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1.
Front Plant Sci ; 14: 1139232, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37332724

ABSTRACT

Forests are suffering water stress due to climate change; in some parts of the globe, forests are being exposed to the highest temperatures historically recorded. Machine learning techniques combined with robotic platforms and artificial vision systems have been used to provide remote monitoring of the health of the forest, including moisture content, chlorophyll, and nitrogen estimation, forest canopy, and forest degradation, among others. However, artificial intelligence techniques evolve fast associated with the computational resources; data acquisition, and processing change accordingly. This article is aimed at gathering the latest developments in remote monitoring of the health of the forests, with special emphasis on the most important vegetation parameters (structural and morphological), using machine learning techniques. The analysis presented here gathered 108 articles from the last 5 years, and we conclude by showing the newest developments in AI tools that might be used in the near future.

2.
Plants (Basel) ; 10(4)2021 Apr 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33916338

ABSTRACT

The vegetation indices derived from spectral reflectance have served as an indicator of vegetation's biophysical and biochemical parameters. Some of these indices are capable of characterizing more than one parameter at a time. This study examines the feasibility of retrieving several spectral vegetation indices from a single index under the assumption that all these indices are correlated with water content. The models used are based on a linear regression adjusted with least squares. The spectral signatures of Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata, which constitute 97.5% of the forest plantation in Valparaiso region in Chile, have been used to test and validate the proposed approach. The linear models were fitted with an independent data set from which their performance was assessed. The results suggest that from the Leaf Water Index, other spectral indices can be recovered with a root mean square error up to 0.02, a bias of 1.12%, and a coefficient of determination of 0.77. The latter encourages using a sensor with discrete wavelengths instead of a continuum spectrum to estimate the forestry's essential parameters.

3.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 11364, 2020 Jul 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32647154

ABSTRACT

Soot emissions from flaming combustion are relevant as a significant source of atmospheric pollution and as a source of nanomaterials. Candles are interesting targets for soot characterization studies since they burn complex fuels with a large number of carbon atoms, and yield stable and repeatable flames. We characterized the soot particle size distributions in a candle flame using the planar two-color time-resolved laser induced incandescence (2D-2C TiRe-LII) technique, which has been successfully applied to different combustion applications, but never before on a candle flame. Soot particles are heated with a planar laser sheet to temperatures above the normal flame temperatures. The incandescent soot particles emit thermal radiation, which decays over time when the particles cool down to the flame temperature. By analyzing the temporal decay of the incandescence signal, soot particle size distributions within the flame are obtained. Our results are consistent with previous works, and show that the outer edges of the flame are characterized by larger particles ([Formula: see text]), whereas smaller particles ([Formula: see text]) are found in the central regions. We also show that our effective temperature estimates have a maximum error of 100 K at early times, which decreases as the particles cool.

4.
Infectio ; 24(2): 114-127, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1114851

ABSTRACT

Intestinal coccidia have been classified as protozoa of the Apicomplex phylum, with the presence of an intracellular behavior and adaptation to the habit of the intestinal mucosa, related to several parasites that can cause enteric infections in humans, generating especially complications in immunocompetent patients and opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed patients. Alterations such as HIV/AIDS, cancer and immunosuppression. Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cystoisospora belli are frequently found in the species. Multiple cases have been reported in which their parasitic organisms are associated with varying degrees of infections in the host, generally characterized by gastrointestinal clinical manifestations that can be observed with diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, malaise and severe dehydration. Therefore, in this review a specific study of epidemiology has been conducted in relation to its distribution throughout the world and in Colombia, especially, global and national reports about the association of coccidia informed with HIV/AIDS. Proposed revision considering the needs of a consolidated study in parasitology, establishing clarifications from the transmission mechanisms, global and national epidemiological situation, impact at a clinical level related to immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, as well as a focus on public health in institutional government policies and scientific information based on the characterization of coccidia in the tropical region and Colombia.


Los coccidios intestinales se han clasificado como protozoos del Apicomplexa phylum, con presencia de un comportamiento intracelular y adaptación al hábito de la mucosa intestinal, relacionado con varios parásitos que pueden causar infecciones entéricas en los humanos, generando especialmente complicaciones en pacientes inmunocompetentes e infecciones oportunistas en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. Alteraciones como el VIH/SIDA, cáncer e inmunosupresión con tratamientos farmacológicos. En las especies que se encuentran frecuentemente se encuentran Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis y Cystoisospora belli. Se han reportado múltiples casos en los que sus organismos parásitos se asocian a diversos grados de infecciones en el huésped, generalmente caracterizadas por manifestaciones clínicas gastrointestinales que pueden observarse con diarrea, vómitos, calambres abdominales, malestar general y deshidratación severa. Por lo tanto, en esta revisión se ha realizado un estudio específico de epidemiología con relación a su distribución en todo el mundo y en Colombia, especialmente, reportes a nivel global y nacional a cerca de la asociación de coccidios informados con el VIH/SIDA. Revisión propuesta con el objetivo de considerar las necesidades de un estudio consolidado a nivel del campo de la parasitología, evidenciando literatura actualizada, estableciendo información de los mecanismos de transmisión, situación epidemiológica global y nacional, impacto a nivel clínico relacionadas con individuos inmunocompetentes e inmunocomprometidos, así como un enfoque en salud pública en políticas gubernamentales institucionales y la información científica basada en la caracterización de coccidias en la región tropical y principalmente en Colombia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coccidia , Parasites , Public Health , Epidemiology , HIV , Immunosuppression Therapy , Colombia , Cryptosporidium , Cyclospora
5.
PLoS Biol ; 18(3): e3000638, 2020 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32208418

ABSTRACT

Caenorhabditis elegans and its cognate bacterial diet comprise a reliable, widespread model to study diet and microbiota effects on host physiology. Nonetheless, how diet influences the rate at which neurons die remains largely unknown. A number of models have been used in C. elegans as surrogates for neurodegeneration. One of these is a C. elegans strain expressing a neurotoxic allele of the mechanosensory abnormality protein 4 (MEC-4d) degenerin/epithelial Na+ (DEG/ENaC) channel, which causes the progressive degeneration of the touch receptor neurons (TRNs). Using this model, our study evaluated the effect of various dietary bacteria on neurodegeneration dynamics. Although degeneration of TRNs was steady and completed at adulthood in the strain routinely used for C. elegans maintenance (Escherichia coli OP50), it was significantly reduced in environmental and other laboratory bacterial strains. Strikingly, neuroprotection reached more than 40% in the E. coli HT115 strain. HT115 protection was long lasting well into old age of animals and was not restricted to the TRNs. Small amounts of HT115 on OP50 bacteria as well as UV-killed HT115 were still sufficient to produce neuroprotection. Early growth of worms in HT115 protected neurons from degeneration during later growth in OP50. HT115 diet promoted the nuclear translocation of DAF-16 (ortholog of the FOXO family of transcription factors), a phenomenon previously reported to underlie neuroprotection caused by down-regulation of the insulin receptor in this system. Moreover, a daf-16 loss-of-function mutation abolishes HT115-driven neuroprotection. Comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics approaches pinpointed the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and lactate as metabolites differentially produced between E. coli HT115 and OP50. HT115 mutant lacking glutamate decarboxylase enzyme genes (gad), which catalyze the conversion of GABA from glutamate, lost the ability to produce GABA and also to stop neurodegeneration. Moreover, in situ GABA supplementation or heterologous expression of glutamate decarboxylase in E. coli OP50 conferred neuroprotective activity to this strain. Specific C. elegans GABA transporters and receptors were required for full HT115-mediated neuroprotection. Additionally, lactate supplementation also increased anterior ventral microtubule (AVM) neuron survival in OP50. Together, these results demonstrate that bacterially produced GABA and other metabolites exert an effect of neuroprotection in the host, highlighting the role of neuroactive compounds of the diet in nervous system homeostasis.


Subject(s)
Caenorhabditis elegans/physiology , Escherichia coli/physiology , Neurons/pathology , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism , Age Factors , Animals , Bacteria/metabolism , Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics , Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism , Collagen/genetics , Diet , Escherichia coli/genetics , Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics , Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Glutamate Decarboxylase/genetics , Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism , Interneurons/pathology , Interneurons/physiology , Lactates/metabolism , Lactates/pharmacology , Mechanoreceptors/pathology , Mechanoreceptors/physiology , Mutation , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/physiology , Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
6.
Sci Total Environ ; 706: 134978, 2020 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31862585

ABSTRACT

Respiratory diseases are ranked in the top ten group of the most frequent illness in the globe. Emergency admissions are proof of this issue, especially in the winter season. For this study, the city of Santiago de Chile was chosen because of the high variability of the time series for admissions, the quality of data collected in the governmental repository DEIS (selected period: 2014-2018), and the poor ventilation conditions of the city, which in winter contributes to increase the pollution level, and therefore, respiratory emergency admissions. Different forecasting models were reviewed using the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) with other error estimators, such as the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), for selecting the best approach. At the end, Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model, with parameters (p,d,q)(P,D,Q)s=(2,1,3)(3,0,2)7, was selected. The Mean Average Percentage Error (MAPE) for this model was 7.81%. After selection, an investigation of its performance was made using a cross-validation through a rolling window analysis, forecasting up to 30 days ahead (testing period of one year). The results showed that error do not exceed a MAPE of 20%. This allows taking better resource managing decisions in real scenarios: reactive staff hiring is avoided given the reduction of uncertainty for the medium term forecast, which translates into lower costs. Finally, a methodology for the selection of forecasting models is proposed, which includes other constraints from resource management, as well as the different impacts for social well-being.


Subject(s)
Hospitalization , Animals , Chile , Forecasting , Humans , Models, Statistical , Seasons
7.
Sensors (Basel) ; 19(24)2019 Dec 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31842283

ABSTRACT

Fuel moisture content (FMC) proved to be one of the most relevant parameters for controlling fire behavior and risk, particularly at the wildland-urban interface (WUI). Data relating FMC to spectral indexes for different species are an important requirement identified by the wildfire safety community. In Valparaíso, the WUI is mainly composed of Eucalyptus Globulus and Pinus Radiata-commonly found in Mediterranean WUI areas-which represent the 97.51% of the forests plantation inventory. In this work we study the spectral signature of these species under different levels of FMC. In particular, we analyze the behavior of the spectral reflectance per each species at five dehydration stages, obtaining eighteen spectral indexes related to water content and, for Eucalyptus Globulus, the area of each leave-associated with the water content-is also computed. As the main outcome of this research, we provide a validated linear regression model associated with each spectral index and the fuel moisture content and moisture loss, per each species studied.

8.
Sensors (Basel) ; 18(5)2018 May 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29751625

ABSTRACT

Industrial combustion processes are an important source of particulate matter, causing significant pollution problems that affect human health, and are a major contributor to global warming. The most common method for analyzing the soot emission propensity in flames is the Smoke Point Height (SPH) analysis, which relates the fuel flow rate to a critical flame height at which soot particles begin to leave the reactive zone through the tip of the flame. The SPH and is marked by morphological changes on the flame tip. SPH analysis is normally done through flame observations with the naked eye, leading to high bias. Other techniques are more accurate, but are not practical to implement in industrial settings, such as the Line Of Sight Attenuation (LOSA), which obtains soot volume fractions within the flame from the attenuation of a laser beam. We propose the use of Video Magnification techniques to detect the flame morphological changes and thus determine the SPH minimizing observation bias. We have applied for the first time Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) and Phase-based Video Magnification (PVM) on an ethylene laminar diffusion flame. The results were compared with LOSA measurements, and indicate that EVM is the most accurate method for SPH determination.

11.
Sensors (Basel) ; 14(11): 19926-44, 2014 Oct 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25347580

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the overall design and implementation of a video sensor for the detection of risky behaviors of car drivers near previously identified and georeferenced black spots. The main goal is to provide the driver with a visual audio alert that informs of the proximity of an area of high incidence of highway accidents only if their driving behavior could result in a risky situation. It proposes a video sensor for detecting and supervising driver behavior, its main objective being manual distractions, so hand driver supervision is performed. A GPS signal is also considered, the GPS information is compared with a database of global positioning Black Spots to determine the relative proximity of a risky area. The outputs of the video sensor and GPS sensor are combined to evaluate a possible risky behavior. The results are promising in terms of risk analysis in order to be validated for use in the context of the automotive industry as future work.


Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Automobile Driving , Geographic Information Systems/instrumentation , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation , Photography/instrumentation , Video Recording/instrumentation , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods , Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Transducers
12.
Coluna/Columna ; 9(4): 353-357, out.-dez. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-572335

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: determinar a diferença dos valores angulares da cifose torácica utilizando como vértebra terminal cranial diferentes níveis (T2 a T5). MÉTODOS: foram avaliadas radiografias em perfil de cem adolescentes voluntários saudáveis da Escola Industrial do Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI) de Ribeirão Preto (SP), com prévia autorização dos pais ou responsáveis. Foram excluídas as radiografias de dez indivíduos por falhas na qualidade. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: mensuração da cifose torácica pelo método de Cobb, utilizando T2, T3, T4 ou T5 como vértebra terminal cranial e T12 como vértebra terminal caudal. RESULTADOS: foram avaliados 90 indivíduos (46 do sexo masculino e 44 do feminino), com idade variando de 13 a 15 anos (média 14±6). O valor angular da cifose torácica nos diferentes níveis variou entre 45º (T2-T12) e 35º (T5-T12) no sexo masculino, e valor angular entre 43º(T2-T12) e 30º (T5-T12) no sexo feminino. CONCLUSÃO: foi observada diferença constante de aproximadamente 5º quando comparados os valores angulares da cifose torácica utilizando diferentes níveis (T2 a T5) como vértebra terminal cranial.


OBJECTIVE: to determine the difference of the thoracic kyphosis angular values using different levels (T2 a T5) as a terminal cranial vertebra. METHODS: sagittal radiographies of one hundred healthy adolescent volunteers, who study at Escola Industrial do Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI) in Ribeirão Preto SP), were evaluated the sagittal radiographies of one hundred health volunteers adolescent, that studies at Escola Industrial do SESI in Ribeirão Preto (SP), with parents consent. Ten adolescents were excluded because of flaws in the quality. The studied parameters were: the measurement of thoracic kyphosis by the Cobb method, using T2, T3, T4, T5 as a terminal proximal vertebra and T12 as a distal final vertebra. RESULTS: Ninety individuals (46 men and 44 women), aged from 13 to 15 (average of 14±6), were evaluated. The angular value of thoracic kyphosis in the different levels varied from 46º (T2 - T12) to 35º (T5 - T12) in men, and from 44º (T2- T12) to 30º (T5 - T12) in women. CONCLUSION: A constant difference of approximately 5º was observed when comparing the angular values of thoracic kyphosis using different levels (T2 - T5) as a terminal cranial vertebra.


OBJETIVO: determinar la diferencia de los valores angulares de la cifosis torácica usando como vértebra terminal craneal, diferentes niveles (T2 a T5). MÉTODOS: fueron evaluadas radiografías en perfil de cien adolescentes voluntarios saludables de la Escola Industrial do Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI) de Ribeirão Preto (SP), con previa autorización de sus padres o responsables. Fueron excluidas radiografías de diez individuos por fallas de resolución. Los parámetros evaluados fueron: la medida de la cifosis torácica por el método de Cobb, usando T2,T3,T4 y T5 como vértebra terminal craneal y T12 como vértebra terminal caudal. RESULTADOS: fueron evaluados 90 individuos (46 hombres y 44 mujeres), con edades que varían de 13 a 15 años (media 14±6). El valor angular de la cifosis torácica en los diferentes niveles fue de 45º (T2-T12) y 35º (T5-T12) en el sexo masculino, y valor angular de 43º (T2-T12) y 30º (T5-T12) en el sexo femenino. CONCLUSIÓN: fue observada una diferencia constante de aproximadamente 5º cuando los valores angulares de la cifosis torácica fueron comparados, usando diferentes niveles (T2 a T5) como vértebra terminal craneal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Efficacy , Morbidity , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapy
13.
Acta ortop. bras ; Acta ortop. bras;10(1): 10-16, jan.-mar. 2002.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-414359

ABSTRACT

Foram estudados 13 pacientes com cifose patológica de diferentes etiologias (Doença de Scheuermann, espondilite anquilosante, congênita, tuberculose vertebral, sequela de laminectomia e síndrome de Morquio), que foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico. A cifose pré-operatória variou de 75 a 100 graus (média 73,3 graus) e a média dos valores após o tratamento cirúrgico foi de 42,3 graus. O tipo de tratamento realizado estava relacionado com as características da cifose (raio longo ou curto, flexibilidade e magnitude), e são apresentadas as diferentes técnicas e filosofia de tratamento dos autores para o tratamento cirúrgico dessa modalidade de deformidade vertebral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Kyphosis/surgery , Kyphosis , Kyphosis/rehabilitation , Spine/physiopathology , Scheuermann Disease/physiopathology , Laminectomy , Scheuermann Disease , Spondylitis, Ankylosing , Tuberculosis, Spinal , Spinal Curvatures , Spinal Diseases
14.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 36(11/12): 412-421, nov.-dez. 2001. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-335072

ABSTRACT

A abordagem anterior para o tratamento da escoliose tor cica tem sido apresentada como uma opção recente no ambito do tratamento cirurgico; os autores relatam os resultados iniciais obtidos com esse metodo no tratamento de 12 pacientes com escoliose tor cica (10 idiop ticas, uma siringomielia e uma neuromuscular). Os pacientes foram seguidos por um per¡odo de três a 24 meses (média de 12,4 meses) e a correçäo observada no plano frontal variou de 32° a 65°. No plano sagital a correção da cifose variou de 2° a 25°, tendo sido observados valores satisfat¢rios de correção dos demais parametros utilizados. O arrancamento do parafuso da vértebra proximal foi a complicação observada em um paciente; os resultados preliminares com a utilização dessa tecnica de correção foram satisfat¢rios


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Arthrodesis , Postoperative Complications , Scoliosis , Surgical Procedures, Operative
15.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 35(8): 301-308, ago. 2000. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-339706

ABSTRACT

Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de 64 pacientes portadores de fratura da coluna toracolombar tratados conservadoramente e avaliados por meio de parâmetros clínicos e radiológicos, com ênfase no aumento da cifose do segmento vertebral fraturado e sua correlação com o resultado clínico e funcional. Foi realizada correlação entre o potencial de perda de redução que a fratura apresentava e a perda observada durante o seguimento dos pacientes. Bons resultados clínicos foram observados em 56 pacientes (87,5 por cento) e maus em oito (12,5 por cento). A avaliação radiológica mostrou que não houve aumento da cifose segmentar em 50 pacientes (78,1 por cento) e dois destes (4 por cento) apresentavam resultado clínico insatisfatório, apesar da manutenção do valor angular. O aumento da cifose foi observado em 14 pacientes (21,9 por cento) e resultado clínico insatisfatório em seis pacientes desse grupo (42,8 por cento). De acordo com o potencial de perda de correção, foi observado que oito pacientes (12,5 por cento) pertenciam ao grupo I (sem potencial de perda de correção, mas com perda durante o seguimento); seis (9,4 por cento) ao grupo II (com potencial de perda e com perda); sete (10,9 por cento) ao grupo III (com potencial de perda, mas sem perda) e 43 (67,2 por cento) ao grupo IV (sem potencial de perda e sem perda).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Spinal Fractures
16.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 35(7): 240-247, jul. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-339697

ABSTRACT

Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de 32 pacientes com escoliose idiopática, submetidos à correção da deformidade com instrumental de Cotrel-Dubousset, seguidos por tempo médio de 4,4 anos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar aspectos clínicos pré e pós-operatórios, correção angular da deformidade no plano frontal (método de Cobb), correção da rotação vertebral (método de Nash e Moe), perda de correção no período pós-operatório tardio e as complicações pós-operatórias. Houve correção da deformidade e melhora do aspecto estético nos 32 pacientes. A correção da deformidade no plano frontal teve como valor médio 52,78 por cento (desvio padrão de 24,66 por cento) e a perda média de correção foi de 19,20 por cento (desvio padrão de 25,34 por cento). As complicações observadas foram: soltura de ganchos inferiores na convexidade em sete pacientes, descompensação da curva inferior em um paciente, perda importante da correção em um paciente, fratura da lâmina de T12 em um paciente e infecção pós-operatória em três pacientes. Não foram observadas quebra dos componentes do sistema de fixação ou complicações neurológicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Scoliosis
17.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 33(2): 119-24, fev. 1998. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-209159

ABSTRACT

Foi realizado estudo prospectivo de 15 pacientes portadores de fratura da coluna taracolombar tratados cirurgicamente por meio de fixaçäo de somente um segmento vertebral. Em 7 pacientes foi realizada abordagem combinada (fixaçäo anterior e posterior) e, em 8, somente fixaçäo posterior. Os pacientes foram seguidos por período que variou de 3 a 36 meses e avaliados clínica (escala de Denis) e radiologicamente. A avaliaçäo clínica mostrou escore satisfatório na maioria dos pacientes. A avaliaçäo radiológica mostrou perda da correçäo inicial na maioria deles, sem alterar suas atividades. A avaliaçäo desse grupo de pacientes permite concluir que a fixaçäo monossegmentar pode ser realizada com sucesso em alguns tipos específicos de fraturas toracolombares e deve ser evitada nos casos em que existe considerável acometimento do corpo vertebral fraturado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Fracture Fixation/methods , Spinal Fractures/therapy , Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries , Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries , Prospective Studies , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Thoracic Vertebrae/surgery
18.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 32(10): 822-6, out. 1997. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-210953

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam técnica original para reconstruçäo da área doadora de enxerto ósseo do ilíaco e os resultados iniciais com sua utilizaçäo em 15 pacientes. A reconstruçäo do ilíaco é realizada por meio da utilizaçäo da costela, retirada durante a abordagem anterior da coluna vertebral (toracofrenolombotomia ou toracotomia). A costela é dividida em dois segmentos, que säo encaixados no espaço criado no ilíaco, após a remoçäo do enxerto ósseo. A avaliaçäo clínica dos pacientes mostrou bom aspecto cosmético do local da reconstruçäo. Os segmentos de costela utilizados apresentaram boa integraçÒo radiológica. Foi observada reabsorçäo parcial desses segmentos da costela em dois pacientes, sem repercussöes no resultado cosmético. A técnica de reconstruçäo do ilíaco apresentou bons resultados clínicos e radiológicos. Sua execuçäo é simples e näo necessita de recursos técnicos ou implantes especiais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Bone Transplantation , Ribs/transplantation , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Arthrodesis , Follow-Up Studies
19.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 32(7): 546-54, jul. 1997. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-208672

ABSTRACT

Quarenta e três pacientes portadores de fratura da coluna toracolombar e tratados cirurgicamente pelo método de Harms foram estudados prospectivamente, com um seguimento mínimo de 12 meses, e avaliados por meio de parâmetros clínicos, radiológicos e relacionados as suas atividades profissionais. Trinta e cinco pacientes (81,3 por cento) eram do sexo masculino e oito (18,7 por cento) do feminino, com idade variando de 17 a 67 anos (média: 34,08 + 11,51 anos). As vértebras mais acometidas foram L1 em 15 pacientes (34,8 por cento), L2 e T12, ambas em 8 pacientes (18,6 por cento). Sete pacientes (16,2 por cento) apresentavam fratura de mais de uma vértebra e lesöes associadas estavam presentes em outros 15 (34,8 por cento). A indicaçäo do tratamento cirúrgico esteve condicionada a presenta de instabilidade do segmento vertebral ou déficit neurológico, tendo sido realizado em todos os pacientes enxerto anterior e fixaçäo combinada (anterior e posterior) com o sistema USIS. Em 7 pacientes (16,3 por cento) foi realizada fixaçäo monossegmentar, bissegmentar em 29 (67,4 por cento) e trissegmentar em 7 (16,3 por cento). Näo foi realizado nenhum tipo de imobilizaçäo externa no período pós-operatório em todos os pacientes e foi permitido sentar no leito ou deambular, assim que as condiçöes clínicas permitissem. Trinta e nove pacientes foram seguidos por período que variou de 12 a 36 meses (média: 16,58 + 6,83 meses). O quadro neurológico apresentou melhora em 16 pacientes (37,3 por cento), manteve-se inalterado em 26 (60,4 por cento) e piorou em 1 (2,3 por cento). Vinte e três pacientes (87,5 por cento) que näo apresentavam lesäo neurológica (Frankel E) retornaram as atividades profissionais; a duraçäo da incapacidade para o trabalho nesse grupo foi de 1 mOs (3 pacientes), 2 meses (4 pacientes), 3 meses (1 paciente), 4 meses (7 pacientes), 5 a 7 meses (5 pacientes), 8 a 12 meses (1 paciente) e superior a 12 meses (3 pacientes). A capacidade para o trabalho nos 24 pacientes sem lesäo neurológica era de 100 por cento em 21 pacientes, 50 por cento em 2 e nula em 1. A capacidade para a marcha neste grupo era de 1 a 5 quilômetros em 4 pacientes e superior a 5 quilômetros nos outros 20. As complicaçöes observadas foram óbito em 4 pacientes (3 embolias pulmonares e 1 septicemia), infecçäo (2 pacientes), síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (1 paciente)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Fractures, Bone/surgery , Orthopedic Procedures/methods , Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries , Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries , Follow-Up Studies , Prospective Studies , Lumbar Vertebrae , Thoracic Vertebrae
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