Emotional burnout, job satisfaction, and intention to leave among pre-hospital emergency healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, pre-hospital emergency healthcare workers (PHEHW) assumed critical responsibilities in controlling and preventing the spread of the virus. OBJECTIVE: This descriptive study aimed to explore the emotional burnout, job satisfaction, and intention to leave among PHEHW during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The study was conducted with 401 emergency medical technicians and paramedics. The Sociodemographic Data Form, the Emotional Burnout Scale, the Job Satisfaction Scale, the Intention to Leave the Profession Scale were used to collect data. The findings were assessed with a significance level set at p <  0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The participants demonstrated moderate scores in emotional burnout, job satisfaction, and intention to leave the profession. The analysis revealed a negative correlation, indicating that as emotional burnout increased, job satisfaction decreased, and the intention to leave the profession heightened. Notably, the participants who had 6-9 years of service, lacked knowledge about COVID-19, had no COVID-19 training, underwent COVID-19 testing, and experienced the loss of a healthcare worker due to COVID-19 exhibited higher levels of burnout. Furthermore, those who had 6-9 years of service, lacked knowledge about COVID-19, had no COVID-19 training, and lost a healthcare worker due to COVID-19 reported lower levels of job satisfaction. Additionally, participants who had 6-9 years of service, lacked knowledge about COVID-19, had no COVID-19 training, and experienced the loss of a healthcare worker due to COVID-19 displayed a greater intention to leave the profession. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to implement improvement initiatives that will increase the motivation and job satisfaction of PHEHW. These include the regulation of working hours and shifts, augmenting staff numbers, enhancing working conditions, improving salaries, and implementing strategies aimed at fostering motivation and job satisfaction.

Evaluation of the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and mental status of female employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the physical, mental, and social well-being of humans worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and mental state of female employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 726 participants. Data was collected using the Personal Information Form, fear of COVID-19 scale, and brief symptom inventory. RESULTS: The fear experienced by women during the social isolation and quarantine period was associated with depression, anxiety, somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, phobic anxiety and paranoid experiences. CONCLUSION: Women, young people, the elderly and single individuals were most likely affected psychologically during the pandemic. Thus, interventions and psychological evaluations are recommended at an early stage to minimize this effect. Such interventions must be implemented considering the strategic planning and coordination of risk groups.

Spouses' coping with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: is there a difference between male and female attitudes?

This descriptive study was conducted to determine the stress-coping status of spouses and the difference between male and female attitudes during the pandemic period. We collected data with the Personal Information Form and the Scale for Coping with Family Stressors from 533 participants. The mean age of women and men was 36.04 ± 10.04 and 37.13 ± 11.56, respectively. A significant difference in verbalizing with others, work - family segmentation, cognitive restructuring, changing behaviors, emotional disclosure, exercise, and spending more time with family was found between women and men (p < .05). A significant difference was also observed in coping mechanisms with family stressors between women and men, and thus, gender affects their coping attitudes. During crises such as pandemics, the community should be aware of the availability of mental health professionals, and spouses should also use effective coping methods with family stress at regular intervals.

The evaluation of treat and release attitudes of pre-hospital emergency healthcare professionals in case of hypoglycemia.

AIM: It is aimed to evaluate the knowledge of Pre-Hospital Emergency Health Services (PHEMS) staff about the treat and release criteria in hypoglycemia cases and their attitudes in the decision-making processes related to hospitalization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample of this descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 714 paramedics working in PHEMS in Turkey. A survey developed in Microsoft Forms, which includes various features such as age, gender, years of professional experience, developed in line with the literature, and questions covering treat and release in hypoglycemia cases and absolute hospital transport criteria, was used in the collection of data. Participants who agreed to participate in the study answered the online survey. FINDINGS: Of the 714 participants, 402 (56.30%) were female and 312 (43.70%) were male. 598 (83.75%) of the participants, who had a dilemma regarding the transfer of hypoglycemia cases that became stable after treatment to the hospital, decide to transfer the patient to the emergency room. 706 (98.88%) reported that the presence of another emergency that needs intervention in addition to hypoglycemia was decisive in the decision to transfer to the absolute hospital, and 586 (82.07%) reported that the patient's who did not return to his normal mental state after emergency medical intervention was decisive in the treatment and release decision. CONCLUSION: PHEMS employees have high knowledge and awareness related to treat and release criteria in hypoglycemia cases with which they have high experience. PHEMS employee, who has a dilemma related to making a treat and release decision, decides to transfer to the hospital with a high rate. PHEMS systems should define the treat and release protocols for hypoglycemia cases more clearly in order to use emergency services and health resources effectively.

Burnout status, occupational satisfaction, and intention to leave the profession of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic period; The Case of Turkey.

We examined the burnout status, professional satisfaction and intention to leave the profession of nurses who are actively working in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic period. We conducted the descriptive study with 371 nurses and collected using Copenhagen Burnout Scale (CBS), Occupational satisfaction scale (OSS) and Intention to leave the profession scale (ILPS). In this study, nurses showed a high level of exhaustion and intention to leave work, and a low level of occupational satisfaction. In the fight against COVID-19, the continuity of health services, at the same time, in order to provide adequate quality and safe health care, reducing working hours, bringing the shifts to an appropriate and reasonable time, improving the working environment and approaches that will increase their motivation and professional satisfaction are important to prevent nurses from experiencing burnout and to keep them in their professions and workplaces.

Analysis of awareness of gynaecological cancers In women using social media.

This study aimed to use social media to investigate the relationship between the demographic, obstetric and gynaecological characteristics and the awareness of gynaecological cancer among women. The data were collected between 1st March and May 2018 using an internet-baseline survey/surveymonkey/google form. The sample was consisted of 1227 women who were literate, active social media users and had volunteered to participate in the study via social media. The GCAS scores of women who were in the age range 20-24 years, primary school graduates, no social security, were not pregnant, had a miscarriage, did not examine their external genital organs, had not entered the menopause and who did not use any family planning methods, were lower than the other women. The GCA of the women was found to be high.

Effects of Surgical and Natural Menopause on Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Dyadic Adjustment: A Descriptive and Comparative Study.

This study aimed to assess body image, self-esteem, and dyadic adjustment in surgically menopausal, naturally menopausal, and perimenopausal women. This descriptive and comparative study was conducted in the clinics and polyclinic of a university hospital with a total of 274 women: 91 in the surgical menopause, 91 in the natural menopause, and 92 in the perimenopause groups. An Individual Introduction Form, the Body Cathexis Scale (BCS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) were used for data collection. The women in the surgical menopause group had significantly higher mean scores for RSES and BCS and lower mean scores for DAS than the women in the natural menopause and perimenopause groups, with the higher BCS and RSES scores indicating lower self-esteem and body satisfaction. A weak negative correlation was found among dyadic adjustment, self-esteem, and body image of women in the surgical menopause group. Results showed that body image, self-esteem, and dyadic adjustment in menopausal women were impaired. This impairment was greater in the surgical menopause group than in the natural menopause group. Additionally, the presence of comorbid chronic diseases, less education, and being overweight negatively affected dyadic adjustment in women. Clinicians' awareness of the importance of the psychological aspects of menopause and the difference in the effects of menopause transition on mental well-being (body image, self-esteem, and marital harmony) according to the occurrence of menopause will enable them to help patients cope more easily with this process.

The role of female volunteers in disaster response organisations: A qualitative research.

BACKGROUND: Despite a high demand for people to participate in disaster volunteering, the extent of contribution received from female volunteers in disaster response organisations constitutes an important debate. In the Elazig earthquake on 24 January 2020, the role of female volunteers in rescuing a female victim from the wreckage once again demonstrated the importance of considering female volunteers when creating response capacities for disaster risks. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative study aims to evaluate the roles of female volunteers who play an active role in disaster response organisations in a society with gender equality issues. METHODS: This qualitative study included 15 National Medical Rescue Team (UMKE) female volunteers who took an active role in the Elazig earthquake and was performed between 15.07.2020 and 16.04.2021. Data were collected using an in-depth interview method. The data were analyzed using content analysis and the comments were given descriptively. RESULTS: Based on the qualitative analysis, the following concepts were explored among the participants: Volunteering, volunteering in disasters, the effects of volunteering on social life, being a woman in disasters, volunteering female in disasters, the 'motherhood myth', gender inequality. Women are key actors in tackling disaster damage and increasing available social resilience to disasters. In addition, women can use special attributes such as motherhood, which is socio-culturally defined and taught as an advantage, for the common good of society. Moreover, special elements, such as the image of the 'superwoman' in relation to the responsibilities imposed on women in disaster response organisations, which distort gender equality against women, appear as possible factors of harm for women. CONCLUSION: This study shows that female volunteers can play a life-saving role in chaotic situations such as disasters, contribute to the empowerment of women, increase sensitivity to gender and, in connection with this, the development of democracy in societies where gender inequality is high. On the other hand, special situations such as the image of 'superwoman', which aims for excellence in both private and public spheres in the responsibilities imposed on women, can destroy gender equality against women and increase women's fragility.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence against pre-hospital emergency health workers.

BACKGROUND: Violence against pre-hospital emergency health workers is a growing problem worldwide and negatively impacts the effectiveness of emergency services. The social distancing, isolation and quarantine measures that have been employed to reduce the spread of COVID-19 have also had economic and psychosocial effects. Therefore, it is important to explore how the negative repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic have influenced these violent incidents that interfere with the work of emergency medical services (EMS). OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate how violence against EMS workers has been impacted by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This study takes an interpretive social science approach, using the qualitative method of in-depth semi-structured interviewing. Audio of the interviews was recorded with the interviewee's consent. Sound recordings were transcribed and their content was categorised into themes. Categorised texts were then evaluated using descriptive analysis. RESULTS: Participants reported that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, they encountered more violence than usual on EMS assignments to non-emergency situations, though a sense of gratitude towards health workers at the beginning of the pandemic and positives attitudes towards health workers also contributed to reduced violence towards them. The data indicate that workplace violence among EMS employees has increased as the problems caused by the pandemic have intensified, suggesting that additional measures need to be taken to protect them. CONCLUSION: In parallel with an increase in social violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, violence against EMS workers also increased in prevalence. A multidimensional approach should now be taken to determine how violence against EMS employees will be affected by risks such as the intergenerational transmission of social violence, a psychosocial repercussion of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially considering the increasing workplace violence among EMS employees.

Relationship between the symptoms of COPD and the quality of sexual life.

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the relationship between the symptoms experienced by women with COPD and the quality of their sexual life. Method: This study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was conducted at a hospital's chest diseases clinic located in the western of Turkey. The sample comprises 62 female patients hospitalized with diagnosis of COPD. A questionnaire form, the Medical Research Council Scale (MRCS), the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and the Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) applied to the women with COPD. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Kruskal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U Test, correlation and regression analysis, were used for the data analysis process. Findings: The decrease in the education level of the participants who have any accompanying chronic disease, and experience symptoms during sexual intercourse negatively affects their quality of sexual life. The quality of sexual life decreases as age, duration of marriage and duration of illness increase (p < 0.05). The results of the linear regression analysis carried out to predict the quality of sexual life of women with COPD shown that the increase in mMRC and CAT significantly decreased the quality of sexual life. These variables explain 58% of the variance. Conclusions: The result of the study shown the sexual quality of life of women with COPD was impaired and COPD symptoms affect them.

The effect of hopelessness on the perceived partner behaviors during Covid-19 pandemic process.

PURPOSE: It is aimed to evaluate the effect of hopelessness on the perceived partner behaviors during Covid-19 pandemic process in Turkey. DESIGN: Descriptive. METHODS: Totally, 486 participants have been included in the study. FINDINGS: It has been found that there is a positive correlation between codependence, disconnection, controlling subdimension and hopelessness in both women and men (p < 0.05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: In the study, the women and men who evaluate their partners as dependent, disconnected and controlling are hopeless.

Quality of Life and Perceived Social Support Before and After Sex Reassignment Surgery.

This study aimed to explore the pre- and postoperative differences in quality of life and perceived social support of Female-to-Male transsexual patients who underwent mastectomy and complete hysterectomy. Sixty-three Female-to-Male female individuals who underwent complete hysterectomy and mastectomy between November 2019 and November 2020 were included in this study. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form. The pre- and postoperative perceived social support mean scores of patients were 57.2 ± 9.0 and 74.9 ± 7.3, respectively. The pre- and postoperative quality of life mean scores of patients were 76.9 ± 8.3 and 107.8 ± 10.1, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the measurements (p < .05). In addition, the patients whose education level was primary school, whose income was less than their expenditure, whose father was a primary school graduate, whose family had a strict family opinion on sexuality, whose family had a traditional view, and who had a high body mass index were found to have higher postoperative social support perceptions and quality of life. The patients' postoperative quality of life and perceived social support improved after sex reassignment surgery.

Assessment of mental health issues in pregnant women with fetal complications: Relation to attachment and anxiety.

PURPOSE: Pregnancy period is important for all women. The aim of this study was to evaluate mental status, antenatal depression, attachment, and anxiety in pregnant women with fetal complications. DESIGN AND METHODS: Mothers who had been diagnosed with fetal complications during pregnancy were interviewed after the delivery of their babies. FINDINGS: The results showed that anxiety and depression scores were significantly higher in the mothers who had received psychiatric support treatment. Maternal attachment scores were found low, depression scores were found high in mothers of children with congenital anomalies. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, a maternal attachment was low and depression was high in mothers with congenital anomalies. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Possible psychological problems after birth can be prevented by psychotherapeutic nursing interventions during pregnancy to pregnant women who have babies with fetal anomalies.

Investigation of body image perception, self-esteem, and self-confidence in female-to-male transsexuals before and after sex reassignment surgery.

PURPOSE: The study was aimed at investigatting the changes in body image perception, self-esteem, and self-confidence of female-to-male transsexuals (FtM) after sex reassignment surgery (SRS). DESIGN AND METHODS: The quasi-experimental study was conducted with the female individuals who undergo FtM SRS between May 2018 and May 2019. The study data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Body Image Scale, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, and Self-Confidence Scale. FINDINGS: It was observed that the patients' postoperative body image perception, self-esteem, and self-confidence improved. As their postoperative body image perception was higher than was their preoperative body image perception, their postoperative self-esteem and self-confidence levels were also higher. In addition, as their self-esteem increased, so did their self-confidence. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: It was found that the patients' postoperative body image perception, self-esteem, and self-confidence improved.

The relationship among aging in place, loneliness, and life satisfaction in the elderly in Turkey.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between aging in place, loneliness, and life satisfaction in older people. DESIGN AND METHODS: The descriptive and cross-sectional study has used the Aging in Place Scale (APS), the Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS), and the Loneliness Scale for the Elderly (LSFE). The study was examined the correlation among APS, LSS, and LSFE. FINDING: In our study, when we examined the subscales of the APS scale, we found that the perceived social support, physical competence, and achievable social support of the elderly were at a high level. These high levels led to increased life satisfaction and decreased loneliness. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The results obtained in this study are particularly important for highlighting the importance of aging in place in reducing loneliness, which has a negative impact on the mental health of the elderly, and in shedding light on increasing life satisfaction in the later stages of life.

Investigation of the Relationship between Premenstrual Syndrome, and Childhood Trauma and Mental State in Adolescents with Premenstrual Syndrome.

PURPOSE: This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and childhood trauma and mental state in adolescents with PMS. DESIGN AND METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted with 702 students between September 2020 and November 2020. An Information Form, the PMS Scale, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Symptom Checklist (SCL)-90 were used as the data collection tools. RESULTS: The mean scores the participants with PMS obtained from the Symptom Checklist (SCL)-90 and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were higher than were those obtained by the participants without PMS. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive and weak statistically significant relationship between the PMS Scale, and SCL-90 and CTQ. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study demonstrated that adolescents with PMS suffered from childhood traumas and mental problems more.

Relationship of knowledge about and attitudes towards violence with recognition of violence against women among health staff in pre-hospital emergency medical services.

BACKGROUND: Domestic violence, specifically, violence against women, is prevalent in all segments of society regardless of social class, ethnicity, culture or country. In other words, domestic violence is a global concern. AIM: The study aims to investigate the relationship between the attitude and knowledge of the health staff in pre-hospital emergency medical services about violence against women and their recognition of such form of violence. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted on 1023 paramedics and emergency medicine technicians who work in the pre-hospital emergency health setting and are members of the Paramedic and Pre-hospital Emergency Medicine Association. The Attitudes towards Violence against Women Scale (ATVAWS) and Health Staff's Recognition of Signs of Violence against Women Scale (HPRSVAWS) were used for data collection. RESULTS: The mean scores for the ATVAWS and HPRSVAWS were 46.68 ± 6.92 and 20.31 ± 3.23, respectively. Of the participants, 48.5% had been subjected to violence, 43.93% had been subjected to violence perpetrated by their mothers, 41.53% had been exposed to physical violence and 4.2% remain exposed to domestic violence. Participants who had been exposed and those who remain exposed to domestic violence produced high scores in ATVAWS, which indicates an improvement in the traditional approach (less opposing view) to violence. High scores in the ATVAWS for (a) those who were exposed to violence in their workplaces, (b) who had never attended to actual or suspected cases of violence against women in their professional life, (c) who had attended to seven or more cases of violence against women, (d) who were less competent in physically examining actual or suspected cases of violence and (e) who had not been trained on violence against women, which indicates an increase in the traditional approach to violence. CONCLUSION: The study found that health staff in emergency health stations better recognised the signs of violence against women as their attitudes towards violence were less similar to the traditional approach. That is, they mostly held non-violent views. The characteristics, attitudes, perceptions and values of health professionals were considered important factors in addressing violence.

Effects of Biofeedback-Guided Pelvic Floor Muscle Training With and Without Extracorporeal Magnetic Innervation Therapy on Stress Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of biofeedback-guided pelvic floor muscle training (EMG-BF), with and without extracorporeal magnetic innervation (EMG-BF+ExMI) therapy on lower urinary tract symptoms based on frequency of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and grams of urine loss, health-related quality of life, and sexual function in women with SUI. DESIGN: This was a randomized controlled trial. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: The sample comprised 51 adult women with SUI. Their mean age was 50.92 years (SD 8.88). Twenty-six were randomly allocated to EMG-BF alone and 25 were allocated to undergo EMG-BF+ExMI. METHODS: This study's main outcome was lower urinary tract symptoms measured via the 1-hour pad test (grams of urine loss) and a 3-day bladder diary (frequency of stress incontinence episodes). Additional outcome measures were health-related quality of life measured with the Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) questionnaire, sexual function evaluated via the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and pelvic floor muscle contraction force measured via a perineometer and Modified Oxford Scale (MOS). All participants underwent biofeedback-enhanced pelvic floor muscle training using EMG during 20-minute sessions twice weekly for a period of 8 weeks. In addition to the EMG-BF+ExMI group, ExMI was applied during 20-minute sessions twice weekly for a period of 8 weeks. Participants from both groups were asked to perform pelvic floor muscle exercises at home (60 pelvic floor muscle contractions daily, divided into 3 sessions of 20 contractions each). Outcome measures were made at baseline and repeated at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Fifteen (57.7%) in the EMG-BF group and 13 (52.0%) in the EMG-BF+ExMI group achieved dryness. Four participants (15.4%) in the EMG-BF group and 5 (20%) in the EMG-BF+ExMI group experienced improvement. Seven patients (26.9%) in the EMG-BF group and 7 (28%) in the EMG-BF+ExMI group did not benefit from the treatments. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of cure and improvement (P = .895). CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that use of magnetic innervation does not improve lower urinary tract symptoms, health-related quality of life, sexual function, and pelvic floor muscle strength when compared to pelvic floor muscle training alone.

Investigating Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in Women of Reproductive Age and Factors Affecting It.

This descriptive study was designed to investigate the pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) of women aged 18 to 49 years and to examine the factors that may have an effect on PFMS. The study was conducted on 258 women who visited a gynecology outpatient clinic between January 2019 and January 2020, who met the research criteria, and who agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Information Form. The Modified Oxford Scale (MOS) and a perineometer were used to evaluate the PFMS of the women. The mean PFMS value measured using the perineometer was 31.56 ± 12.17 cmH2O (moderate pressure). The PFMS values were 20.00 to 29.9 cmH2O (weak pressure) and 30.00 to 39.9 cmH2O (moderate pressure) in 23.6% of the women, respectively. The PFMS values measured with MOS were of grade 3 strength (moderate pressure) in 23.6% of the women and grade 2 strength (weak pressure) in 23.3%. A statistically significant strong correlation was found between the perineometer measurement and the women's MOS values. Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found between the PFMS values measured with the perineometer, MOS scores, and women's age groups, educational status, marital status, employment status, income status, persistent cough, use of nicotine, alcohol and coffee consumptions, chronic constipation, history of frequent urinary tract infections, regular exercise, body mass index, history of pregnancy, mode of delivery, use of episiotomy at birth, perineal rupture at birth, use of forceps vacuum at birth, multiple pregnancies, delivery of a baby weighing ≥4,000 g, treatment during pregnancy, hysterectomy, menopause, frequency of sexual intercourse, and pain during sexual intercourse (p < .05). We conclude that most of the women in the study had weak to moderate PFMS, that the evaluation of PFMS with the MOS positively overlapped with the perineometric measurements, and that a number of sociodemographic and obstetric variables act as risk factors that affect PFMS. The PFMS of all women should be assessed as part of their routine gynecological examinations.

Psychological problem areas of pregnant women diagnosed with abortus imminens as a result of assisted reproductive techniques: A comparative study.

PURPOSE: The study was to evaluate the anxiety, depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and perceived social support of women who became pregnant using assisted reproductive techniques and who were both diagnosed or not diagnosed with threatened miscarriage (TM). DESIGN AND METHODS: This comparative and descriptive study was carried out with 194 pregnant women with-TM (96) and non-TM (98). The study data were collected using the Pregnant-Women-Information-Form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). FINDINGS: Women in the TM group were found to have higher mean scores from the BDI, BAI, and BHS, and a lower mean score from the MSPSS compared to the non-TM group (The group with TM had higher levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness than the group without TM, and the level of perceived social support by this group was lower). It was found that there was a strongly significant positive correlation in both groups between the BDI and BAI, and between the BDI and BHS. A strongly significant negative correlation was found between the BDI, BAI, BHS, and MSPSS in the TM group, whereas there was a moderately significant negative correlation in the non-TM group. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean BDI, BAI, BHS, and MSPSS scores according to age group, educational status, number of interventional in vitro fertilization attempts, and history of depression. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean BDI, BAI, and BHS scores according to previous abortion and family history of depression in the TM group. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Monitoring symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness in women diagnosed with TM who have become pregnant after infertility treatment, intervening due to the risk factors involved, may prevent possible mental problems and have a positive impact on the healthy continuation of the pregnancy.