ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Letrozole is superior to tamoxifen in terms of response and breast preservation rates as primary systemic therapy (PST) in postmenopausal women with ER-positive early breast cancer. However, the optimum duration of endocrine PST remains uncertain. METHODS: A phase 2 multicentre, open-label trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of letrozole over a preoperative period of 4 months to 1 year. Seventy postmenopausal patients (over 65 years) were recruited in four centers. The primary endpoint was to establish the optimal duration of treatment defined as the time required to attain the maximum response by clinical palpation. RESULTS: The median age of the group was 79 years (66-91) and the median tumour size 35 mm (range 25-100 mm). No severe adverse events were reported. Fifty-six patients were evaluable for the primary objective. A total of 43 patients (76.8%) achieved an objective response; 29 (51.8%) being partial and 14 (25.0%) complete. The median time to objective response was 3.9 months (95% CI, 3.3-4.5) and the median time to maximum response was 4.2 months (95% CI, 4.0-4.5), although 20 (37.1%) patients achieved the maximal response within 6-12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Letrozole shows a high activity and excellent tolerability as neoadjuvant therapy in elderly patients with endocrine-dependent breast cancer. Four to six months of letrozole as PST is an optimum duration with modest benefits thereafter.
Subject(s)
Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Nitriles/therapeutic use , Postmenopause , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism , Triazoles/therapeutic use , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Letrozole , Neoplasm Staging , Survival Rate , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Tynanthus panurensis (Bureau) Sanwith (Bignoniaceae) is a liana vine used in traditional Amazonian medicine as a tonic and energizer as well as a treatment for rheumatism. These traditional indications prompted this study of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of T. panurensis bark extract (ETP). Phytochemical analysis of ETP showed the presence of saponins and a high concentration of phenols and flavonoids. A battery of in vitro tests revealed that the extract has free radical-scavenging antioxidant properties and reduces microsomal lipid peroxidation, uric acid synthesis, and tumor necrosis factor-α production. The anti-inflammatory properties of ETP were further confirmed in vivo in a rat carrageenan edema model, in which the extract exhibited a potent activity. These results support the idea that T. panurensis bark extract could be beneficial for treating inflammation and are in agreement with one of the main traditional uses of this plant.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Bignoniaceae/chemistry , Plant Bark/chemistry , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Edema/immunology , Edema/prevention & control , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , HL-60 Cells , Humans , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Medicine, Traditional , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Rats, Wistar , South America , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Xanthine Oxidase/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
Se analizaron los resultados de 6,326 lecturas tuberculínas realizadas en 1971, 1973, 1975, 1979, 1981 y 1985, en niños menores de 9 años de edad, de localidades rurales de Jalisco, con el propósito de conocer la distribución de la infección. Siguiendo la metodología recomendada por la nidad de Vigilancia de Holanda y la División de Epidemiología de Japón. Se obtienen tasas de prevalencia para los 6 años estudiados y la proporción de reacciones insepecíficas; así como el riesgo anual de infección correspondiente a tres años diferentes. La prevalencia de tuberculosis es superior a otros estudios realizados, así como la proporción de reacciones inespecíficas. Los riesgos anuales de infección corresponden a tasas de incidencia de tuberculosis BK positiva elevadas. Se trata de explicar la prevalencia de reacciones inespecíficas y se menciona la posible limitación del estudio, aunque se considera que no le resta validez. Se mencionan las ventajas del riesgo anual de infección tuberculosa como indicador de la situación epidemiológica de la enfermedad
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Statistics , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Rural Sanitation , Tuberculosis/etiologyABSTRACT
The more import and useful plants used for people of some town of Marañon river basin (Department of Amazonas, Peru) are given to know. For each of them, we inform about its common name, used part, usages, and ecology.
Se dan a conocer las plantas utiles más importantes empleadas por los pobladores de algunas localidades de la cuenca del Rio Marañón del Amazonas, Perú. Para cada una de ellas se informa sobre su vernáculo, parte utilizada, uso y ecología.