Subject(s)
Humans , Retinal Artery , Optic Neuritis , Diabetic Retinopathy , Carotid-Cavernous Sinus FistulaABSTRACT
El papel de la ecografía clínica o Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) en los pacientes con patología urgente se ha expandido exponencialmente en los últimos años. Con la ecografía clínica los médicos pueden realizar una evaluación rápida y decidir cómo actuar en situaciones en las que el tiempo es vital.La ecografía ocular es una de las aplicaciones desarrolladas más recientemente. En los pacientes con patología ocular grave no traumática tiene numerosos usos clínicamente relevantes: desprendimiento de retina, oclusión de la arteria central de la retina o patologías del nervio óptico, entre otras.La técnica está ampliamente disponible, es de fácil realización y puede proporcionar información incluso cuando la fundoscopia es imposible.En esta revisión describimos las bases de la ecografía clínica ocular centrándonos en el manejo de las principales patologías oftalmológicas urgentes no traumáticas a las que se puede enfrentar el médico en su práctica clínica. (AU)
The role of clinical ultrasound or Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in patients with urgent pathology has expanded exponentially in recent years. With clinical ultrasound, physicians can make a quick assessment and decide how to act in time critical situations.Ocular ultrasound is one of the most recently developed applications. In patients with severe non-traumatic ocular pathology it has numerous clinically relevant uses: retinal detachment, occlusion of the central retinal artery or optic nerve pathologies, among others.The technique is widely available, easy to perform, and can provide information even when fundoscopy is impossible.In this review, we describe the bases of clinical ocular ultrasound, focusing on the management of the main non-traumatic urgent ophthalmological pathologies that the physician may face in their clinical practice. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Emergencies , Eye Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Point-of-Care Testing , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
The role of clinical ultrasound or Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in patients with urgent pathology has expanded exponentially in recent years. With clinical ultrasound, physicians can make a quick assessment and decide how to act in time critical situations. Ocular ultrasound is one of the most recently developed applications. In patients with severe non-traumatic ocular pathology it has numerous clinically relevant uses: retinal detachment, occlusion of the central retinal artery or optic nerve pathologies, among others. The technique is widely available, easy to perform, and can provide information even when fundoscopy is impossible. In this review, we describe the bases of clinical ocular ultrasound, focusing on the management of the main non-traumatic urgent ophthalmological pathologies that the physician may face in their clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Emergencies , Eye Diseases , Eye Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Point-of-Care Systems , Point-of-Care Testing , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Serous chorioretinopathy has been associated with MEK inhibitors, including cobimetinib. We describe the clinical features of serous retinopathy observed with cobimetinib in patients with BRAF V600-mutated melanoma treated in the Phase III coBRIM study. METHODS: In the coBRIM study, 493 patients were treated in two randomly assigned treatment groups: cobimetinib and vemurafenib (n = 247) or vemurafenib (n = 246). All patients underwent prospective ophthalmic examinations at screening, at regular intervals during the study, and whenever ocular symptoms developed. Patients with serous retinopathy were identified in the study database using a group of relevant and synonymous adverse event terms. RESULTS: Eighty-six serous retinopathy events were reported in 70 patients (79 events in 63 cobimetinib and vemurafenib-treated patients vs seven events in seven vemurafenib-treated patients). Most patients with serous retinopathy identified by ophthalmic examination had no symptoms or had mild symptoms, among them reduced visual acuity, blurred vision, dyschromatopsia, and photophobia. Serous retinopathy usually occurred early during cobimetinib and vemurafenib treatment; median time to onset was 1.0 month. Most events were managed by observation and continuation of cobimetinib without dose modification and resolved or were resolving by the data cutoff date (19 Sept 2014). CONCLUSIONS: Cobimetinib treatment was associated with serous retinopathy in patients with BRAF V600-mutated melanoma. Retinopathy was generally asymptomatic or mild. Periodic ophthalmologic evaluations at regular intervals and at the manifestation of any visual disturbance are recommended to facilitate early detection and resolution of serous retinopathy while patients are taking cobimetinib. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01689519). First received: September 18, 2012.
Subject(s)
Azetidines/adverse effects , Azetidines/therapeutic use , Central Serous Chorioretinopathy/chemically induced , Melanoma/drug therapy , Mutation/genetics , Piperidines/adverse effects , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Central Serous Chorioretinopathy/diagnostic imaging , Central Serous Chorioretinopathy/pathology , Female , Humans , Indoles/therapeutic use , Male , Melanoma/pathology , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Time Factors , VemurafenibABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim is to describe the main characteristics of different approaches in vitreomacular traction surgery. Setting/Venue: The video (see www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/ 000442579) about vitreomacular traction surgery was created at the Department of Ophthalmology, Virgin Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain. METHODS: We present the surgical release of vitreomacular tractions in three different pathologies: (1) idiopathic epimacular membrane; (2) proliferative diabetic retinopathy with long-term hemovitreous, and (3) Coats' disease. RESULTS: Although functional success is less common than anatomical success, we will never be able to improve vision without restoring retinal anatomy. CONCLUSIONS: Vitreomacular tractions are perfectly well known by ophthalmologists. However, the method used to release them must be the least aggressive possible in order to avoid retinal tears or macular holes with subsequent visual loss.
