[Circadian rhythms of antibacterial resistance, coagulase and antilysozyme activity of Staphylococcus aureus].

AIM: To determine daily dynamics of antibacterial resistance as well as antilysozyme and coagulase activity of S. aureus strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On an example of clinical strains of S.aureus isolated from patients with surgical infections daily dynamics of biological characteristics of staphylococci was studied. After 12 hours of incubation strains were tested for coagulase activity by standard method (test tube method), antilysozyme activity by photometric method, and antibacterial resistance by method of serial dilutions in agar. Tests were repeated each 3-hours during a day. RESULTS: Variation of levels of studied biological characteristics of staphylococci during a day was revealed. Structures of coagulase and antilysozyme circadian rhythms had some differences in different S. aureus strains. Alongside with it, similarity in temporal expression of such biological characteristics of staphylococci as antibacterial resistance and antilysozyme activity was noted. CONCLUSION: Obtained data open prospect to use biorhythmological approach in study of biological characteristics of microorganisms during evaluation of their mechanisms of adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Chronobiological approach allows to reveal periods of maximal expression of S. aureus characteristics that could be used for increasing of effectiveness of antibacterial treatment by the choice of optimal time for administration of antibiotic.

[Erythrocytes and leucocytes in realization of communication between lipid peroxidation and hemostasis].

Investigation of 213 rats has shown that exposition containing normal plasma of erythrocytes, neutrophils or monocytes (physiological concentration) taken from the rats treated with prooxidant (lead acetate) or antioxidant (selmevite) causes corresponding increase or decrease of: a) both spontaneous aggregation and ATP-induced aggregation of thrombocytes, b) releasing P3 and P4 factors, c) their lipoperoxidation (LPO) intensity. The effect is released by LPO products released by erythrocytes and leucocytes into their environment. The efficacy of antioxidants (vitamins with antioxidant properties in particular) used for correcting hypercoagulative changes in oxidative stress in clinics is supposed to be due to their capacity for limiting lipidoxidation in erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes.

[The effect of a combined vitamin--antioxidants preparations on hemostasis in rats with experimental hyperperoxidation].

Experiments on a group of 308 rats showed that prooxidant (lead acetate) introduced per os with daily meals decreases the antioxidant potential (increases lipid peroxidation, LPO) and reduces tolerance with respect to thrombin (increases the level of intravascular blood coagulation markers). For the same treatment on the background of a vitamin - antioxidants preparations (complivit or selmevit), the level of changes was significantly decreased and the resistance to thrombin was increased. Selmevit (containing selenium) was more effective. It is concluded that complex vitamin--antioxidants preparations can be used for correcting hemostatic changes in cases of hyperoxidation.

[Hemostatic disturbances after aorto-femoral and femoro-popliteal bypasses in patients with lower limbs obliterating atherosclerosis]. / Hemostaticheskie sdvigi pri aortobedrennom i bedrenno-podkolennom shuntirovanii u bol'nykh obliteriruiushchim aterosklerozom sosudov nizhnikh konechnostei.

Forty-seven men aged from 38 to 74 years with lower limb obliterating atherosclerosis (III-IV degree, indication for surgery) were examined. Growth of lipoperoxides level, a decrease of antioxidant potential, activation of hemostasis were revealed. These phenomena intensified after bypass surgeries and persisted till discharge. Supplement of standard therapy with antioxidant selmevit limited degree of disturbances before and after surgery, accelerated normalization of hemostasis.

[Biochemical studies in the postmortem diagnosis of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome]. / Biokhimicheskie issledovaniia v posmertnoi diagnostike sindroma disseminirovannogo vnutrisosudistogo svertyvaniia.

Sulfite-alkaline method after Rampling and Gaffney is proposed for measuring fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products in cadaveric blood. Normal values for cadaveric blood are determined and qualitative paracoagulation tests proposed. Such biochemical studies can be used, along with histological, for more accurate postmortem diagnosis of the DIC syndrome.

[The role of platelets in the protective effect of a combination of vitamins A, E, C and P in thrombinemia]. / Rol' trombotsitov v zashchitonom éffekte sochetaniia vitaminov A, E, C i P pri trombinemii.

White rat experiments have shown that combination of vitamins A, E, C and P diminishes thrombin-induced thrombocytopenia and low platelet aggregation. This is explained by limited activation of free radical processes initiated by thrombin in plasma, red cells and platelets. It was found that thrombin ability to activate lipid peroxidation is not related to coagulatory transformation of fibrinogen, but is rather due to a direct contact of the enzyme with platelets. A protective effect of vitamins-antioxidants in thrombinemia is likely to rest on their ability to restrict activation of free radical oxidation in platelets.

[The effect of the modified preparation Komplivit on blood coagulation]. / Vliianie modifitsirovannogo preparata "Komplivit" na gemokoaguliatsiiu.

Modified medicine "Komplivit" enriched by compounds of selenium, methionine and iodine showed more severe antioxidant effect than original "Komplivit". Ingestion of modified medicine to white rats during 12 days declined significantly hemocoagulation disturbances caused by thrombinemia and decreased frequency of lethal thrombosis. Authors suggest the usefulness of investigations of modified "Komplivit" in clinical cases of thrombinemia.

[Relationship between thrombinemia and free radical processes in the blood]. / Sviaz' mezhdu trombinemiei i svobodnoradikal'nymi protsessami v krovi.

Thrombin introduced in doses causing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been studied for its effect on lipid peroxidation processes (POL) in plasma, erythrocytes and thrombocytes in rats. The vitamin-antioxidant complex is determined to decrease manifestations of DIC and POL intensity. Combined effect on thrombocytes is clearly marked: vitaminization results in diminishing thrombocytopenia caused by thrombinemia and decreasing their aggregation. In vitro thrombin activates POL in blood due to direct contact with erythrocytes and thrombocytes. Thrombocytes are more perceptible to thrombin action. The results analysed suggest that thrombinemia and POL interact as follows: activation of thrombinogenesis causes POL activation resulting in further thrombinogenesis activation etc. We have assumed that an anticoagulant that is not an antioxidant, or an antioxidant that does not directly influence thrombinogenesis may break the cycle or reduce it.

[Effects of vitamins A, E, C and P on intensity of blood coagulation in experimental animals]. / Vlianie vitaminov A, E, C i P na intensivnost' vnutrisosudistogo svertyvaniia krovi v éksperimente.

In experiment on white rats it was shown that preventive 12-day administration of vitamins A, E, C, P decreases the death rate of animals with exogenous thromboplastinemia and reduces hemocoagulative changes, microcirculation disorders, destructive changes of functionally active elements of inner organs. The protective effect of the above vitamins combination in thromboplastinemia is promoted by hypoactivity of platelet aggregation, by low thromboplastic activity of erythrocytes, by limited destruction of vascular endothelium.

[Effect of A, E, C, P vitamin complex on erythrocyte hemocoagulation properties and platelet aggregation in thrombinemia]. / Vliianie kombinatsii vitaminov A, E, C and P na gemokoaguliatsionnye svoistva éritrotsitov i agregatsiiu trombotsitov pri trombinemii.

The protective effect of A, E, C, P vitamin complex has been experimentally proven to display in a decrease of animal death rate and in limiting the intensity of hemocoagulation shifts in thrombinemia. This effect is stipulated by a decrease in thrombocyte aggregation and in coagulation activity and by the increase of erythrocyte deformation properties. These changes seem to be caused by the effect of vitamins on the phospholipid spectrum, electrolyte transport of ATPases and erythrocyte membrane stability.

[Effect of polyvitamin preparations on blood coagulation in experimental hypercoagulation]. / Vliianie polivitaminnykh preparatov na svertyvaemost' krovi pri éksperimental'noi giperkoagulemii.

The influence of polyvitamin compounds on the course and outcome of experimental hypercoagulemia was studied. "Hendevitum", "Aerovitum" and "Undevitum" proved to be most effective in reducing negative results of thromboplastemia. "Glutamevitum" was insignificantly effective, while "Quadevitum" and "Complevitum" did not reduce animals' death rate after intravascular injection of thromboplastin in LD50. Positive effects of polyvitamin compounds might be associated with their capacity for stimulating anticoagulation potential, especially, in accelerated continuous intravascular blood coagulation.

[Changes in the blood coagulation in surgical trauma and exogenous thromboplastinemia during administration of vitamins]. / Gemokoaguliatsionnye sdvigi pri operatsionnoi travme i ékzogennoi tromboplastinemii na fone vitaminizatsii.

Preadministration of vitamins A and E or A, E, C and P before laparatomy or exogenous thromboplastinemia (within 12 days) as well as administration of these vitamins simultaneously with vitamin PP within 2 days after the operation did not alter distinctly blood coagulation, while attenuated considerably the hemocoagulation shifts related to laparotomy or exogenous thromboplastinemia. The vitamin complex studied appears to be suitable for decrease of the postoperation hemocoagulation shifts.

[Shifts in the blood coagulation during adenomectomy of the prostate]. / Gemokoaguliatsionnye sdvigi pri adenoméktomii predstatel'noi zhelezy.

Hemocoagulation was studied in 116 patients with prostatic adenoma, stage II, before and 1, 4-7, 8-10 and 11-15 days after surgical intervention. Out of 77 patients exposed to routine adenomectomy, 55 persons were treated 12-14 days prior the surgery with therapeutic dosages of a vitamin A, E, C, P complex. After the operation they were given nicotinic acid in presence of the double load of vitamins A and E. Out of 39 persons exposed to urgent adenomectomy 19 patients were administered the double dosages of the same vitamins before the operation. The rest of the both groups were postsurgically given acetylsalicylic acid instead of vitamins. It was stated that the aforementioned vitamin therapy significantly decreased postsurgical blood coagulation disorders (in those who were prepared for the operation beforehand it happened before adenomectomy), improved the clinical course and outcomes of the postsurgical period. Presurgical investigations reveal an accelerated intravascular coagulation and mild manifestations of the DIC syndrome in patients with prostatic adenoma. After the operation the syndrome manifestations increase but rarely develop into stages II and III that are usually accompanied by consumption coagulopathy. To follow the syndrome progression one could use only 5 out of 13 tests defined by the authors: activated time of recalcification, prothrombin index, fibrinolytic activity, products of fibrin degradation and an ethanol test.

[The effect of vitamins A, E, C, P and PP on blood coagulation in experimental thromboplastinemia]. / Vliianie vitaminov A, E, C, P i PP na svertyvanie krovi pri éksperimental'noi tromboplastinemii.

In experiments on white rats it was established that combination of vitamins A, E, P and C, without producing a significant change in normal hemocoagulation, induces weakening of hypocoagulemia developing during coagulation activation induced by surgery or exogenic thromboplastinemia in experiment. In exogenic thromboplastinemia the development of hypocoagulemia is effectively prevented by combination of vitamins A, E, C and P, when they are administered in doses similar to therapeutic, during 12 days, before interference provoking activation of blood coagulation. A conclusion has been made on the expediency of the study of possibility of using the above combination of vitamins for nonspecific prophylaxis of thrombohemorrhagic complications in surgery.

[Role of the liver in producing heat-stable antifactor Xa]. / Rol' pecheni v produktsii termostabil'nogo antifaktora Xa.

The thermostable antifactor Xa is demonstrable in liver homogenate extracts in an amount exceeding its content in other parenchymatous organs and blood serum. In the course of liver perfusion and incubation of liver sections, the antifactor is demonstrable in the perfused liquid and in the medium used for incubation. Affection of the liver with carbon tetrachloride was attended by the decreased content of the antifactor in serum. The liver seems likely to play an important role in the production of the thermostable antifactor Xa.

[Effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on the vicasol-induced change in the content of the thermostable antifactor Xa in the blood serum]. / Vliianie ingibitorov sinteza belkov na vyzyvaemoe vikasolom izmenenie soderzhaniia termostabil'nogo antifaktora Xa v syvorotke krovi.

Content of a thermostable inhibitor of thrombinogenesis (antifactor Xa) was decreased in blood serum after administration of pellentan. Subsequent treatment with vicasol normalized at the accelerated rate the antifactor Xa content in blood serum. Administration of the inhibitors of protein synthesis (vincrystine, actinomycin D, toyomycin, tetracycline--inhibitors of RNA polymerase, elongation, posttranscriptional conversions of mRNA and of translation processes, respectively (did not alter distinctly the vicasol effect--decrease in antifactor Xa content of blood serum. Vitamin K appears to participate in formation of the active molecule of the inhibitor of thrombinogenesis at the postribosomal step as shown in study of several other blood plasma procoagulants.

[Vitamin K-dependent inhibitor of thrombin formation]. / Vitamin K-zavisimyi ingibitor tromboobrazovaniia.

Activity of thermostable inhibitor of thrombinoformation was decreased in blood serum after administration of pelenthane into animals. Simultaneous administration of vicasol limited this effect. Decrease in the activity of the inhibitor was also observed after partial hepatectomy and poisoning with CCl4. Correlation was not found between total coagulation activity, content of prothrombin and the inhibitor activity. The inhibitor was inactivated markedly in exogenous thromboplastinemia and lesser--in hyperheparinemia. The data obtained suggest that self regulation of blood coagulation system occurs at the level of synthesis of its biochemical components.