Assessment of severity and mineral composition of saliva in schoolchildren with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH).

The aim of the study was to evaluate the severity of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), related oral health and investigate salivary mineral composition. The study was conducted with 50 participants aged between 6-15 years who were effected with MIH and 50 without MIH. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores, Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth/Surface (DMFT/S), dft/s and gingival/plaque indices were evaluated. The pH, flow rate, buffering capacity and mineral composition of saliva was measured. "Student t" test, one-way analysis of variance in repeated measurements of groups, and Tukey multiplex in subgroup comparisons was used. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon and chi-square tests were used to analyze qualitative data and compare groups. A total of 100 children (57 females 43 males, mean age 10.12 ± 1.85) participated in the study. There was no difference between ICDAS, DMFT/S scores, but dft/s index values were statistically significant (p = 0.001). The simplified oral hygiene index of MIH patients were statistically higher, but no significant differences were found in modified gingival indices (p = 0.52). Although the salivary pH and flow rate of the patients in the study group were lower, the buffering capacity was higher than those in the control group, but no significant difference was observed (p = 0.64). The mean values of phosphorus, carbon and calcium content in the saliva samples of MIH patients were higher than those of patients without MIH, and this difference was low for phosphorus (p = 0.76) and carbon (p = 0.74), but significantly higher for calcium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the association between calcium, phosphate and carbon levels in saliva of children with MIH. The significantly high amount of calcium in the saliva of patients with MIH suggests that further investigations are needed.

Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris using Two Niti Systems Associated with Two Irrigation Techniques in Primary Teeth.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 NiTi file systems [Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) and Reciproc (RP)] and 2 irrigation techniques [Conventional needle irrigation (CNI) and Laser activated irrigation (LAI)] on the amount of apically extruded debris in primary maxillary molars. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty extracted primary maxillary molars were randomly divided into 4 groups. The mesio-buccal roots of teeth in 4 groups were instrumented using TFA with LAI, RP with LAI, TFA with CNI and RP with CNI respectively. Debris extruded during instrumentation was collected into Eppendorf tubes and amounts were determined. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA test at 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: The results indicated all instrumentation and irrigation systems caused a measurable apical extrusion of debris. However, no statistically significant difference in debris extrusion was observed between irrigation techniques or instrumentation systems (P > 0.05). The total amount of debris extruded apically by LAI was greater than that by CNI. CONCLUSIONS: All instrumentation and irrigation techniques caused debris extrusion. However, the optimal laser activation time and power settings should be investigated to ensure minimal extrusion of debris and irrigant due to cavitation and pressure during LAI in root canal treatment.

Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of three flowable compomers on enamel of primary teeth: An in-vitro study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to determine Shear bond strength (SBS) of different flowable compomers on the enamel surface of primary teeth. The null hypothesis to be tested was that none of the flowable compomer would differ significantly from the other two with respect to SBS. As a result, the tested materials that have the easiest application on child patient is preferred. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty newly extracted non carious primary molars were selected. The buccal surface was cleaned and polished to obtain a flat enamel surface. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups of 20 teeth each, based on the flowable compomers applied, as follows: group I: Dyract Flow® (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany); group II: Twinky Star Flow® (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany); and group III: R&D Series Nova Compomer Flow® (Imicryl, Konya, Turkey). RESULTS: SBS in group II (6.78± 0.45 MPa) were significantly lower than groups I and III (8.30 ± 0.29 and 8.43 ± 0.66 MPa, respectively) (P<.001). No significant difference was found between groups I and III (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences existed between the SBS of the groups. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. Flowable compomers can provide adequate SBS with self-etching system at restoration of primary teeth. Thus, successful restorations in pediatric patients can be done in a practical way. KEY WORDS: Flowable compomer, primary teeth, shear bond strength.

In vitro evaluation of microleakage of class V cavities restored with new flowable compomers on the primary teeth.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro microleakage of new flowable compomers in the class V cavities of primary teeth. METHODS: Thirty freshly extracted, non-carious, primary molars without visible defects were used in this study. Class V cavities (n = 60), with the occlusal and cervical margins located in the enamel, were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 each. Group 1: restored with Twinky Star Flow (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany), Group 2: restored with Dyract Flow (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) and Group 3: restored with R&D Series Nova Compomer Flow (Imicryl, Konya, Turkey) according to the manufacturer's instructions. After a thermocycling regimen of 1000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C, the samples were isolated, immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsine solution for 24 h at 37°C and sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction. The sections were evaluated for values of microleakage with a stereomicroscope. RESULTS: All materials showed microleakage but no statistically significant difference was observed among the groups (p>0.05). The highest microleakage score was observed in group II (1.65 ± 0.49) and group I (1.75 ± 0.44) at occlusal and gingival margins, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Flowable compomers showed insignificantly least amount of microleakage in class V cavities prepared on primary molars.

The reliability of the Greulich and Pyle atlas when applied to a Southern Turkish population.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of Greulich and Pyle (GP) method for Southern Turkish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hand and wrist radiographs of 535 patients (276 females, 259 males aged from 10 to 18 years) selected retrospectively from the archive. Skeletal age (SA) estimation was performed according to GP atlas. The chronological age (CA) and SA were compared using the Paired t-test. RESULTS: The mean difference between the CA and SA ranged from 0.07 to 1.11 years. These differences between the CA and estimated SA were statistically significant in group I (10-10.90 years) (P < 0.001), group II (11-11.90 years) (P < 0.050), group III (12-12.90 years) (P < 0.001), group IV (13-13.90 years) (P < 0.010), and group V (14-14.90 years) (P < 0.001) for females. The mean difference between the CA and SA ranged from -0.41 to -1.79 years for females. These differences between the CA and estimated SA were statistically significant in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences were found in the CA and SA assessed by GP method for the Southern Turkish sample. SA was significantly over-predicted in the 10-15 year ages in males and for 10-18 year ages for females. It is appropriate to use GP method in Southern Turkish children; however, a revision is needed for better results and to minimize the mistakes.

Evaluation of the restoration success of endodontic therapy of the primary molars.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success rates of pulpotomized primary molar teeth restored with a compomer material with using United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. METHODS: In 173 primary molars of 156 child patients, aged within 4-9 years (mean age: 6.1±1.4 years), conventional pulpotomy treatment were performed. The teeth treated using calcium hydroxide, formocresol or ferric sulphate. After pulpotomy procedure, teeth were restored with compomer material. The teeth were evaluated as clinically and radiographically during a period of 12-24 months. Both of success of pulpotomy treatment and also restorative material (compomer material) were evaluated during follow-up period. The data were assessed with chi-square test. RESULTS: At the end of the first year, 45% of initial treated teeth were checked, but only 18% were checked at the end of the second year. The first year success rates in the groups treated with CH, FC, and FS were 87.5%, 95%, and 79%, respectively, and, as the number of controllable patients was lower, the success rates on available teeth were determined to be 88.3% and 80%, respectively, according to the materials at the end of the second year. Restorations having been made, they were analyzed in accordance with USPHS criteria. CONCLUSIONS: At the end of the first year, 67.5% of compomer restorations were detected to be original and healthy and at the end of the second year, 57% were deemed healthy. No statistically significant relationships were found between marginal adaptation, secondary caries and pulpotomy success (chi-square test, P>.05). Among the three groups, there is no significant difference in terms of success. The least successful age group was defined as 4-6 years.