[The Drosophila CG9890 Protein is Involved in the Regulation of Ecdysone-Dependent Transcription].

Previously we showed that the CG9890 protein, which has zinc finger domains, interacts with ENY2-containing complexes and is localized mainly on the promoters of active genes. The CG9890 protein is involved in the regulation of the expression of some of the genes on the promoters of which it is located, and among these genes there are genes for the ecdysone cascade. In this work, the role of the CG9890 protein in the regulation of ecdysone-dependent inducible transcription was studied. For this, 12 ecdysone-dependent genes on the promoters of which the CG9890 protein is localized were identified. Their activation was studied after the addition of 20-hydroxyecdysone to cells, both in normal conditions and after RNA interference of CG9890. The expression of ecdysone-dependent genes is significantly increased in response to the treatment of cells with ecdysone, in contrast to the control genes. Moreover, in the cell line after RNA interference CG9890, the transcription of 8 out of 12 genes was significantly higher than in the control line. Thus, the CG9890 protein is involved in the regulation of transcription of ecdysone-dependent genes, and, in most cases, acts as a repressor.

Drosophila Zinc Finger Protein CG9890 Is Colocalized with Chromatin Modifying and Remodeling Complexes on Gene Promoters and Involved in Transcription Regulation.

In this work, we conducted a genome-wide study of the zinc finger protein CG9890 and showed that it is localized mostly on the promoters of active genes. The CG9890 binding sites are low-nucleosome-density regions and are colocalized with the chromatin modifying and remodeling complexes SAGA and dSWI/SNF, as well as with the ORC replication complex. The CG9890 protein was shown to be involved in the regulation of the expression of some genes on the promoters of which it is located, with the ecdysone cascade genes accounting for a significant percentage of these genes. Thus, the CG9890 protein is a new member of the transcriptional network which is localized on active promoters, interacts with the main transcription and replication complexes, and is involved in the regulation of both basal and inducible transcription.

[Promising races of baker's yeast for the production of food ingredients enriched with selenium and chromium].

It is known, that Saccharomycetes can accumulate mineral substances with targeted enrichment of the growth medium. However, the influence of the genetic affiliation of the culture and the technological factors of yeast strains, the composition of growth media on the efficiency of essential trace elements incorporation into the biomass and on the change of theirs intracellular components content have hardly been investigated. In this regard, the aims of this work was to select promising races of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, develop a biotechnological method for obtaining food ingredients enriched with selenium and chromium on their basis, and study their trace element composition. Material and methods. Industrial strains of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were used: RCAM 01137, Y-3439 and Y-581. Yeast were grown on malt wort (pH 4.6) with a dry matter content of 12% with the addition of mineral salts in stationary conditions at a temperature of 30 °C for 18 h, after which the yeast biomass was separated by centrifugation. A method for enriching yeast with trace elements has been selected, which consists in the process of culturing cells on malt growth media containing chromium chloride or selenium dioxide in various concentrations. The total protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, polysaccharides and ergosterol - by spectrofluorometric method, selenium - by fluorimetric method. The content of trace elements in yeast biomass enriched with chromium was studied by mass spectrometric method with inductively coupled plasma. Results. It was shown that the highest specific growth rate was demonstrated by the yeast strains RCAM 01137 and Y-3439, and the highest level of maltase activity was in the Y-581 strain. It was found that the amount of biomass after cultivation of the yeast S. cerevisiae RCAM 01137 and Y-3439 was 6.00 и 5.42 g/100 cm3, respectively. It was noted, that the yeast S. cerevisiae Y-581 had capability of high synthesis of ergosterol (1.08±0.04%), the level of which was 2 fold higher than other strains. S. cerevisiae RCAM 01137 yeast showed the greatest ability to selenium enrichment, its content in biomass increased 137 fold and amounted to 2740 µg% when cultivated on a medium containing 800 µg/dm3. S. cerevisiae Y-581 yeast strain showed the highest capability to chromium sorption. The chromium concentration in its biomass was 8340 µg% in case of cultivating on a medium containing 750 µg/dm3. The usage of about 2.7 g of selenium enriched yeast biomass, or 1.0 g chromium enriched one, satisfies the daily requirement for these trace elements. Conclusion. Cultivation of S. cerevisiae cells on growth media containing trace elements makes it possible to obtain yeast biomass samples that can be used to obtain food ingredients for creating food products that contribute to the maintaining human health and improve the quality and duration of life.

Zinc Finger Protein CG9890 - New Component of ENY2-Containing Complexes of Drosophila.

In previous studies, we showed that the insulator protein Su(Hw) containing zinc finger domains interacts with the ENY2 protein and recruits the ENY2-containing complexes on Su(Hw)-dependent insulators, participating in the regulation of transcription and in the positioning of replication origins. Here, we found interaction between ENY2 and CG9890 protein, which also contains zinc finger domains. The interaction between ENY2 and CG9890 was confirmed. It was established that CG9890 protein is localized in the nucleus and interacts with the SAGA, ORC, dSWI/SNF, TFIID, and THO protein complexes.

[Biodegradation of proteins of grain raw materials for the production of new bakery products].

The effect of enzyme systems on the degree of protein destruction of grain crops to obtain new types of bakery products has been studied. Protein and amino acid composition of triticale grain crop in comparison with wheat and rye one has been studied. The high biological value of triticale proteins containing 38.75% of essential amino acids while in wheat - 34.93% has been shown. The influence of different enzyme systems (ES) with proteolytic action on the efficiency of catalytic modification of triticale proteins has been investigated. It was found that the highest activity was shown by the enzymatic system ES-1, synthesized by the mycelial fungus Aspergillus oryzae, as a result of which at a concentration of 5 u/g, the level of accumulation of amine nitrogen in triticale enzymatic hydrolysates was 125 mg%; the degree of hydrolysis of proteins was 90%. Enzyme preparations of bacterial origin, as well as alkalase and papain had a lower ability to hydrolyze triticale proteins. The fractional composition of modified proteins obtained by ES-1 showed a decrease in their molecular weight (to 35 kDa). Analysis of amino acid composition in grain enzymatic hydrolysates showed that as a result of exposure to FS-1, about 50% of the total number of amino acids passed into the free state, of which 38.8 to 43.6% were essential amino acids. The recipes of breads, containing composition of wheat flour and fermentolizates of the whole-grain triticale flour in the ratio 1:1 have been tested. The amino acid composition of the bread showed that the test samples contained 6.2 fold more free amino acids than the control. The use of fermented triticale in the recipes of bread allowed to increase the content of essential amino acids such as methionine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and lysine in 2.0-5.0 times. It was shown that the developed technology allowed baking bread containing peptides with reduced molecular weight and free amino acids, which by its organoleptic and physic-chemical parameters corresponded to classic bakery products.