Neuroimaging Features of Biotinidase Deficiency.

Biotinidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive condition caused by pathogenic variants in the BTD gene. Resultant deficiency of free biotin leads to impaired activity of the enzyme carboxylase and related neurologic, dermatologic, and ocular symptoms. Many of these are reversible on treatment, but early recognition and commencement of biotin supplementation are critical. This practice is especially important in countries where routine neonatal screening for biotinidase deficiency is not performed. In this report comprising 14 patients from multiple centers, we demonstrate the MR imaging patterns of this disorder at various age groups. Knowledge of these patterns in the appropriate clinical context will help guide early diagnosis of this treatable metabolic disorder.

Recommendations of the Society of Thoracic Surgery and the Section of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery of the Spanish Society of Anesthesia, Resuscitation and Pain Therapy, for patients undergoing lung surgery included in an intensified recovery program.

In recent years, multidisciplinary programs have been implemented that include different actions during the pre, intra and postoperative period, aimed at reducing perioperative stress and therefore improving the results of patients undergoing surgical interventions. Initially, these programs were developed for colorectal surgery and from there they have been extended to other surgeries. Thoracic surgery, considered highly complex, like other surgeries with a high postoperative morbidity and mortality rate, may be one of the specialties that most benefit from the implementation of these programs. This review presents the recommendations made by different specialties involved in the perioperative care of patients who require resection of a lung tumor. Meta-analyzes, systematic reviews, randomized and non-randomized controlled studies, and retrospective studies conducted in patients undergoing this type of intervention have been taken into account in preparing the recommendations presented in this guide. The GRADE scale has been used to classify the recommendations, assessing on the one hand the level of evidence published on each specific aspect and, on the other hand, the strength of the recommendation with which the authors propose its application. The recommendations considered most important for this type of surgery are those that refer to pre-habilitation, minimization of surgical aggression, excellence in the management of perioperative pain and postoperative care aimed at providing rapid postoperative rehabilitation.

Recommendations of the Society of Thoracic Surgery and the Section of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery of the Spanish Society of Anesthesia, Resuscitation and Pain Therapy, for patients undergoing lung surgery included in an intensified recovery program. / Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Torácica y de la Sección de Cardiotorácica y Cirugía Vascular de la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor, para los pacientes sometidos a cirugía pulmonar incluidos en un programa de recuperación intensificada.

In recent years, multidisciplinary programs have been implemented that include different actions during the pre, intra and postoperative period, aimed at reducing perioperative stress and therefore improving the results of patients undergoing surgical interventions. Initially, these programs were developed for colorectal surgery and from there they have been extended to other surgeries. Thoracic surgery, considered highly complex, like other surgeries with a high postoperative morbidity and mortality rate, may be one of the specialties that most benefit from the implementation of these programs. This review presents the recommendations made by different specialties involved in the perioperative care of patients who require resection of a lung tumor. Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized and non-randomized controlled studies, and retrospective studies conducted in patients undergoing this type of intervention have been taken into account in preparing the recommendations presented in this guide. The GRADE scale has been used to classify the recommendations, assessing on the one hand the level of evidence published on each specific aspect and, on the other hand, the strength of the recommendation with which the authors propose its application. The recommendations considered most important for this type of surgery are those that refer to pre-habilitation, minimization of surgical aggression, excellence in the management of perioperative pain and postoperative care aimed at providing rapid postoperative rehabilitation.

Aportación de la Fisioterapia al tratamiento del dolor pélvico crónico en endometriosis / Contribution of physiotherapy to the treatment of chronic pelvic pain in endometriosis

INTRODUCCIÓN: En 2010, el European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) publicó una definición de consenso para la sarcopenia. También desarrolló un algoritmo basado en la medición del rendimiento físico para la determinación de casos de sarcopenia. Se han publicado diversos estudios que determinan la prevalencia de sarcopenia con este algoritmo, pero hasta donde sabemos, no hay estudios publicados que comparen la prevalencia utilizando 3 métodos diferentes para la determinación del rendimiento físico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de sarcopenia utilizando el algoritmo propuesto por el EWGSOP en 2010 y comparar los resultados utilizando 3 métodos diferentes para el rendimiento físico. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio transversal de 97 personas de edad avanzada. Se obtuvieron medidas de masa muscular, fuerza muscular y rendimiento físico. Para diagnosticar la sarcopenia se utilizaron los puntos de corte y el algoritmo propuesto por el EWGSOP. El análisis de concordancia entre variables cualitativas utilizó el coeficiente kappa de Cohen. RESULTADOS: El coeficiente kappa encontrado comparando los resultados de los 3 métodos empleados para el rendimiento físico (Velocidad de la marcha; Timed Up & Go, Short Physical Performance Battery) indica que no existe concordancia entre ellos. El coeficiente kappa encontrado al comparar la prevalencia de la sarcopenia utilizando 3 métodos diferentes para el rendimiento físico indica que hay una concordancia casi perfecta (kappa ≥ 0,96). Al comparar los resultados del algoritmo propuesto por el EWGSOP en 2010 con un algoritmo simplificado donde no se tiene en cuenta el rendimiento físico, encontramos una concordancia casi perfecta (kappa ≥ 0,96). CONCLUSIONES: La igualdad obtenida para la prevalencia de la sarcopenia independientemente del rendimiento físico cuestiona la necesidad de tener que medir este parámetro para el diagnóstico de sarcopenia. Sería suficiente utilizar un algoritmo simplificado para obtener los mismos resultados en el diagnóstico de la sarcopenia. Los hallazgos encontrados son coherentes con la propuesta hecha por el EWGSOP2 en 2018

INTRODUCTION: In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a definition for sarcopenia. They also developed an algorithm based on the measurement of physical performance to determine cases of sarcopenia. Several studies have already been published that determine the prevalence of sarcopenia with this algorithm, but as far as we know, there are no published studies comparing the prevalence using 3 different methods for determining physical performance. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in a group of elderly people using the algorithm proposed by the EWGSOP in 2010, and to compare the results using 3 different methods for determining physical performance. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 97 elderly people. Measurements were obtained of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. To diagnose sarcopenia, the cut-off points and the diagnostic algorithm proposed by the EWGSOP were used. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was used for the analysis of the agreement between qualitative variables. RESULTS: The kappa coefficient, found by comparing the results for the 3 methods used to determine physical performance (Gait speed; Timed Up & Go test, Short Physical Performance Battery), suggests that there is no concordance between them. When comparing the prevalence of sarcopenia using 3 different methods for the determination of physical performance, the kappa coefficient found suggests that there is an almost perfect agreement (kappa ≥ 0.96). An almost perfect agreement (kappa ≥ 0.96) was found when comparing the results of the algorithm proposed by the EWGSOP in 2010 with a simplified algorithm where physical performance for the diagnosis of sarcopenia is not taken into account. CONCLUSIONS: The equality in the results obtained for prevalence showed that the measurement of physical performance is not a necessary parameter for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. To obtain the same results in the diagnosis of sarcopenia, it is enough to use a simplified algorithm. The findings found are consistent with the proposal made by the EWGSOP in 2018

Comparación de la prevalencia de sarcopenia en personas de edad avanzada según el algoritmo propuesto por el EWGSOP en 2010 para la identificación de casos de sarcopenia utilizando tres métodos diferentes para la determinación del rendimiento físico / Comparison of the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly people according to the algorithm proposed by the EWGSOP in 2010 for sarcopenia case-finding using three different methods for determining physical performance

INTRODUCCIÓN: En 2010, el European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) publicó una definición de consenso para la sarcopenia. También desarrolló un algoritmo basado en la medición del rendimiento físico para la determinación de casos de sarcopenia. Se han publicado diversos estudios que determinan la prevalencia de sarcopenia con este algoritmo, pero hasta donde sabemos, no hay estudios publicados que comparen la prevalencia utilizando 3 métodos diferentes para la determinación del rendimiento físico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de sarcopenia utilizando el algoritmo propuesto por el EWGSOP en 2010 y comparar los resultados utilizando 3 métodos diferentes para el rendimiento físico. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio transversal de 97 personas de edad avanzada. Se obtuvieron medidas de masa muscular, fuerza muscular y rendimiento físico. Para diagnosticar la sarcopenia se utilizaron los puntos de corte y el algoritmo propuesto por el EWGSOP. El análisis de concordancia entre variables cualitativas utilizó el coeficiente kappa de Cohen. RESULTADOS: El coeficiente kappa encontrado comparando los resultados de los 3 métodos empleados para el rendimiento físico (Velocidad de la marcha; Timed Up & Go, Short Physical Performance Battery) indica que no existe concordancia entre ellos. El coeficiente kappa encontrado al comparar la prevalencia de la sarcopenia utilizando 3 métodos diferentes para el rendimiento físico indica que hay una concordancia casi perfecta (kappa ≥ 0,96). Al comparar los resultados del algoritmo propuesto por el EWGSOP en 2010 con un algoritmo simplificado donde no se tiene en cuenta el rendimiento físico, encontramos una concordancia casi perfecta (kappa ≥ 0,96). CONCLUSIONES: La igualdad obtenida para la prevalencia de la sarcopenia independientemente del rendimiento físico cuestiona la necesidad de tener que medir este parámetro para el diagnóstico de sarcopenia. Sería suficiente utilizar un algoritmo simplificado para obtener los mismos resultados en el diagnóstico de la sarcopenia. Los hallazgos encontrados son coherentes con la propuesta hecha por el EWGSOP2 en 2018

INTRODUCTION: In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a definition for sarcopenia. They also developed an algorithm based on the measurement of physical performance to determine cases of sarcopenia. Several studies have already been published that determine the prevalence of sarcopenia with this algorithm, but as far as we know, there are no published studies comparing the prevalence using 3 different methods for determining physical performance. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in a group of elderly people using the algorithm proposed by the EWGSOP in 2010, and to compare the results using 3 different methods for determining physical performance. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 97 elderly people. Measurements were obtained of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. To diagnose sarcopenia, the cut-off points and the diagnostic algorithm proposed by the EWGSOP were used. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was used for the analysis of the agreement between qualitative variables. RESULTS: The kappa coefficient, found by comparing the results for the 3 methods used to determine physical performance (Gait speed; Timed Up & Go test, Short Physical Performance Battery), suggests that there is no concordance between them. When comparing the prevalence of sarcopenia using 3 different methods for the determination of physical performance, the kappa coefficient found suggests that there is an almost perfect agreement (kappa ≥ 0.96). An almost perfect agreement (kappa ≥ 0.96) was found when comparing the results of the algorithm proposed by the EWGSOP in 2010 with a simplified algorithm where physical performance for the diagnosis of sarcopenia is not taken into account. CONCLUSIONS: The equality in the results obtained for prevalence showed that the measurement of physical performance is not a necessary parameter for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. To obtain the same results in the diagnosis of sarcopenia, it is enough to use a simplified algorithm. The findings found are consistent with the proposal made by the EWGSOP in 2018

Diferencias del "inflamoma" en lavado broncoalveolar de pacientes sometidos a cirugía fumadores y no fumadores / Differences in bronchoalveolar lavage "inflammasome" between smokers and non-smokers undergoing thoracic surgery

Introducción. El riesgo de complicaciones postoperatorias es menor en aquellos pacientes que se abstiene de fumar en las 6 semanas previas a la intervención, esto podría deberse a diferencias en el perfil inflamatorio del pulmón. El objetivo de este estudio es medir las concentración de biomarcadores inflamatorios en el lavado broncoalveolar de dos cohortes de pacientes sometidos a cirugía torácica, una no fumadora o exfumadora con más de 6 semanas de abstinencia y otra de fumadores activos o con menos de 6 semanas de abstinencia. Métodos. Este estudio transversal de 226 pacientes mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos elegibles, pudieron ser analizados 174 (55 fumadores y 119 no fumadores en las 6 semanas previas a la intervención) sometidos a cirugía torácica. Se determinaron en el lavado broncoalveolar previo a la cirugía del pulmón no intervenido IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL10, IL-12, MCP-1 y TNF-alfa. Resultados. El grupo de fumadores resultó tener valores significativamente (p < 0,05) más elevados de IL-1: 136 (27) pg/ml vs 120 (21) pg/ml, IL-2: 2,22 (0,39) pg/ml vs 2,09 (0,4) pg/ml, IL-4: 0,64 (0,22) pg/ml vs 0,40 (0,06) pg/ml, IL-6: 6,6 (0,9) pg/ml vs 6,2 (0,7) pg/ml y MCP-1: 382 (28) pg/ml vs 352 (50) pg/ml, también mostró una espirometría más obstructiva: FEV1/FVC: 68 (5)% vs 75 (12)%, así como menor DLCO: 82 (22)% vs 96 (21)%. Conclusiones. Los pacientes fumadores en las 6 semanas previas a la cirugía tienen un estado inflamatorio pulmonar aumentado con respecto a los que no fumaron durante ese periodo

Introduction. The risk of postoperative complications is lower in those who abstain from smoking in the 6 weeks prior to the intervention; this could be due to differences in the lung inflammatory profile. The objective of this study is to measure the concentration of inflammatory biomarkers in the broncholveolar lavage of two cohorts of patients undergoing thoracic surgery: One consisting of smokers or non-smokers with more than 6 weeks of abstinence and other of smokers or ex-smokers with less than 6 weeks of abstinence. Methods. In this cross-sectional study from 226 eligible patients of sexes, 18 years or older, undergoing thoracic surgery, 174 could be analysed (55 smokers and 119 non-smokers in the 6 weeks prior to the intervention). IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL10, IL-12, MCP-1 and TNF-alpha were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage prior to surgery. Results. the Group of smokers had values significantly (p < 0.05) higher of IL-1: 136 (27) pg/ml vs 120 (21) pg/ml, IL-2: 2.22 (0.39) pg/ml vs 2.09 (0.4) pg/ml, IL-4: 0.64 (0.22) pg/ml vs 0.40 (0.06) pg/ml, IL-6: 6.6 pg/ml (0.9) vs. 6.2 pg/ml (0.7) and MCP-1: 382 (28) pg/ml vs 352 (50) pg/ml. They also were more obstructive: FEV1/FVC: 68 (5)% vs. 75 (12)%, as well as they had lower DLCO: 82 (22)% vs 96 (21)%. Conclusions. Smokers in the 6 weeks prior to surgery have an increased lung inflammatory status with respect to those who did not smoke during this period

Nuevas consideraciones anestésicas en cirugía torácica / New anesthetic considerations in thoracic surgery

No disponible

Postoperative pulmonary complications, pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses after lung resection surgery with prolonged one-lung ventilation. Randomized controlled trial comparing intravenous and inhalational anaesthesia.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies report the immunomodulatory lung-protective role of halogenated anaesthetics during lung resection surgery (LRS) but have not investigated differences in clinical postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). The main goal of the present study was to compare the effect of sevoflurane and propofol on the incidence of PPCs in patients undergoing LRS. The second aim was to compare pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses to LRS. METHODS: Of 180 patients undergoing LRS recruited, data from 174 patients were analysed. Patients were randomized to two groups (propofol or sevoflurane) and were managed otherwise using the same anaesthetic protocol. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in both lungs before and after one-lung ventilation for analysis of cytokines. Arterial blood was drawn for measurement of the cytokines analysed in the BAL fluid at five time points. Intraoperative haemodynamic and respiratory parameters, PPCs (defined following the ARISCAT study), and mortality during the first month and yr were recorded. RESULTS: More PPCs were detected in the propofol group (28.4% vs 14%, OR 2.44 [95% CI, 1.14-5.26]). First-yr mortality was significantly higher in the propofol group (12.5% vs 2.3%, OR 5.37 [95% CI, 1.23-23.54]). Expression of lung and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines was greater in the propofol group than in the sevoflurane group. Pulmonary and systemic IL-10 release was less in the propofol group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that administration of sevoflurane during LRS reduces the frequency of the PPCs recorded in our study and attenuates the pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT 02168751; EudraCT 2011-002294-29.

Concentración al final de la espiración de desflurano requerida para la extubación en el paciente adulto / End-tidal desflurane concentration for tracheal extubation in adults

Objetivo. Determinar en el paciente adulto la concentración al final de la espiración (end-tidal) de desflurano que previene la respuesta a la extubación en el 50% de los pacientes (CAMEXT). Material y método. Tras la aprobación por el comité ético del hospital, 18 pacientes adultos ASA I y II (19-65 años) programados para cirugía ambulatoria fueron incluidos en el estudio. La inducción anestésica se realizó con propofol 2,5mg.kg−1, fentanilo 2μg.kg−1 y rocuronio en dosis de 0,6mg.kg−1 para facilitar la intubación orotraqueal. El mantenimiento se llevó cabo con desflurano en oxígeno y aire (40:60) con una concentración end-tidal de 5,5 a 7,5%, acorde a la edad del paciente. Se asoció remifentanilo en perfusión continua en dosis de 0,05-0,25μg/kg/min. El bloqueo neuromuscular se monitorizó mediante aceleromiografía a través del «tren de cuatro» (TOF). Al finalizar la intervención se revirtió el bloqueo neuromuscular con sugammadex en dosis de 2-4mg.kg−1 acorde con la relación del TOF. La concentración de desflurano en la que se realizó la extubación fue determinada con la metodología secuencial de Dixon de up-and-down con incrementos y decrementos en la concentración de desflurano del 0,5%. Se definió como respuesta la presencia de tos, movimiento, mordida del tubo endotraqueal, laringoespasmo o apnea hasta 1min tras la extubación. Resultados. La concentración end-tidal de desflurano para realizar una extubación exitosa en el 50% de los pacientes adultos fue de 3,17±0,18% (IC 95%: 3-3,35%). Un 33% de los pacientes presentó tos y un paciente presentó desaturación inferior a 90%, que se resolvió con ventilación con mascarilla facial. Conclusiones. La extubación exitosa de pacientes adultos anestesiados con desflurano puede ser realizada con una concentración alveolar mínima de desflurano de 0,62 en el 95% de los pacientes (AU)

Objective. To determine the end-tidal desflurane concentration required for tracheal extubation in anaesthetised adults. Material and methods. After hospital Ethics Committee approval, eighteen ASA I-II adult patients (19-65 years of age), who had been scheduled for elective ambulatory surgery were included in the study. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5mg.kg−1, fentanyl 2μg.kg−1, and rocuronium 0.6mg.kg−1 for intubation. Maintenance of anaesthesia was provided by desflurane in oxygen and air (40:60), and remifentanil at 0.05-0.25μg.kg−1.min1. Neuromuscular function was monitored with train-of-four (TOF) nerve stimulation and acceleromyography. At the end of the surgery neuromuscular blockade was reversed with sugammadex 2-4mg.kg−1 in accordance with the TOF ratio. The concentration of desflurane at which extubation was attempted was determined by using Dixon's up-and-down method with 0.5% as a step size. Smooth extubation was defined as one without coughing, teeth clenching, gross purposeful movements, and no breath-holding or laryngospasm within 1min of tracheal extubation. Results. It was found that the end-tidal concentration of desflurane was 3.17±0.18% (95% CI: 3%-3.35%) for successful extubation in 50% of adults. Conclusion. Extubation in patients receiving desflurane may be feasible at 0.62 minimum alveolar concentration (AU)

End-tidal desflurane concentration for tracheal extubation in adults. / Concentración al final de la espiración de desflurano requerida para la extubación en el paciente adulto.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the end-tidal desflurane concentration required for tracheal extubation in anaesthetised adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After hospital Ethics Committee approval, eighteen ASA I-II adult patients (19-65 years of age), who had been scheduled for elective ambulatory surgery were included in the study. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5mg.kg-1, fentanyl 2µg.kg-1, and rocuronium 0.6mg.kg-1 for intubation. Maintenance of anaesthesia was provided by desflurane in oxygen and air (40:60), and remifentanil at 0.05-0.25µg.kg-1.min1. Neuromuscular function was monitored with train-of-four (TOF) nerve stimulation and acceleromyography. At the end of the surgery neuromuscular blockade was reversed with sugammadex 2-4mg.kg-1 in accordance with the TOF ratio. The concentration of desflurane at which extubation was attempted was determined by using Dixon's up-and-down method with 0.5% as a step size. Smooth extubation was defined as one without coughing, teeth clenching, gross purposeful movements, and no breath-holding or laryngospasm within 1min of tracheal extubation. RESULTS: It was found that the end-tidal concentration of desflurane was 3.17±0.18% (95% CI: 3%-3.35%) for successful extubation in 50% of adults. CONCLUSION: Extubation in patients receiving desflurane may be feasible at 0.62 minimum alveolar concentration.

The role of stoichiometry in superconducting Nb1-ßSnß: electronic and vibrational properties from ab initio calculations.

Using first principles calculations based on density functional theory, the electronic, vibrational and superconducting properties of compounds with different stoichiometry ratios in the A15 phase have been studied. To this purpose, the λ mass enhancement parameter, which determines the superconducting critical temperature through the Allen-Dynes modification of the McMillan formula, has been explicitly calculated in the context of the density functional perturbation theory that allows the calculation of the matrix elements of the electron-phonon interactions at different compositions related to the Sn content. Our results provide a better understanding of the inhomogeneous composition of one of the most widely employed low-temperature superconductors, evidencing the electronic properties and the phonon modes that are responsible for the critical temperature degradation as the Sn concentration is varied.

Electronic excitations in solution-processed oligothiophene small-molecules for organic solar cells.

First principles calculations based on density functional theory and many body perturbation theory have been employed to study the optical absorption properties of a newly synthesized oligo-thiophene molecule, with a quaterthiophene central unit, that has been designed for solution-processed bulk-heterojunction solar cells. To this aim we have employed the GW approach to obtain quasiparticle energies as a pre-requisite to solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the excitonic Hamiltonian. We show that the experimental absorption spectrum can be explained only by taking into account the inter-molecular transitions among the π-stacked poly-conjugated molecules that are typically obtained in solid-state organic samples.

Multiple intracranial meningiomas and cavernous hemangiomas.

Intracerebral meningiomas and cavernous hemangiomas (hemangiomas, cavernomas) are entities frequently encountered by neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons. Even multiple tumors can often be observed in patients with certain congenital conditions, eg. multiple meningiomas in neurofibromatosis type 2 or multiple cavernous hemangiomas in familial cavernous malformations. However, there are only very few reported cases of concurrent meningiomas and cavernous hemangiomas, all but one related to prior radiotherapy. We describe the second case of concurrent multiple meningiomas and cavernous hemangiomas occurring de novo without a history of radiation.

Tilting angle and water slippage over hydrophobic coatings.

Hydrophobic coatings, such as octadecyltrichlorosilane or n-alkyl monolayers, enhance the slippage of liquids on solid walls. For a given alkyl chain length, the main structural parameter for homogeneous coatings is the tilt angle between coating molecules and the surface normal. In this paper, ab initio calculations are used to calculate the equilibrium configuration of coating molecules, showing that the tilt angle easily changes from 0° to 30° depending on the specific head group binding the solid substrate. These values are used to set up classical molecular dynamics of water slippage over the coatings using different water models (Transferable Intermolecular Potential 3 point (TIP3P), Transferable Intermolecular Potential 4 point (TIP4P) and TIP4P/2005). The slippage is found to be robust with respect to the coating tilting, while a slight dependence on the water model is observed.

El “bullying” y otras formas de violencia adolescente / Bullying an other forms of adolescent violence

En este artículo, tratamos de analizar la violencia adolescente centrándonos principalmente en la que se produce en el ámbito escolar. En primer lugar, hemos precisado los conceptos de agresividad, violencia, bullying y otros relacionados. A continuación, revisamos y comparamos algunas de las investigaciones más destacadas acerca de la incidencia del bullying; para luego reflexionar sobre las causas y circunstancias que elicitan y mantienen estas conductas. Por último, sugerimos algunas líneas de actuación desde distintas instancias sociales que se encaminen hacia su prevención

In this article, we try to analyze adolescent violence, focusing mainly on the school environment. In the first place, we have determined the concepts of aggressiveness, violence, bullying and other related topics. Next, we have reviewed and compared some of the most outstanding research concerning the incidence and prevalence of bullying. Then we reflect upon the causes and circumstances that elicit and sustain these kinds of behavior. Finally, we suggest some means of action from different social organizations that work toward prevention

Aspectos psicopatológicos de la violencia sexual / Psychopathological aspects of sexual violence

Las parafilias, como trastornos de la inclinación sexual, engloban una serie de conductas nacidas de impulsos sexuales, intensos y repetidos, que implican objetos, actividades o situaciones poco habituales que se traducen, cuando constituyen delito - y lo hacen con cierta frecuencia - en una agresión o una intromisión en la libertad sexual del otro, provocando un sufrimiento, a veces muy serio e intenso, en la víctima. En este marco analizamos los aspectos criminológicos más frecuentes de tales conductas adentrándonos así en la violencia sexual, centrándonos tanto en los agresores como en las víctimas, y finalizamos con unas consideraciones médico-legales en torno, sobre todo, a dos ejes: la responsabilidad criminal de los agresores sexuales y el daño psíquico de las víctimas

Paraphiles, as disorders of sexual inclination, encompass a series of behaviors born from sexual impulses, intense and repeated, that involve incommon objects, activities or situations that translate, when they constitute a crime - and they do with certain frequency - into an aggression or intromission in the sexual liberty of the other person, causing suffering, sometimes very serious intense, in the victim. In this framework we analyze the most frequent criminilogical aspects of such behaviours thus entering in sexual violence, centering on the aggressors as well as the victims, and finalizing with some medical-legal considerations around, especially, two keys: the criminal responsibility of the sexual aggressors and the psichic damage of the victims