ABSTRACT
El análisis de las bases de datos disponibles relacionadas con VIH/SIDA confirma un cambio de paradigma en la esperanza de vida del paciente: ahora el VIH se ha convertido en una enfermedad crónica, con la que los pacientes están envejeciendo. No obstante, este avance se acompaña de una contraparte negativa: debido al incremento en el número de años de vida ganados, se da una prevalencia de comorbilidades mayor a la de la población general y a una edad más temprana. Reducir el riesgo asociado a todas las comorbilidades que puede desarrollar el paciente con VIH/SIDA mientras envejece debe ser hoy en día un objetivo de salud, que se suma a los objetivos tradicionales que hasta ahora formaban parte de la estrategia para reducir el impacto de la infección por el VIH. En el caso específico de la mujer, además es necesario formar a las mujeres peri y postmenopáusicas para incrementar sus habilidades y su motivación para el cuidado de su salud; también es muy importante que se examine el rol que puede tener la terapia de reemplazo hormonal en la reducción de sus síntomas
The analysis of the available databases related to HIV/AIDS confirms a paradigm shift in the patient's life expectancy: now HIV has become a chronic disease, so patients are aging. However, this advance is accompanied by a negative counterpart: due to the increase in the number of years of life gained, there is a prevalence of comorbidities greater than the general population and at an earlier age. Reducing the risk associated with all the comorbidities that the ageing patient with HIV/AIDS may develop, must now be a health objective; it must be added to the traditional objectives that until now were part of the strategy to reduce the impact of the HIV infection. In the specific case of women, it is also necessary to train peri and postmenopausal women to increase their skills and motivation to care for their health; It is also very important to examine the role that hormone replacement therapy can play in reducing their symptoms
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Managed Care Programs/organization & administration , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Spain/epidemiology , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Aging , Comorbidity , Health Policy/trends , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Viral LoadABSTRACT
In Spain little research has focused on assessment of health indicators, both physical and psychological, in people living with HIV. The aim of this study is to evaluate a set of different indicators that allow us to identify psychological factors that may be influencing the quality of life of these people. The sample consist of 744 people infected with HIV aged between from 18 to 82 years (M = 43.04; SD = 9.43). Results show that factors such as self-esteem and leading a healthy lifestyle act as protectors in both, physical and mental health. On the other hand, financial problems, body disfigurement, and depressive mood could have harmful effects on both, physical and mental health. The structural model reveals depressed mood as the factor with greatest influence upon mental health, which in turn can be largely explained by factors such as the stress generated by HIV and personal autonomy. This work has allowed us to identify the vulnerability and protective factors that play a significant role in the physical and mental HRQOL of persons with HIV, providing guidelines for design and implementation of psychological intervention programs aimed to improve HRQOL in this population.
Subject(s)
Depression/psychology , HIV Infections/psychology , Mental Health , Quality of Life/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Depression/ethnology , Female , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/ethnology , Health Status , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/ethnology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Self Concept , Sickness Impact Profile , Social Support , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Previous studies in the house mouse have shown that the presence of Robertsonian (Rb) metacentric chromosomes in heterozygous condition affects the process of spermatogenesis. This detrimental effect mainly depends on the number of metacentrics involved and the complexity of the resulting meiotic figures. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the relationship between the chromosomal composition and spermatogenesis impairment in mice present in an area of chromosomal polymorphism (the so-called Barcelona system BRbS) in which Rb mice are surrounded by all acrocentric animals, no established metacentric races are present and the level of structural heterozygosity is relatively low. Using the terminal deoxinucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, we report higher frequency of apoptotic spermatogenetic cells in mice carrying six pairs of metacentrics at the homozygous state than in those carrying two or three fusions at the heterozygous state. Specifically, we detected a higher frequency of TUNEL-positive (T+) tubules and of T+ cells per tubule cross section and also a lower spermatid/spermatocyte ratio. These results indicate that the number of metacentrics at the homozygous state is more influential in determining apoptotic germ cell death than that of moderate chromosome heterozygosity. The percentage of germ cell death lower than 50 % found in our samples and the geographic distribution of the set of metacentrics within the BRbS indicate that although the spermatogenic alterations detected in this area could act as a partial barrier to gene flow, they are not sufficient to prevent Rb chromosomes from spreading in nature.
Subject(s)
Cell Death/genetics , Chromosomes, Mammalian , Germ Cells/metabolism , Polymorphism, Genetic , Animals , Chromosome Banding , Diploidy , Heterozygote , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Karyotype , Male , Mice , Spermatogenesis/geneticsSubject(s)
Cocaine-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Factor V/adverse effects , Thrombosis/chemically induced , Adult , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Cocaine-Related Disorders/drug therapy , Factor V/analysis , Female , Humans , Jugular Veins/diagnostic imaging , Radiography , Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Thrombosis/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
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