Factors associated with urinary incontinence in middle-aged women: a population-based household survey.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and factors associated in a sample of Brazilian middle-aged women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2012 and June 2013 with 749 women. UI was defined as any complaint of involuntary loss of urine. The independent variables were sociodemographic data and health-related habits and problems. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-squared test and Poisson regression. RESULTS: The mean age was 52.5 (±4.4) years. The prevalence of UI was 23.6 %. Of these, 48 (6.4 %) had stress urinary incontinence, 59 (7.8 %) urinary urgency, and 70 (9.5 %) had mixed urinary incontinence. In the final statistical model, self-perception of health as fair/poor/very poor (PR: 1.90; 95 % CI, 1.45-2.49; P < 0.001), ≥1 vaginal deliveries (PR: 1.84; 95 % CI, 1.35-2.50; P < 0.001), higher body mass index (PR: 1.04; 95 % CI, 1.02-1.06; P = 0.001), vaginal dryness (PR: 1.60; 95 % CI, 1.23-2.08; P = 0.001), current or previous hormone therapy (PR: 1.38; 95 % CI, 1.06-1.81; P = 0.019), pre-/perimenopause (PR: 1.42; 95 % CI, 1.06-1.91; P = 0.021), and previous hysterectomy (PR: 1.41; 95 % CI, 1.03-1.92; P = 0.031) were associated with a greater prevalence of UI. Current or previous use of soy products to treat menopausal symptoms was associated with a lower prevalence of UI (PR: 0.43; 95 % CI, 0.24-0.78; P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Several factors are associated with UI in middle-aged Brazilian women. The results highlight the importance of carrying out interventions aimed at reducing modifiable factors.

Fatores associados às complicaçöes do abortamento / Factors associated with abortion complications

Foi realizado um estudo com 1.853 casos de aborto internados para tratamento de suas complicaçoes na Enfermaria de Ginecologia do Centro de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (CAISM-UNICAMP), no período de janeiro de 1987 a dezembro de 1992. As complicaçoes foram a infecciosa, hemorrágica, traumática, maior e geral, sendo que as variáveis estudadas que poderiam estar relacionadas às complicaçoes foram o ano de internaçao, a cor e a idade da paciente, seu antecedente obstétrico, a utilizaçao de métodos contraceptivos, a idade gestacional em que ocorreu o aborto e o tipo do aborto (provocado ou espontâneo). Utilizou-se análise múltipla por regressao logística para determinar as variáveis associadas às complicaçoes do aborto. Observou-se que o aborto provocado e a falta de um companheiro estável associaram-se à complicaçao infecciosa. A cor nao branca, o ano de internaçao e a ausência de um companheiro associaram-se à complicaçao hemorrágica. Já o aborto provocado, a cor nao branca e a idade gestacional associaram-se à complicaçao maior. Finalmente, a presença de qualquer complicaçao teve como fator associado o número de partos anteriores.