ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the treatment response and posttreatment follow-up of children with Class III malocclusions treated with palatal expansion and reverse-pull face mask to the maxilla. The sample included 22 white children, 9 boys and 13 girls. Treatment began at a mean age of 9.8 years (range 5.6 to 13.3 years) and lasted 0.7 years (range 0.3 to 1.3 years). With a protraction force of 600 to 800 gm, the patients were treated until a 2 mm positive overjet had been attained. Radiographs were taken before treatment (T1), immediately after face mask treatment (T2), and 1.4 years after treatment (T3). An age and sex matched sample of untreated white schoolchildren served as normal controls. The results showed that the anterior maxilla was protracted forward 1.6 mm per year more than normal. The posterior maxilla dropped inferiorly more than the anterior maxilla. The mandible was rotated downward and backward, while the lower incisors were uprighted. The effects on the mandible were attributed to a significant chincup effect exerted by the face mask. After treatment, the maxilla relapsed relatively backward in the anterior and upward in the posterior, negating some of the treatment results. The mandible resumed a normal growth direction, and the lower incisors flared more than normal.
Subject(s)
Extraoral Traction Appliances , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/therapy , Maxilla , Palatal Expansion Technique , Adolescent , Analysis of Variance , Case-Control Studies , Cephalometry , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incisor/diagnostic imaging , Incisor/pathology , Male , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/diagnostic imaging , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/pathology , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Mandible/growth & development , Mandible/pathology , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging , Maxilla/pathology , Radiography , Recurrence , Rotation , Stress, Mechanical , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
We examined the influence of stress, intimate support and marital status on postpartum depression among 189 African American and European American, inner-city women. We selected women in three common categories: (1) married, (2) cohabitating with partner, and (3) romantically involved, but not cohabitating. Women were interviewed on two occasions during pregnancy and seven to nine weeks following delivery. Women who were not married and did not live with their partner reported less intimacy with their partner and greater depression and increases in depression. Both marriage and cohabitation limited women's depression level. Married women also increased in intimacy during their pregnancy, but cohabitating women did not. Results were independent of ethnic status, age and income. The importance of the findings given the rise in single parenthood was discussed.
ABSTRACT
The adequacy of current paper-and-pencil measures of ophidiophobia (fear of snakes) was analyzed by reviewing the subject selection procedures in 24 published articles with the restriction that the procedures involve some form of self-report. The sample characteristics and selection procedures of these studies were reviewed in detail. We conclude that the recommendations and conclusions of these studies should not be accepted due to limited generalizability. Paper-and-pencil measures are excellent initial selection devices, but cannot stand alone in selecting ophidiophobics from the general population.
Subject(s)
Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data , Phobic Disorders/diagnosis , Snakes , Animals , Bias , Humans , Phobic Disorders/psychology , Phobic Disorders/therapy , PsychometricsSubject(s)
Orthodontic Appliance Design , Palatal Expansion Technique/instrumentation , Child , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
A handheld pressure algometer is described for the measurement of pain-pressure thresholds. This instrument has a range of measurement of 0 to 16 N/cm2 and can be modified by changing contact points or springs. Technical specifications, a schematic diagram, application examples, and information concerning construction material availability are provided.
