of preventive measures]. / Epidemicheskaia situatsiia po tuberkulezu sredi bol'nykh VICh-infektsiei v Rossii i sistema mer ego profilaktiki.

The paper shows a poor prognosis of tuberculosis spread among HIV-infected patients in Russia for the years immediately ahead. Recommendations are given how to organize a tuberculosis controlling care to patients with HIV infection by taking into account its stages by aspects, such as prevention, diagnosis, medical examination, and treatment.

[The characteristics of the course of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients and prophylactic measures]. / Osobennosti techeniia tuberkuleza u VICh-infitsirovannykh i mery ego profilaktiki.

Morbidity in HIV infection and tuberculosis in persons having these two infections in association was analyzed. According to the data for the end of the first quarter of 1997 the presence of association of HIV infection with tuberculosis was found in 91 patients. In 70.3% of cases HIV infection was contacted before the appearance of tuberculosis and in 18.7% of cases, after it; in 11% of cases the order of appearance of these two diseases could not be established. The study revealed that the markedness of the clinical picture of tuberculosis was determined by the progress of HIV infection.

[Study of lipid peroxidation in patients with tuberculosis of the female genital organs during subcutaneous tuberculin test]. / Izuchenie perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov u bol'nykh tuberkulezom zhenskikh polovykh organov na fone podkozhnoi tuberkulinovoi proby.

The level of MDA in erythrocytes and plasma was determined in 71 female patients with a chronic inflammatory process in the genitals before and after subcutaneous tuberculin administration. In patients with active genital tuberculosis the MDA level rose significantly: in erythrocytes 24 hours and in plasma 72 hours after subcutaneous tuberculin administration. The MDA level remained unchanged in the rest of the patients.