ABSTRACT
Surveillance for soil-transmitted helminths, strongyloidiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis was conducted in Mississippi, USA. PCR performed on 224 fecal samples for all soil-transmitted helminths and on 370 samples for only Necator americanus and Strongyloides stercoralis identified 1 S. stercoralis infection. Seroprevalences were 8.8% for Toxocara, 27.4% for Cryptosporidium, 5.7% for Giardia, and 0.2% for Strongyloides parasites.
Subject(s)
Cryptosporidiosis , Cryptosporidium , Giardiasis , Parasitic Diseases , Feces , Humans , Mississippi/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The viridans group streptococci comprise multiple species and have gained more recognition in recent years as common etiologic agents of bacterial endophthalmitis. The purpose of this study was to identify the species of human endophthalmitis isolates of viridans streptococci and to characterize their potential virulence attributes. The species of 22 endophthalmitis strains of viridans streptococci were identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight. Susceptibilities to 3 antibiotics commonly used for bacterial endophthalmitis were determined. The extracellular milieu of each strain was tested for cytotoxicity of retinal pigmented epithelial cells, hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes, and protease activity using gelatin zymography. Identified species were Streptococcus mitis/oralis, S. salivarius, S. vestibularis, S. parasanguinis, S. mutans, S. constellatus, and S. gordonii. One strain of S. pseudoporcinus was also identified. All strains were sensitive to vancomycin, 77% were resistant to amikacin, and 27% had intermediate resistance to ceftazidime. Extracellular milieu from all strains except one (S. pseudoporcinus) were largely devoid of toxicity to retinal pigmented epithelial cells and sheep erythrocytes. Twelve strains, 10 of which were S. mitis/oralis, produced protease activity. Interestingly, not all of the S. mitis/oralis strains were proteolytic. These findings highlight the diversity of virulence factor production in ocular strains of the viridans streptococci not only at the group level but also at the species level.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Ceftazidime/pharmacology , Ceftazidime/therapeutic use , Endophthalmitis/drug therapy , Endophthalmitis/microbiology , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Sheep , Vancomycin/pharmacology , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Viridans Streptococci/drug effects , Virulence , Virulence FactorsABSTRACT
We report on fosfomycin susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance in clinical strains of blaKPC-positive Enterobacter sp. (n = 19). A total of 14 strains (74%) were susceptible to fosfomycin; 8 strains (42%) were positive for fosA and no strains were positive for FosA3 or FosC2. FosA presence does not appear to correlate with susceptibility.
