Effect of crystal facets in plasmonic catalysis.

While the role of crystal facets is well known in traditional heterogeneous catalysis, this effect has not yet been thoroughly studied in plasmon-assisted catalysis, where attention has primarily focused on plasmon-derived mechanisms. Here, we investigate plasmon-assisted electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using different shapes of plasmonic Au nanoparticles - nanocube (NC), rhombic dodecahedron (RD), and octahedron (OC) - exposing {100}, {110}, and {111} facets, respectively. Upon plasmon excitation, Au OCs doubled CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) and tripled CO partial current density (jCO) compared to a dark condition, with NCs also improving under illumination. In contrast, Au RDs maintained consistent performance irrespective of light exposure, suggesting minimal influence of light on the reaction. Temperature experiments ruled out heat as the main factor to explain such differences. Atomistic simulations and electromagnetic modeling revealed higher hot carrier abundance and electric field enhancement on Au OCs and NCs than RDs. These effects now dominate the reaction landscape over the crystal facets, thus shifting the reaction sites when comparing dark and plasmon-activated processes. Plasmon-assisted H2 evolution reaction experiments also support these findings. The dominance of low-coordinated sites over facets in plasmonic catalysis suggests key insights for designing efficient photocatalysts for energy conversion and carbon neutralization.

Strategies that regulate LSD1 for novel therapeutics.

Histone methylation plays crucial roles in regulating chromatin structure and gene transcription in epigenetic modifications. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), the first identified histone demethylase, is universally overexpressed in various diseases. LSD1 dysregulation is closely associated with cancer, viral infections, and neurodegenerative diseases, etc., making it a promising therapeutic target. Several LSD1 inhibitors and two small-molecule degraders (UM171 and BEA-17) have entered the clinical stage. LSD1 can remove methyl groups from histone 3 at lysine 4 or lysine 9 (H3K4 or H3K9), resulting in either transcription repression or activation. While the roles of LSD1 in transcriptional regulation are well-established, studies have revealed that LSD1 can also be dynamically regulated by other factors. For example, the expression or activity of LSD1 can be regulated by many proteins that form transcriptional corepressor complexes with LSD1. Moreover, some post-transcriptional modifications and cellular metabolites can also regulate LSD1 expression or its demethylase activity. Therefore, in this review, we will systematically summarize how proteins involved in the transcriptional corepressor complex, various post-translational modifications, and metabolites act as regulatory factors for LSD1 activity.

Coupling Nano and Atomic Electric Field Confinement for Robust Alkaline Oxygen Evolution.

The alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a promising avenue for producing clean fuels and storing intermittent energy. However, challenges such as excessive OH- consumption and strong adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates hinder the development of alkaline OER. In this study, we propose a cooperative strategy by leveraging both nano-scale and atomically local electric fields for alkaline OER, demonstrated through the synthesis of Mn single atom doped CoP nanoneedles (Mn SA-CoP NNs). Finite element method simulations and density functional theory calculations predict that the nano-scale local electric field enriches OH- around the catalyst surface, while the atomically local electric field improves *O desorption. Experimental validation using in situ attenuated total reflection infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirms the effectiveness of the nano-scale and atomically electric fields. Mn SA-CoP NNs exhibit an ultra-low overpotential of 189 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and stable operation over 100 hours at ~100 mA cm-2 during alkaline OER. This innovative strategy provides new insights for enhancing catalyst performance in energy conversion reactions.

Sustainable conversion of alkaline nitrate to ammonia at activities greater than 2 A cm-2.

Nitrate (NO3‒) pollution poses significant threats to water quality and global nitrogen cycles. Alkaline electrocatalytic NO3‒ reduction reaction (NO3RR) emerges as an attractive route for enabling NO3‒ removal and sustainable ammonia (NH3) synthesis. However, it suffers from insufficient proton (H+) supply in high pH conditions, restricting NO3‒-to-NH3 activity. Herein, we propose a halogen-mediated H+ feeding strategy to enhance the alkaline NO3RR performance. Our platform achieves near-100% NH3 Faradaic efficiency (pH = 14) with a current density of 2 A cm-2 and enables an over 99% NO3--to-NH3 conversion efficiency. We also convert NO3‒ to high-purity NH4Cl with near-unity efficiency, suggesting a practical approach to valorizing pollutants into valuable ammonia products. Theoretical simulations and in situ experiments reveal that Cl-coordination endows a shifted d-band center of Pd atoms to construct local H+-abundant environments, through arousing dangling O-H water dissociation and fast *H desorption, for *NO intermediate hydrogenation and finally effective NO3‒-to-NH3 conversion.

Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products in Flow Cells.

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction into value-added fuels and chemicals by renewable electric energy is one of the important strategies to address global energy shortage and carbon emission. Though the classical H-type electrolytic cell can quickly screen high-efficiency catalysts, the low current density and limited CO2 mass transfer process essentially impede its industrial applications. The electrolytic cells based on electrolyte flow system (flow cells) have shown great potential for industrial devices, due to higher current density, improved local CO2 concentration, and better mass transfer efficiency. The design and optimization of flow cells are of great significance to further accelerate the industrialization of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR). In this review, the progress of flow cells for CO2 RR to C2+ products is concerned. Firstly, the main events in the development of the flow cells for CO2 RR are outlined. Second, the main design principles of CO2 RR to C2+ products, the architectures, and types of flow cells are summarized. Third, the main strategies for optimizing flow cells to generate C2+ products are reviewed in detail, including cathode, anode, ion exchange membrane, and electrolyte. Finally, the preliminary attempts, challenges, and the research prospects of flow cells for industrial CO2 RR toward C2+ products are discussed.

Aqueous Electroreduction of Nitric Oxide to Ammonia at Low Concentration via Vacancy Engineered FeOCl.

Electroreduction of nitric oxide (NO) to NH3 (NORR) has gained extensive attention for the sake of low carbon emission and air pollutant treatment. Unfortunately, NORR is greatly hindered by its sluggish kinetics, especially under low concentrations of NO. Herein, we developed a chlorine (Cl) vacancy strategy to overcome this limitation over FeOCl nanosheets (FeOCl-VCl ). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the Cl vacancy resulted in defective Fe with sharp d-states characteristics in FeOCl-VCl to enhance the absorption and activation of NO. In situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) verified the lower average oxidation state of defective Fe to enhance the electron transfer for NO adsorption/activation and facilitate the generation of key NHO and NHx intermediates. As a result, the FeOCl-VCl exhibited superior NORR activities with the NH3 Faradaic efficiency up to 91.1 % while maintaining a high NH3 yield rate of 455.4 µg cm-2 h-1 under 1.0 vol % NO concentration, competitive with those of previously reported literatures under higher NO concentration. Further, the assembled Zn-NO battery utilizing FeOCl-VCl as cathode delivered a record peak power density of 6.2 mW cm-2 , offering a new route for simultaneous NO removal, NH3 production, and energy supply.

Promoting C-F bond activation via proton donor for CF4 decomposition.

Tetrafluoromethane (CF4), the simplest perfluorocarbons, is a permanently potent greenhouse gas due to its powerful infrared radiation adsorption capacity. The highly symmetric and robust C-F bond structure makes its activation a great challenge. Herein, we presented an innovated approach that efficiently activates C-F bond utilizing protonated sulfate (-HSO4) modified Al2O3@ZrO2 (S-Al2O3@ZrO2) catalyst, resulting in highly efficient CF4 decomposition. By combining in situ infrared spectroscopy tests and density function theory simulations, we demonstrate that the introduced -HSO4 proton donor has a stronger interaction on the C-F bond than the hydroxyl (-OH) proton donor, which can effectively stretch the C-F bond for its activation. Consequently, the obtained S-Al2O3@ZrO2 catalyst achieved a stable 100% CF4 decomposition at a record low temperature of 580 °C with a turnover frequency value of ~8.3 times higher than the Al2O3@ZrO2 catalyst without -HSO4 modification, outperforming the previously reported results. This work paves a new way for achieving efficient C-F bond activation to decompose CF4 at a low temperature.

Accurate assessment of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction products at industrial-level current density.

During the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction, the faradaic efficiency of products seriously deviates from 100% due to the misjudgment of outlet flow, especially at industrial-level large current density. In this work, several modified equations and internal standard methods are recommended to calibrate the thermal mass flowmeter and establish benchmarks for CO2 reduction performance assessment.

The impact of link quality management on healthcare quality: a comparative study at The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of link quality management on healthcare quality. METHODS: In 2021, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University followed various regulations and systems to manage the quality of hospital links. In 2022, the hospital upgraded and strengthened the quality management of hospital links. We collected and compared data from 2021 and 2022 on several observation indicators, including error rates in medical records, outpatient and inpatient numbers, surgical volumes, adverse event reporting, dispute complaints, inpatient medical records and outpatient prescriptions grading, timely filing rate of medical records, inpatient satisfaction rate, average length of hospital stay, rate of level 3-4 surgeries, admission rate of critically ill patients, workload index, work efficiency index, diagnostic quality index, treatment quality index, antimicrobial drug use rate, staff satisfaction rate, patient satisfaction rate, composite index, and Case Mix Index (CMI). RESULTS: In 2021, the error rate of the first page of the general surgery medical records in The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University was 27.91%, while in 2022 it significantly improved to 9.60% (P<0.05). The error rates of the main diagnosis, major surgical operations, other diagnoses, and other surgical operations on the medical records were all significantly different between 2021 and 2022 (all P<0.05). In 2022, the outpatient volume, inpatient volume, surgical volume, and adverse event reporting increased significantly compared to those in 2021, while the number of dispute complaints decreased significantly. The first-grade rate of inpatient medical records, first-grade rate of outpatient prescriptions, timely filing rate of medical records, inpatient satisfaction rate, average length of hospital stay, rate of level 3-4 surgeries, and admission rate of critically ill patients in 2022 were all significantly higher than those in 2021 (all P<0.05). The workload index, work efficiency index, diagnostic quality index, and treatment quality index in 2022 were all significantly higher than those in 2021 (all P<0.05). The outpatient antimicrobial drug use rate, emergency department antimicrobial drug use rate, and inpatient antimicrobial drug use rate in 2022 were significantly lower than those in 2021 (all P<0.05). In 2022, the satisfaction rate of medical staff was 93.57%, which was significantly higher than 81.16% in 2021 (P<0.05). In 2022, the patient satisfaction rate was 91.53%, which was significantly higher than 82.17% in 2021 (P<0.05). In 2022, the composite index and CMI values increased, while the error rate decreased significantly, as compared to those in 2021 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: After upgrading and strengthening the link quality management, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University has achieved significant improvements in management level, medical quality, technical level, and staff satisfaction.

The efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin in patients undergoing knee arthroscopic surgery and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Purpose: To inveatigate how effective LMWH was at preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE), major bleeding events, and minor bleeding events after simple knee arthroscopic surgery and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the CNKI database for potentially eligible articles. The outcomes were evaluated in terms of odds ratio (OR) and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-analysis was performed using the Stata software and subgroup analyses were performed based on the surgical setting including ACLR and simple knee arthroscopic surgery. Results: A total of eight studies with 2249 patients and 1794 controls were included in this meta-analysis. In patients undergoing simple knee arthroscopic surgery, LMWH prophylaxis did not bring a significant reduction in the risk of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT), symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE), symptomatic VTE, and did not increase the risk of major bleeding events, but did have a higher risk of minor bleeding events (OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.34-2.84, P = 0.000) and a lower risk of asymptomatic DVT (OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.04-0.53, P = 0.004) in comparison with non-LMWH prophylaxis. In patients undergoing ACLR, LMWH prophylaxis did not bring a significant reduction in the risk of symptomatic DVT, symptomatic PE, symptomatic VTE, and did not increase the risk of major bleeding events and minor bleeding events, but did have a lower risk of asymptomatic DVT (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.23-0.78, P = 0.006). Conclusion: When compared to a control group, this meta-analysis found that LMWH had little potential benefit in preventing major VTE (symptomatic VTE, symptomatic DVT, and symptomatic PE) after simple knee arthroscopy and ACLR. As a result, LMWH should not be considered routinely in patients undergoing knee arthroscopic surgery.

Breaking K+ Concentration Limit on Cu Nanoneedles for Acidic Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Multi-Carbon Products.

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) to multi-carbon products (C2+ ) in acidic electrolyte is one of the most advanced routes for tackling our current climate and energy crisis. However, the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the poor selectivity towards the valuable C2+ products are the major obstacles for the upscaling of these technologies. High local potassium ions (K+ ) concentration at the cathode's surface can inhibit proton-diffusion and accelerate the desirable carbon-carbon (C-C) coupling process. However, the solubility limit of potassium salts in bulk solution constrains the maximum achievable K+ concentration at the reaction sites and thus the overall acidic CO2 RR performance of most electrocatalysts. In this work, we demonstrate that Cu nanoneedles induce ultrahigh local K+ concentrations (4.22 M) - thus breaking the K+ solubility limit (3.5 M) - which enables a highly efficient CO2 RR in 3 M KCl at pH=1. As a result, a Faradaic efficiency of 90.69±2.15 % for C2+ (FEC2+ ) can be achieved at 1400 mA.cm-2 , simultaneous with a single pass carbon efficiency (SPCE) of 25.49±0.82 % at a CO2 flow rate of 7 sccm.

Highly Efficient Decomposition of Perfluorocarbons for over 1000 Hours via Active Site Regeneration.

Tetrafluoromethane (CF4 ), the simplest perfluorocarbon (PFC), has the potential to exacerbate global warming. Catalytic hydrolysis is a viable method to degrade CF4 , but fluorine poisoning severely restricts both the catalytic performance and catalyst lifetime. In this study, Ga is introduced to effectively assists the defluorination of poisoned Al active sites, leading to highly efficient CF4 decomposition at 600 °C with a catalytic lifetime exceeding 1,000 hours. 27 Al and 71 Ga magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS NMR) showed that the introduced Ga exists as tetracoordinated Ga sites (GaIV ), which readily dissociate water to form Ga-OH. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and density function theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that Ga-OH assists the defluorination of poisoned Al active sites via a dehydration-like process. As a result, the Ga/Al2 O3 catalyst achieved 100 % CF4 decomposition keeping an ultra-long catalytic lifetime and outperforming reported results. This work proposes a new approach for efficient and long-term CF4 decomposition by promoting the regeneration of active sites.

Intermediates-induced CO2 Reduction Reaction Activity at Single-Atom M-N2 (M=Fe, Co, Ni) Sites.

Single-atom M-N2 (M=Fe, Co, Ni) catalysts exhibit high activity for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR). However, the CO2 RR mechanism and the origin of activity at the single-atom sites remain unclear, which hinders the development of single-atom M-N2 catalysts. Here, using density functional theory calculations, we reveal intermediates-induced CO2 RR activity at the single-atom M-N2 sites. At the M-N2 sites, the asymmetric *O*CO configuration tends to split into *CO and *OH intermediates. Intermediates become part of the active moiety to form M-(CO)N2 or M-(OH)N2 sites, which optimizes the adsorption of intermediates on the M sites. The maximum free energy differences along the optimal CO2 RR pathway are 0.30, 0.54, and 0.28 eV for Fe-(OH)N2 , Co-(CO)N2 , and Ni-(OH)N2 sites respectively, which is lower than those of Fe-N2 (1.03 eV), Co-N2 (1.24 eV) and Ni-N2 (0.73 eV) sites. The intermediate modification can shift the d-band center of the spin-up (minority) state downward by regulating the charge distribution at the M sites, leading to less charge being accepted by the intermediates from the M sites. This work provides new insights into the understanding of the activity of single-atom M-N2 sites.

Potential-Dependent Active Moiety of Fe-N-C Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

The real active moiety of Fe-N-C single-atom catalysts (SACs) during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) depends on the applied potential. Here, we examine the ORR activity of various SAC active moieties (Fe-N4, Fe-(OH)N4, Fe-(O2)N4, and Fe-(OH2)N4) over a wide potential window ranging from -0.8 to 1.0 V (vs. SHE) using constant potential density functional theory calculations. We show that the ORR activity of the Fe-N4 moiety is hindered by the slow *OH protonation, while the Fe-(OH2)N4 (0.4 V ≤ U ≤ 1.0 V), *O2-assisted Fe-N4 (-0.6 V ≤ U ≤ 0.2 V), and Fe-(OH)N4 (U = -0.8 V) moieties dominate the ORR activity of the Fe-N-C catalysts at different potential windows. These oxygenated species modified the single-atom Fe sites and can promote *OH protonation by regulating the electron occupancy of the Fe 3dz2 (spin-up) and Fe 3dxz (spin-down) orbitals. Overall, our findings provide guidance for understanding the active moieties of SACs.

Atomically Local Electric Field Induced Interface Water Reorientation for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

The slow water dissociation process in alkaline electrolyte severely limits the kinetics of HER. The orientation of H2 O is well known to affect the dissociation process, but H2 O orientation is hard to control because of its random distribution. Herein, an atomically asymmetric local electric field was designed by IrRu dizygotic single-atom sites (IrRu DSACs) to tune the H2 O adsorption configuration and orientation, thus optimizing its dissociation process. The electric field intensity of IrRu DSACs is over 4.00×1010  N/C. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulations combined with in situ Raman spectroscopy analysis on the adsorption behavior of H2 O show that the M-H bond length (M=active site) is shortened at the interface due to the strong local electric field gradient and the optimized water orientation promotes the dissociation process of interfacial water. This work provides a new way to explore the role of single atomic sites in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

Asymmetric Coordination Induces Electron Localization at Ca Sites for Robust CO2 Electroreduction to CO.

Main group single atom catalysts (SACs) are promising for CO2 electroreduction to CO by virtue of their ability in preventing the hydrogen evolution reaction and CO poisoning. Unfortunately, their delocalized orbitals reduce the CO2 activation to *COOH. Herein, an O doping strategy to localize electrons on p-orbitals through asymmetric coordination of Ca SAC sites (Ca-N3 O) is developed, thus enhancing the CO2 activation. Theoretical calculations indicate that asymmetric coordination of Ca-N3 O improves electron-localization around Ca sites and thus promotes *COOH formation. X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy shows the obtained Ca-N3 O features: one O and three N coordinated atoms with one Ca as a reactive site. In situ attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy proves that Ca-N3 O promotes *COOH formation. As a result, the Ca-N3 O catalyst exhibits a state-of-the-art turnover frequency of ≈15 000 per hour in an H-cell and a large current density of -400 mA cm-2 with a CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) ≥ 90% in a flow cell. Moreover, Ca-N3 O sites retain a FE above 90% even with a 30% diluted CO2 concentration.

Synthesis of a Hexagonal Phase ZnS Photocatalyst for High CO Selectivity in CO2 Reduction Reactions.

ZnS materials exhibit very negative potential of the conduction band, which is promising in photocatalytic reduction reactions. Unfortunately, previously reported ZnS materials for photocatalysis are mainly in the cubic phase, which produce high activity for H2 evolutions and low activity toward CO2 reductions. Herein, a hexagonal phase ZnS photocatalyst is fabricated for highly efficient CO2 reduction reactions. The hexagonal ZnS nanoplates with the pure phase and well crystallization are synthesized via three-step solvothermal methods. In photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions under an aqueous solution environment, the hexagonal ZnS produces a CO selectivity of 21%, which is distinctly higher than that of 0.2% for commonly used cubic ZnS. The energy band study suggests that hexagonal ZnS possesses a slightly more negative conduction band and wider bandgap than cubic ZnS. Theoretical calculations reveal that the hexagonal ZnS possesses increased electron density around Zn atoms as that of cubic ZnS. Furthermore, hexagonal ZnS exhibits relatively reduced absorption energy of CO2 reduction intermediates and increased absorption energy of H* as cubic ZnS, which result in better selectivity toward CO2 reduction reactions. This study offers deep insights into the synthesis and electronic structure of hexagonal ZnS for CO2 reduction reactions, which inspire the design of highly active photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis.

Proton Transfer Dynamics-Mediated CO2 Electroreduction.

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) is crucial to addressing environmental crises and producing chemicals. Proton activation and transfer are essential in CO2 RR. To date, few research reviews have focused on this process and its effect on catalytic performance. Recent studies have demonstrated ways to improve CO2 RR by regulating proton transfer dynamics. This Concept highlights the use of regulating proton transfer dynamics to enhance CO2 RR for the target product and discusses modulation strategies for proton transfer dynamics and operative mechanisms in typical systems, including single-atom catalysts, molecular catalysts, metal heterointerfaces, and organic-ligand modified metal catalysts. Characterization methods for proton transfer dynamics during CO2 RR are also discussed, providing powerful tools for the hydrogen-involving electrochemical study. This Concept offers new insights into the CO2 RR mechanism and guides the design of efficient CO2 RR systems.

Highly Selective Monomethylation of Amines with CO2 /H2 via Ag/Al2 O3 as a Catalyst.

The selective synthesis of monomethylated amines with CO2 is particularly challenging because the formation of tertiary amines is thermodynamically more favorable. Herein, a new strategy for the controllable synthesis of N-monomethylated amines from primary amines and CO2 /H2 is explored. First-principle calculations reveal that the dissociation of H2 via an heterolytic route reduces the reactivity of methylated amines and thus inhibit successive methylation. In situ DRIFTS proves the process of formation and decomposition of ammonium salt by secondary amine reversible binding with H+ on the Ag/Al2 O3 catalyst, thereby reducing its reactivity. Meanwhile, the energy barrier for the rate-determining step of monomethylation was much lower than that of overmethylation (0.34 eV vs. 0.58 eV) means amines monomethylation in preference to successive methylation. Under optimal reaction conditions, a variety of amines were converted to the corresponding monomethylated amines in good to excellent yields, and more than 90 % yield of product was obtained.

Interfacial C-S Bonds of g-C3 N4 /Bi19 Br3 S27 S-Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction.

Step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunctions have been extensively studied in photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2 ) reduction due to their excellent charge separation and high redox ability. The built-in electric field at the interface of a S-scheme heterojunction serves as the driving force for charge transfer, however, the poor interfacial contact greatly restricts the carrier migration rate. Herein, we synthesized the g-C3 N4 /Bi19 Br3 S27 S-scheme heterostructure through in situ deposition of Bi19 Br3 S27 (BBS) on porous g-C3 N4 (P-CN) nanosheets. The C-S bonds formed at the interface help to enhance the built-in electric field, thereby promoting the charge transfer and separation. As a result, the CO2 reduction reaction performance of 10 %Bi19 Br3 S27 /g-C3 N4 (BBS/P-CN) reaches 32.78 µmol g-1 h-1 , which is 341.4 and 18.7 times higher than that of pure BBS and P-CN, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) prove the presence of chemical bonds (C-S) between the P-CN and BBS. The S-scheme charge-transfer mechanism was analyzed via XPS and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work provides a new idea for designing heterojunction photocatalysts with interfacial chemical bonds to achieve high charge-transfer and catalytic activity.