ABSTRACT
The use of MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) and WGS (whole genome sequencing) has been described for identification and strain relatedness determination. We describe the complementary use of MALDI-TOF MS and WGS in a VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) outbreak investigation, and discuss some of the challenges with defining strain similarity across these two platforms. Although both assays indicated multiple clusters involved in the outbreak of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from positive blood cultures of four haematology-oncology patients, the small cohort and discrepancies between findings indicate the limitations of MALDI-TOF MS and the cautious interpretation of MALDI-TOF MS dendrograms during outbreaks. For definitive determination of the evolutionary distance between isolates, WGS can be used.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Enterococcus faecium/classification , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods , Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods , Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci/classification , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Bacteremia/microbiology , Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods , Enterococcus faecium/chemistry , Enterococcus faecium/genetics , Enterococcus faecium/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Humans , Molecular Epidemiology/methods , Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci/chemistry , Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci/genetics , Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The histologic changes of podophyllin-treated condylomata acuminata were studied at 24-hour, 48-hour, and 7-day intervals. The 24-hour specimens had scattered individual atypical cells, whereas 48-hour specimens demonstrated small focal areas of atypia. Seven-day specimens exhibited very mild atypia of cells. All treated specimens had inflammation-necrosis ranging from scattered inflammatory cells to degeneration of the squamous epithelium.
Subject(s)
Condylomata Acuminata/pathology , Genital Neoplasms, Female/pathology , Genital Neoplasms, Male/pathology , Podophyllin/therapeutic use , Administration, Topical , Condylomata Acuminata/drug therapy , Female , Genital Neoplasms, Female/drug therapy , Genital Neoplasms, Male/drug therapy , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Intake of food by hungry rats was reduced 50 percent below normal after their blood had been mixed with that of satiated rats. Intake of food by deprived rats was not reduced when the donor rat was deprived of food for 24 hours prior to mixing of the blood or when a deprived donor was fed to satiety immediately before such transfusion.