Subject(s)
Cryptochromes , DNA Damage , Light , Cryptochromes/metabolism , Cryptochromes/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Plants/genetics , Plants/metabolism , Plants/radiation effects , Arabidopsis/genetics , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Plant Proteins/genetics , Blue LightABSTRACT
KEY MESSAGE: Recently, a HT1 protein has been identified which causes continuous opening of stomata because of its kinase activity. However, reversible interaction between MAP4/12 and HT1 protein acts as a CO2/bicarbonate sensor and causes the closing of stomata by inhibiting HT1 kinase activity.
Subject(s)
Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Bicarbonates/metabolism , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Plant Stomata/physiology , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Nitric oxide (NO) has multifaceted roles in plants. He et al. report that NO produced in the shoot apex causes S-nitrosation of transcription factor GT-1. This mediator of NO signal perception subsequently regulates the expression of the HEAT SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A2 (HSFA2) gene, thus leading to thermotolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Subject(s)
Arabidopsis Proteins , Arabidopsis , Transcription Factors/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Heat-Shock Response/genetics , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/geneticsABSTRACT
MAIN CONCLUSION: In this study, we report that peroxynitrite is necessary for ethylene-mediated aerenchyma formation in rice roots under waterlogging conditions. Plants under waterlogging stress face anoxygenic conditions which reduce their metabolism and induce several adaptations. The formation of aerenchyma is of paramount importance for the survival of plants under waterlogging conditions. Though some studies have shown the involvement of ethylene in aerenchyma formation under waterlogging conditions, the implication of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in such a developmental process remains elusive. Here, we report an increase in aerenchyma formation in rice roots exposed to waterlogging conditions under which the number of aerenchyma cells and their size was further enhanced in response to exogenous ethephon (a donor of ethylene) or SNP (a donor of nitric oxide) treatment. Application of epicatechin (a peroxynitrite scavenger) to waterlogged plants inhibited the aerenchyma formation, signifying that ONOO- might have a role in aerenchyma formation. Interestingly, epicatechin and ethephon co-treated waterlogged plants were unable to form aerenchyma, indicating the necessity of ONOO- in ethylene-mediated aerenchyma formation under waterlogging conditions. Taken together, our results highlight the role of ONOO- in ethylene-mediated aerenchyma formation in rice and could be used in the future to develop waterlogging stress-tolerant varieties of rice.
Subject(s)
Catechin , Oryza , Oryza/physiology , Peroxynitrous Acid/metabolism , Catechin/metabolism , Ethylenes/metabolism , Plant Roots/metabolismABSTRACT
Abiotic stress is considered as the main culprit for reduction of global food production. Recent studies have reported GABA as a major regulator of abiotic stress and thus opening new avenues in research on emerging roles of GABA in abiotic stress acclimation in plants.
