Optimized Computer-Aided Segmentation and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Intracoronary Optical Coherence Tomography.

We present a novel and time-efficient method for intracoronary lumen detection, which produces three-dimensional (3-D) coronary arteries using optical coherence tomographic (OCT) images. OCT images are acquired for multiple patients and longitudinal cross-section (LOCS) images are reconstructed using different acquisition angles. The lumen contours for each LOCS image are extracted and translated to 2-D cross-sectional images. Using two angiographic projections, the centerline of the coronary vessel is reconstructed in 3-D, and the detected 2-D contours are transformed to 3-D and placed perpendicular to the centerline. To validate the proposed method, 613 manual annotations from medical experts were used as gold standard. The 2-D detected contours were compared with the annotated contours, and the 3-D reconstructed models produced using the detected contours were compared to the models produced by the annotated contours. Wall shear stress (WSS), as dominant hemodynamics factor, was calculated using computational fluid dynamics and 844 consecutive 2-mm segments of the 3-D models were extracted and compared with each other. High Pearson's correlation coefficients were obtained for the lumen area (r = 0.98) and local WSS (r = 0.97) measurements, while no significant bias with good limits of agreement was shown in the Bland-Altman analysis. The overlapping and nonoverlapping areas ratio between experts' annotations and presented method was 0.92 and 0.14, respectively. The proposed computer-aided lumen extraction and 3-D vessel reconstruction method is fast, accurate, and likely to assist in a number of research and clinical applications.

Clinical outcomes in 995 unselected real-world patients treated with an ultrathin biodegradable polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting stent: 12-month results from the FLEX Registry.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, in the FLEX Registry, clinical outcomes of an ultrathin (60 µm) biodegradable polymer-coated Supraflex sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Additionally, to determine the vascular response to the Supraflex SES through optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis. SETTING: Multicentre, single-arm, all-comers, observational registry of patients who were treated with the Supraflex SES, between July 2013 and May 2014, at nine different centres in India. PARTICIPANTS: 995 patients (1242 lesions) who were treated with the Supraflex SES, between July 2013 and May 2014, at nine different centres in India. A total of 47 participants underwent OCT analysis at 6 months' follow-up. INTERVENTIONS: Percutaneous coronary intervention with Supraflex SES, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint-the rate of major adverse cardiac events (defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularisation (TLR))-was analysed during 12 months. RESULTS: At 12 months, the primary endpoint occurred in 36 (3.7%) of 980 patients, consisting of 18 (1.8%) cardiac deaths, 16 (1.6%) MI, 7 (0.7%) TLR and 2 (0.2%) cases of non-target lesion target vessel revascularization. In a subset of 47 patients, 1227 cross-sections (9309 struts) were analysed at 6 months by OCT. Overall, a high percentage of struts was covered (98.1%), with a mean neointimal thickness of 0.13 ± 0.06 µm. CONCLUSIONS: The FLEX Registry evaluated clinical outcomes in real-world and more complex cohorts and thus provides evidence that the Supraflex SEX can be used safely and routinely in a broader percutaneous coronary intervention population. Also, the Supraflex SES showed high percentage of stent strut coverage and good stent apposition during OCT follow-up.

Differences determined by optical coherence tomography volumetric analysis in non-culprit lesion morphology and inflammation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and stable angina pectoris patients.

BACKGROUND: While the current methodology for determining fibrous cap (FC) thickness of lipid plaques is based on manual measurements of arbitrary points, which could lead to high variability and decreased accuracy, it ignores the three-dimensional (3-D) morphology of coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVE: To compare, utilizing optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessments, volumetric quantification of FC, and macrophage detection using both visual assessment and automated image processing algorithms in non-culprit lesions of STEMI and stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients. METHODS: Lipid plaques were selected from 67 consecutive patients (1 artery/patient). FC was manually delineated by a computer-aided method and automatically classified into three thickness categories: FC < 65 µm (i.e., thin-cap fibroatheroma [TCFA]), 65-150 µm, and >150 µm. Minimum thickness, absolute categorical surface area, and fractional luminal area of FC were analyzed. Automated detection and quantification of macrophage was performed within the segmented FC. RESULTS: A total of 5,503 cross-sections were analyzed. STEMI patients when compared with SAP patients had more absolute categorical surface area for TCFA (0.43 ± 0.45 mm(2) vs. 0.15 ± 0.25 mm(2) ; P = 0.011), thinner minimum FC thickness (31.63 ± 17.09 µm vs. 47.27 ± 26.56 µm, P = 0.012), greater fractional luminal area for TCFA (1.65 ± 1.56% vs. 0.74 ± 1.2%, P = 0.046), and greater macrophage index (0.0217 ± 0.0081% vs. 0.0153 ± 0.0045%, respectively, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The novel OCT-based 3-D quantification of the FC and macrophage demonstrated thinner FC thickness and larger areas of TCFA coupled with more inflammation in non-culprit sites of STEMI compared with SAP.

Remoção Precoce do Introdutor Arterial Após Intervenção Coronária Percutânea por Via Femoral: Estudo de Segurança e Eficácia / Early Removal of the Arterial Sheath After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using the Femoral Approach: Safety and Efficacy Study

Introdução: Avaliamos a segurança e eficácia do uso de protamina, guiada pelo tempo de coagulação ativado, para a remoção imediata do introdutor arterial femoral em pacientes submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea com heparina não fracionada, com o objetivo de propor um algoritmo para a prática clínica. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, com pacientes consecutivos, com angina estável ou com síndrome coronariana aguda de baixo ou moderado risco. Comparamos os pacientes com a retirada precoce do introdutor arterial àqueles nos quais o introdutor foi retirado de acordo com o protocolo convencional. A decisão pela remoção precoce ou convencional do introdutor foi deixada a critério do operador. Resultados: O grupo de remoção precoce (n = 149) apresentou menor tempo de manuseio do sítio de punção que o grupo de remoção convencional (58,3 ± 21,4 minutos vs. 355 ± 62,9 minutos; p < 0,01), principalmente devido à redução do tempo até a retirada do introdutor (42,3 ± 21,1 minutos vs. 338,6 ± 61,5 minutos; p < 0,01), sem impacto sobre a duração da compressão femoral (16,0 ± 3,6 minutos vs. 16,4 ± 5,1 minutos; p = 0,49). Não houve trombose hospitalar de stent e nem diferença significativa na incidência de eventos vasculares ou hemorrágicos. A incidência de outras hemorragias, que levaram à hospitalização prolongada, foi menor no grupo de remoção precoce (1,3% vs. 5,1%; p = 0,05). Conclusões: O uso seletivo de uma abordagem, para a remoção imediata do introdutor femoral guiada pelo tempo de coagulação ativado e a administração de protamina, é seguro e eficaz em pacientes submetidos à intervenção coronária...

Introduction: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of protamine administration, guided by activated clotting time, for the immediate femoral arterial sheath removal in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with unfractionated heparin in order to propose an algorithm for clinical practice. Methods: Prospective study with consecutive patients with stable angina or low-to-moderate risk acute coronary syndrome. We compared patients with an early removal of the arterial sheath to those whose sheath removal was based on a standard protocol. Results: The early removal group (n = 149) had lower access manipulation time than the conventional group (58.3 ± 21.4 minutes vs. 355.0 ± 62.9 minutes; p < 0.01), mainly due to a reduced time to sheath removal (42.3 ± 21.1 minutes vs. 338.6 ± 61.5 minutes; p < 0.01), with no impact on the duration of femoral compression (16.0 ± 3.6 minutes vs. 16.4 ± 5.1 minutes; p = 0.49). There was no stent thrombosis during hospitalization and no significant differences in the incidence of major vascular or bleeding events. The incidence of other bleeding events leading to a prolonged in-hospital length of stay was lower in the early removal group (1.3% vs. 5.1%; p = 0.05). Conclusions: The selective use of an approach for immediate femoral sheath removal, based on activated clotting time guidance and protamine administration, is a safe and effective option in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention by femoral access...

Modelo porcino para avaliação e desenvolvimento de diferentes dispositivos coronários baseados em cateter: ferramenta pré-clínica fundamental / Porcine model for the evaluation and development of catheter-based coronary devices: an essential preclinical tool

INTRODUÇÃO: O modelo experimental porcino tem grande similaridade anatômica e fisiológica com o coração humano, e é de fácil reprodutibilidade, sendo de grande valia para testar novas gerações de stents e balões. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho de um modelo experimental para intervenção coronária percutânea na avaliação de diferentes dispositivos coronários. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 131 porcos juvenis de granja comercial, sendo 109 fêmeas, pesando 26,4 ± 3,2 kg, anestesiados, monitorados e ventilados mecanicamente, com acesso vascular obtido por via femoral (dissecção ou punção). Após a cateterização seletiva das artérias coronárias com cateter JR 6 F, procedeu-se à utilização do dispositivo coronário a ser estudado. Os animais foram mantidos sob ventilação mecânica até a recuperação e submetidos a reestudos angiográficos 7, 28, 90 e/ou 180 dias após o procedimento. Após a eutanásia, os corações foram coletados e submetidos a análises macro e microscópicas. RESULTADOS: Foram testados seis stents farmacológicos, dois balões farmacológicos e dois stents não farmacológico. O óbito intraprocedimento não planejado incidiu em 1,5% dos casos e, no pós-procedimento, em 9,2%, ocorrendo em um período de 12 horas a 6 dias (2,3 ± 1,6 dias). Além das análises obtidas pela angiografia, foram realizados, durante os procedimentos, ultrassom intracoronário em 20% e tomografia de coerência óptica em 60%, não sendo observados óbitos relacionados ao emprego dessas ferramentas. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo experimental porcino percutâneo mostrou ser reprodutível, com desempenho homogêneo entre os vários dispositivos e de baixa mortalidade, sendo ferramenta indispensável na investigação de novos dispositivos coronários.

BACKGROUND: The experimental porcine model is anatomically and physiologically similar to the human heart, it is easily reproducible and very useful to test new stent and balloon generations. This study was aimed at analyzing an experimental model to evaluate different coronary devices for percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: We evaluated 131 juvenile commercial farm pigs, 109 were female, weighing 26.4 ± 3.2 kg. They were anesthetized and had mechanical ventilation and monitoring. Vascular access was obtained via the femoral artery by dissection or puncture. The coronary device was used after a selective catheterization of the coronary arteries with a JR 6 F catheter. Animals were maintained on mechanical ventilation until recovery and were submitted to angiographic evaluation 7, 28, 90 and/or 180 days after the procedure. After euthanasia, the hearts were collected and submitted to macro and microscopic analysis. RESULTS: Six drug-eluting stents, two drug-eluting balloons and two bare-metal stents were tested. Unplanned deaths were observed in 1.5% of the cases during the procedures and in 9.2% of the cases after the procedure, occurring within 12 hours to 6 days (2.3 ± 1.6 days). In addition to angiographic evaluations, intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography were performed during the procedures in 20% and 60% of the cases, respectively. There was no deaths related to the use of the devices. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental percutaneous porcine model proved to be reproducible with similar outcomes and low mortality for the different devices tested and is an essential tool for the evaluation of new coronary devices.

Evolução temporal da proliferação neointimal após implante de dois tipos de stent farmacológico com polímeros biodegradáveis em modelo porcino: avaliação qualitativa por tomografia de coerência óptica sequencial / Temporal evolution of neointimal proliferation after implantation of two types of drug-eluting stents with biodegradable polymers in porcine model: qualitative assessment by sequential optical coherence tomography

INTRODUÇÃO: Baseados na hipótese de que a neoíntima encontrada em stents farmacológicos (SFs) com polímeros biodegradáveis aos 28 dias não é a neoíntima definitiva e de que a tomografia de coerência óptica (TCO) é um método eficaz para a avaliação sequencial da neoíntima, objetivamos, neste estudo experimental, comparar os achados da TCO aos 28 dias e aos 90 dias em dois tipos de SF com polímeros biodegradáveis: o stent liberador de sirolimus (Inspiron®, Scitech) e o stent liberador de biolimus A9 (Biomatrix®, Biosensors International). MÉTODOS: No total, 6 porcos não-ateroscleróticos foram submetidos a implante de 6 stents Inspiron® e de 6 stents Biomatrix®. Cada porco recebeu os dois tipos de stent, um em cada artéria coronária (descendente anterior e circunflexa) e após 28 dias e 90 dias foram realizadas avaliações qualitativas intrastent a cada milímetro com TCO. RESULTADOS: A avaliação qualitativa, feita por pareamento milímetro a milímetro intrastent, evidenciou neoíntima heterogênea em 39% aos 28 dias e em 0% aos 90 dias, presença de tecido intraluminal em 18% aos 28 dias e em 0% aos 90 dias, irregularidade luminal em 62% aos 28 dias e em 2% aos 90 dias (P < 0,005). Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à qualidade da neoíntima ao longo do tempo (P > 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Os achados à TCO corroboram a hipótese de que a neoíntima encontrada em SFs com polímeros biodegradáveis aos 28 dias não é a neoíntima definitiva. A evidência experimental mais significativa é a mudança das características da neoíntima observada à TCO sequencial.

BACKGROUND: Based on the hypothesis that the neointima found in drug-eluting stents (DES) with biodegradable polymers at 28 days is not a definitive neointima and that optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an effective method for sequential neointimal evaluation, we aim, in this experimental study, to compare OCT findings at 28 and 90 days, in two different DES with biodegradable polymers: the sirolimus-eluting stent (Inspiron®, Scitech) and the biolimus A9-eluting stent (Biomatrix®, Biosensors International). METHODS: Overall, 6 non-atherosclerotic pigs were submitted to the implantation of 6 Inspiron® stents and 6 Biomatrix® stents. Each pig received both stent types, one in each coronary artery (left anterior descending artery and circumflex artery) and after 28 and 90 days qualitative in-stent OCT analyses were performed at 1-millimeter intervals. RESULTS: Qualitative assessment was performed in-stent pairing millimeter by millimeter. Heterogeneous neointimal tissue was evidenced in 39% at 28 days and in 0% at 90 days, the presence of intraluminal tissue in 18% at 28 days and in 0% at 90 days, luminal irregularity in 62% at 28 days and in 2% at 90 days (P < 0.005). There was no difference between groups regarding the quality of the neointima over time (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The OCT findings corroborate the hypothesis that the neointima found in DES with biodegradable polymers at 28 days is not a definitive neointima. The most significant experimental evidence is the change in the neointimal characteristics observed at sequential OCT.

Estudo da dose excipiente: fármaco com avaliação da hiperplasia neointimal por tomografia de coerência óptica e histopatologia em artérias coronárias porcinas após o emprego do balão eluidor de sirolimus / Excipient: Drug Dose Finding with Neointimal Hyperplasia Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography and Histopathology in Porcine Coronary Arteries after Sirolimus-Eluting Balloon Employment

Introdução: Magic TouchTM é um balão recoberto com nanopartículas carreadoras de sirolimus. Objetivamos encontrar a dose excipiente: fármaco com a maior capacidade de inibição da proliferação neointimal 28 dias após o uso desse balão pós-implante de stent não-farmacológico em artérias coronárias porcinas. Métodos: Foram avaliados 14 porcos com implante coronário de stent não-farmacológico seguido por dilatação(60 segundos) com balões com relação excipiente: sirolimus 1:1, 0,5:1, 0,25:1 e 1:0 ou balão controle. Após 28 dias a hiperplasia neointimal foi estudada por tomografia de coerência óptica e histopatologia. Resultados: A hiperplasia neointimal porcentual (%) avaliada pela tomografia de coerência óptica e pela histomorfometria foi de 32,2 e 35,1, 28,1 e 33,4, 17,3 e20,9, 28,6 e 30,2, e 37,9 e 42,3 nos grupos excipiente: sirolimus 0,25:1, 0,5:1, 1:1, 1:0 e balão controle, respectivamente (P = 0,03 para excipiente: sirolimus 1:1 vs. balão controle). A espessura (mm) da neoíntima inter-hastes foi de 0,23, 0,30, 0,16, 0,24 e 0,30 nos grupos excipiente: sirolimus 0,25:1,0,5:1, 1:1, 1:0 e balão controle, respectivamente (P < 0,01para excipiente: sirolimus 1:1 vs. balão controle). Os escores de inflamação, injúria e deposição de fibrina foram baixos e sem diferenças significantes entre os grupos. Conclusões: Ocorreu gradual aumento da eficácia inibitória da proliferação neointimal à medida que a concentração do excipiente aumentou; amenor eficácia ocorreu com a formulação excipiente: sirolimus 0,25:1 e a mais intensa inibição foi observada com a formulação excipiente: sirolimus 1:1, a qual reduziu significantemente a proliferação neointimal em comparação com o grupo controle, com baixos índices de inflamação e injúria.

Cinecoronariografia com gadolínio em pacientes com alergia grave ao contraste iodado / Coronary angiography with gadolinium in patients with severe allergy to iodinated contrast media

Em alguns pacientes a utilização dos meios de contraste iodados é contraindicada pela possibilidade de desencadearem efeitos colaterais graves ameaçadores da vida. Nesses casos, existem relatos em que o gadolínio (gadobutrol), comumente empregado na ressonância nuclear magnética, pode ser usado como meio de contraste para coronariografia. Relatamos dois casos com antecedente de alergia grave ao contraste iodado, que realizaram coronariografia com gadolínio. Os procedimentos foram bem tolerados, a quantidade de contraste não excedeu 0,3-0,4 ml/kg e as imagens obtidas foram de qualidade aceitável para efeitos de diagnóstico.

The use of iodinated contrast media is contraindicated in some patients due to serious life-threatening adverse events. In such cases, there are reports that gadolinium (gadobutrol), which is commonly employed in magnetic resonance imaging, may be used as contrast media for coronary angiography. We report two cases with a history of severe allergy to iodinated contrast agent who underwent coronary angiography with gadolinium. The procedures were well tolerated, the amount of contrast media did not exceed 0.3-0.4 ml/kg and the images obtained were of acceptable quality for diagnostic purposes.

Avaliação pela tomografia de coerência óptica de stent nacional recoberto com polímero biodegradável eluidor de sirolimus vs. stent eluidor de biolimus A9 em artérias coronárias porcinas / Assessment by optical coherence tomography of a Brazilian biodegradable polymer-coated sirolimus eluting stent vs a biolimus A9-eluting stent in porcine coronary arteries

Introdução: Está em desenvolvimento em nosso meio o stent InspironTM, um stent nacional metálico de cobalto-cromorecoberto com uma mistura de polímeros bioabsorvíveis exclusivamente em sua face abluminal e com liberação de sirolimus. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar, em um modelo experimental, os achados da tomografia de coerência óptica dos stents InspironTM e BioMatrixTM. Métodos: Os stents foram implantados em artérias coronárias porcinas. Cada indivíduo recebeu os dois tipos de stent, um em cada artéria (artérias descendente anterior e circunflexa), e após 28 dias foi realizado novo estudo angiográfico e empregada a tomografia de coerência óptica para avaliação da hiperplasia neointimal. Resultados: Sete porcos receberam 7 stents InspironTM e 7 stents BioMatrixTM. O diâmetro de referência dos vasos tratados foi de 2,16 + 0,37 mm e a relação balão de implante do stent/artéria foi de 1,17 + 0,16 atm, sem diferença entre os grupos. A perda tardia intrastent foi de 0,53 + 0,56 mm e de 0,32 + 0,37 mm (P = 0,43) para os stents InspironTM e BioMatrixTM, respectivamente. Ocorreu um caso de reestenose angiográfica no grupo stent InspironTM (14% vs. 0; P = 0,2). A tomografia de coerência óptica evidenciou área neointimal intrastent no stent InspironTM de 1,61 + 0,57 mm² e no stent BioMatrixTM de 1,36 + 0,66 mm² (P = 0,47). A área neointimal porcentual foi de 31% no stent InspironTM vs. 23% no stent BioMatrixTM (P = 0,21). Conclusões: Após 28 dias de implante em artérias coronárias porcinas o stent InspironTM apresentou grau de hiperplasia neointimal intrastent semelhante ao do stent BioMatrixTM.

Background: InspironTM, a chrome-cobalt sirolimus-eluting stent covered by a mixture of bioabsorbable polymers on its abluminal side is being developed in Brazil. Our objective was to compare in an experimental study the findings ofoptical coherence tomography for the InspironTM and BioMatrix™ stents. Methods: Stents were implanted in porcine coronary arteries. Each individual received two types of stents, one in each artery (left anterior descending and left circumflex artery). After 28 days, a new angiography was performed and optical coherence tomography was used to assess neointimal hyperplasia. Results: Seven Inspiron™ stents and 7 BioMatrixTM stents were implanted in 7 domestic pigs. The reference diameter of the treated vessels was 2.16 + 0.37 mm and the balloon to artery ratio was 1.17 + 0.16 atm, with no statisticaldifference between groups. In-stent late loss was 0.53 + 0.56 mm and 0.32 + 0.37 mm (P = 0.43) for the InspironTMand BioMatrixTM stents, respectively. There was one case of angiographic restenosis in the InspironTM group (14% vs 0; P = 0.2). Optical coherence tomography showed an instent neointimal area of 1.61 + 0.57 mm² for the InspironTM stent and 1.36 + 0.66 mm² for the BioMatrixTM stent (P = 0.47). The percentage of neointimal area was 31% for the InspironTM stent vs 23% for the BiomatrixTM stent (P = 0.21). Conclusions: Twenty-eight days after implantation in porcine coronaryarteries the InspironTM stent showed a similar degree of neointimal hyperplasia as the BiomatrixTM stent.

Technical difficulty in stenting Supralimus in radial artery graft.

Woman, 67 years old, with unstable angina and history of myocardial revascularization: left internal thoracic artery to anterior descending artery and graft with radial artery (RA) to right coronary artery branches. Coronariography showed stenosis of 90% in the RA graft, treated with conventional stent. After two months, the patient developed unstable angina related to in-stent restenosis, treated with sirolimus-eluting stent. In the follow-up, six months after implantation, the patient was asymptomatic and maintening the outcome of the implant. This case report demonstrates the technical difficulties of percutaneous intervention in RA grafts and treatment outcome of in-stent restenosis with sirolimus stent.

Perfil clínico-angiográfico na doença arterial coronariana: desfecho hospitalar com ênfase nos muito idosos / Clinical and angiographic profile in coronary artery disease: hospital outcome with emphasis on the very elderly / Perfil clínico-angiográfico en la enfermedad arterial coronaria: desenlace hospitalario con énfasis en los muy añosos

FUNDAMENTO: Conhecer fatores de risco e manifestações clínicas da doença arterial coronariana (DAC) permite-nos intervir de maneira mais eficaz junto a uma determinada população. OBJETIVO: Identificar perfis clínicos e angiográficos dos pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco, atendidos em um hospital terciário e tratados por meio de intervenções coronarianas percutâneas (ICP). MÉTODOS: Casuística de 1.282 pacientes submetidos a 1.410 cateterismos cardíacos, selecionados de mar/2007-mai/2008 em um banco de dados de um hospital geral para diagnóstico de doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Fatores de risco, indicação do exame, detalhes técnicos da ICP e desfechos intra-hospitalares foram prospectivamente coletados. RESULTADOS: Foram 688 (54,0 por cento) pacientes do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 65,4 ± 10,9 anos, sendo 20,0 por cento acima dos 75 anos. O quadro clínico confirmado com mais frequência foi o de síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (SST) (38,7 por cento). A DAC multiarterial ocorreu em 46,4 por cento, foi indicada ICP em 464 pacientes, sendo tratadas 547 lesões-alvo (tipo B2 ou C, em 86,0 por cento), sendo destas, 14,0 por cento tratadas com stent farmacológico. Dentre os IAM com SST, ICP primária foi realizada em 19,0 por cento dos pacientes, sendo que, destes, 77,0 por cento foram transferidos dos hospitais de origem tardiamente (ICP tardia) e não receberam trombolítico prévio, e 4,0 por cento realizaram ICP de resgate. Foi obtido sucesso angiográfico em 94,2 por cento das ICPs. Aconteceu óbito em 5,6 por cento dos pacientes, tendo estes uma média de idade de 75,2 ± 10,2 anos. CONCLUSÃO: Observamos predomínio de idosos (estando 20,1 por cento > 75 anos) e do sexo masculino. Dos fatores de risco para DAC, os mais frequentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica e dislipidemia. Ocorreu predomínio da SCA. A idade > 75 anos, DAC multiarterial e a insuficiência renal crônica foram os preditores de óbito intra-hospitalar.

BACKGROUND: Knowing the risk factors and clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease (CAD) allows us to intervene more effectively with a particular population. OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and angiographic profiles of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, treated at a tertiary hospital and treated by percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). METHODS: The study of 1,282 patients who underwent 1,410 cardiac catheterizations, selected from March/2007 to May/2008 from a database in a general hospital for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Risk factors, indication for examination, technical details of PCI and in-hospital outcomes were prospectively collected. RESULTS: There were 688 (54.0 percent) males, mean age 65.4 ± 10.9 years and 20.0 percent above 75 years age. The most frequent clinical condition was acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without ST-segment elevation (STS) (38.7 percent). The multi artery CAD occurred in 46.4 percent, PCI was indicated in 464 patients, 547 target lesions were treated (type B2 or C, 86.0 percent), and of these, 14.0 percent treated with drug eluting stents. Among those with AMI with STS, primary PCI was performed in 19.0 percent of the patients, from these, 77.0 percent were transferred from the origin hospitals late (late PCI) and had not received prior thrombolytic, and 4.0 percent had PCI rescue. Angiographic success was achieved in 94.2 percent of PCIs. Death occurred in 5.6 percent of patients, with average age of 75.2 ± 10.2 years. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of elderly (20.1 percent being > 75 years) and male was observed. From the risk factors for CAD, the most common were systemic hypertension and dyslipidemia. There was a predominance of ACS. Age > 75 years old, multiarterial CAD and chronic renal failure were predictors of in-hospital deaths.

FUNDAMENTO: Conocer factores de riesgo y manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) nos permite intervenir de manera más eficaz en una determinada población. OBJETIVO: Identificar perfiles clínicos y angiográficos de los pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardíaco, atendidos en un hospital terciario y tratados por medio de intervenciones coronarias percutáneas (ICP). MÉTODOS: Casuística de 1.282 pacientes sometidos a 1.410 cateterismos cardíacos, seleccionados de mar/2007-may/2008 en un banco de datos de un hospital general para diagnóstico de enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC). Factores de riesgo, indicación del examen, detalles técnicos de la ICP y desenlaces intrahospitalarios fueron prospectivamente colectados. RESULTADOS: Fueron 688 (54,0 por ciento) pacientes del sexo masculino, con media de edad de 65,4 ± 10,9 años, siendo 20,0 por ciento encima de los 75 años. El cuadro clínico confirmado con más frecuencia fue el de síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) sin supradesnivel del segmento ST (SST) (38,7 por ciento). La EAC multiarterial ocurrió en 46,4 por ciento, fue indicada ICP en 464 pacientes, siendo tratadas 547 lesiones-blanco (tipo B2 o C, en 86,0 por ciento), siendo de éstas, 14,0 por ciento tratadas con stent farmacológico. Entre los IAM con SST, ICP primaria fue realizada en 19,0 por ciento de los pacientes, siendo que, de éstos, 77,0 por ciento fueron transferidos de los hospitales de origen tardíamente (ICP tardía) y no recibieron trombolítico previo, y 4,0 por ciento realizaron ICP de rescate. Fue obtenido éxito angiográfico en 94,2 por ciento de las ICPs. Sucedió óbito en 5,6 por ciento de los pacientes, teniendo éstos una media de edad de 75,2 ± 10,2 años. CONCLUSIÓN: Observamos predominio de añosos (siendo 20,1 por ciento > 75 años) y del sexo masculino. De los factores de riesgo para EAC, los más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial sistémica y dislipidemia. Ocurrió predominio de la SCA. La edad > 75 años, EAC multiarterial y la insuficiencia renal crónica fueron los predictores de óbito intrahospitalario.

[Clinical and angiographic profile in coronary artery disease: hospital outcome with emphasis on the very elderly]. / Perfil clínico-angiográfico na doença arterial coronariana: desfecho hospitalar com ênfase nos muito idosos.

BACKGROUND: knowing the risk factors and clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease (CAD) allows us to intervene more effectively with a particular population. OBJECTIVE: to identify clinical and angiographic profiles of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, treated at a tertiary hospital and treated by percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). METHODS: the study of 1,282 patients who underwent 1,410 cardiac catheterizations, selected from March/2007 to May/2008 from a database in a general hospital for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Risk factors, indication for examination, technical details of PCI and in-hospital outcomes were prospectively collected. RESULTS: there were 688 (54.0%) males, mean age 65.4 ± 10.9 years and 20.0% above 75 years age. The most frequent clinical condition was acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without ST-segment elevation (STS) (38.7%). The multi artery CAD occurred in 46.4%, PCI was indicated in 464 patients, 547 target lesions were treated (type B2 or C, 86.0%), and of these, 14.0% treated with drug eluting stents. Among those with AMI with STS, primary PCI was performed in 19.0% of the patients, from these, 77.0% were transferred from the origin hospitals late (late PCI) and had not received prior thrombolytic, and 4.0% had PCI rescue. Angiographic success was achieved in 94.2% of PCIs. Death occurred in 5.6% of patients, with average age of 75.2 ± 10.2 years. CONCLUSION: the prevalence of elderly (20.1% being > 75 years) and male was observed. From the risk factors for CAD, the most common were systemic hypertension and dyslipidemia. There was a predominance of ACS. Age > 75 years old, multiarterial CAD and chronic renal failure were predictors of in-hospital deaths.