High-performance pulse light stable perovskite indoor photovoltaics.

Perovskite solar cells offer great potential as a sustainable power source for distributed electronic devices that operate indoors. However, the impact of advanced lighting technology, especially the widely used pulse width modulation (PWM) technology, on perovskite photovoltaics has been ignored. Herein, for the first time in photovoltaics, we find that the light impact emitted by the PWM lighting system caused dynamic strain in perovskite thin films, induced phase separation, and accelerated the generation of metallic lead (Pb0) defects, leading to irreversible degradation of the cell performance after 27 h (T80). To address this issue, formamidinium triiodide (FAI3) is chosen to treat the surface of the perovskite and release residual stress, resulting in reduced lattice deformation during dynamic strain processes. Meanwhile, it suppresses harmful Pb0 defects and reduces Voc loss at low light intensity. The champion device achieves impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 35.14% and retains 99.5% of the initial PCE after continuous strobe light soaking for 2160 h.

Bifacial perovskite solar cells: a universal component that goes beyond albedo utilization.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved remarkable progress in the past decade and become the most powerful challenger of traditional silicon photovoltaics. Among the many designs, bifacial PSCs have received widespread attention these days due to their ability to fully utilize environmental reflection and scattering light to enhance energy yield. They also can provide better aesthetic design for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). However, the potential of bifacial PSCs is not limited to these traditional applications. Importantly, such architecture also serves as a universal component for multi-junction cells and photon engineering, which are both critical for further efficiency improvement. In this review, the requirements of different functional layers under various applications are described in detail, starting from the structure of bifacial PSCs. The application developments are introduced, including albedo utilization, semitransparent PSCs (ST-PSCs), TSCs. The present issues (such as stability, large area, recombination of carriers at the back electrode and toxicity etc.) and the extra challenges of bifacial PSCs are highlighted. It is hoped that this review can provide new ideas for the future development and further improve the competitiveness of PSCs.

Effect of postoperative application of esketamine on postoperative depression and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy: a randomized controlled trial protocol.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is traumatic, difficult to perform, and has a high incidence of postoperative complications and perioperative mortality. Postoperative complications and pain occur frequently and seriously affect the psychological status of patients. Esketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has analgesic and antidepressant effects. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of esketamine on postoperative depression and pain in patients undergoing PD. METHODS/DESIGN: This prospective, single-center, randomized control trial will include 80 patients who will undergo elective PD. The patients will be randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group that will receive esketamine (n = 40) and the control group (n = 40). In the esketamine group, the analgesic pump will be connected immediately after surgery. A solution of esketamine 1.5 mg/kg + sufentanil 2 µg/kg, diluted to 150 mL, will be administered continuously for 72 h at the background infusion and impact doses of 1 mL/h and 2 mL/time, respectively; the locking time will be 10 min. The control group will receive sufentanil 2 µg/kg that will be administered as per the esketamine group. The primary outcome will be the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) score on the third day post-surgery (POD3). Secondary study indicators will include (1) visual analog scale (VAS) score and HAMD-17 score prior to surgery, immediately after entering the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after surgery; (2) Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after surgery; (3) consumed doses of sufentanil and esketamine after surgery; (4) postoperative analgesia pump effective press times, rescue analgesia times, and rescue drug dosage, recording the number of rescue analgesia and rescue drug dosage at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after the patient enters the PACU; (5) postoperative complications and adverse events; (6) postoperative hospital stay; (7) concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6, at 1, 3, and, 5 days post-surgery; and (8) the patient survival rate at 6 and 12 months post-surgery. DISCUSSION: The study hypothesis is that the postoperative HAMD-17 and VAS scores, incidence of postoperative adverse reactions, and concentration of serum markers BDNP, 5-HT, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the experimental group will be lower than those in the control group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ChiCTR2200066303. Registered on November 30, 2022. PROTOCOL VERSION: 1.0.

China's cultivation of master nursing specialist: A qualitative content analysis of the stakeholders.

AIM: To assess the Master of Nursing Specialist (MNS) in China from the perspectives of relevant stakeholders to assist the sustained development of the MNS program. BACKGROUND: With the growing demand for quality nursing care, the cultivation of higher-level specialized nursing professionals continues to be challenging. DESIGN: A descriptive qualitative study. METHODS: The study used a convenience sampling method. Stakeholders of MNS education in the interviews included graduates of the MNS program, hospital administrators and healthcare policymakers. The individual semi-structured interviews were conducted via telephone, online interview, or face-to-face between April and December 2020. All interview materials were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis approach. RESULTS: A total of 27 stakeholders completed the interviews, including 11 MNS graduates, 11 hospital administrators and 5 healthcare policymakers. Attitudes about and confirmation of the MNS program were collected as well as suggestions about further optimization. Three themes or categories were identified: the paradox of MNS prospects, current conditions of MNS education and strategic actions for further optimization. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings were based on the relevant stakeholders' views toward MNS education, providing a multidimensional view when combined. The results reflected the current state and future direction of MNS education in China, which will help sustain the development of MNS programs. The practice and experience in China will enlighten other developing countries with similar backgrounds.

A single-center experience on exchange transfusion therapy in 123 full-term cases of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Wuhan.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical experience in application of exchange transfusion therapy (ETT) in the treatment of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS: The clinical data and examination results of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia full-term cases treated by ETT were analyzed retrospectively, the etiology and risk factors of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were statistically analyzed, and the statistical characteristics of the children in each etiological group and the incidence of adverse events of ETT were analyzed. RESULTS: The age of jaundice, peak total bilirubin after phototherapy and ETT in 123 full-term infants were 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) days, 4.0 (2.0, 7.0) days and 4.0 (2.0, 7.0) days, respectively, of which 68 were male and 55 were female. The main pathogeny of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was blood group incompatibility hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN). Age of ETT, total bilirubin after ETT, gender and BAEP results were different between ABE and non-ABE infants. Weight loss can be used as a predictor of hospitalization length. The major adverse events related to ETT were hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia and thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS: ETT can rapidly reduce the level of total bilirubin to prevent ABE and play an important role in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, but the whole process of ETT needs to be closely monitored.

Interference in the indirect antiglobulin test and direct antiglobulin test from rheumatoid factor.

BACKGROUND: The indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and direct antiglobulin test (DAT) have been used as common tests for transfusion. Recently, we have found that in addition to causing false increases, rheumatoid factor (RF) can also cause false decreases in immunoassays for hepatitis B surface antigen and B-type natriuretic peptide. However, it remains unclear whether RF also interferes with the IAT and DAT. METHODS: IAT models were produced by mixing IAT-positive plasma and RF-positive plasma, then one-step and two-step IATs were adopted for detection. DAT models were produced by mixing DAT-positive red blood cells (RBCs) and RF-positive plasma, followed by detection with the DAT. The DAT models were diluted using the same RF-positive plasma, and the DAT was performed again. RESULTS: The rate of decrease of the two-step IAT (40.63%) was significantly higher than that of the one-step IAT (31.51%). Both the rate of decrease (76.67%) and increase (16.67%) of the results of the 60 DAT models were significantly higher than those of the IAT models after two-fold dilution. CONCLUSIONS: The RF can lead to both false decreases and false increases in IAT and DAT. And the interference effects are related to the RF content relative to the IgG-sensitized RBCs.

Advanced glycosylated end products restrain the osteogenic differentiation of the periodontal ligament stem cell.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Many studies have confirmed that periodontal disease interacts with diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine whether the advanced glycosylated end products (AGEs), which are generated by diabetics, have important effects on the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study PDLSCs were isolated from the periodontal ligaments of extracted third molar teeth. The subjects were divided into two groups, which included the normal control group (N-PDLSCs) and the AGEs-stimulating group (A-PDLSCs). Changes of receptor of AGEs (RAGE) and cumulative ROS in PDLSCs were monitored by western blot and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS: In the study AGEs noticeably inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, with significant lower calcification nodules detected in A-PDLSCs (P < 0.01). RAGE expression level and ROS accumulation in A-PDLSCs were clearly higher than those in N-PDLSCs (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our conclusions were that AGEs may cause the apoptosis of stem cells, which could lead to the disorder of bone differentiation function of PDLSCs.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Danaus chrysippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae).

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Danaus chrysippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) was determined. The 15,236 bp long genome encodes 13 putative proteins, two ribosomal RNAs, 22 tRNAs and a non-coding AT-rich region. Its gene arrangement pattern is identical to most of other lepidopteran species. All protein-coding genes start with a typical ATN codon with the exception of COI gene which uses CGA as its initial codon; all PCGs terminate in the common stop TAA or TAG, except COI, COII, ND5 and ND4 which use single T as their stop codons. A total of 102 bp intergenic spacers and a total of 33 bp overlapping sequences are interspersed throughout the whole genome. The mitogenome harbors 22 txRNAs as those of most insect species and all tRNA genes evidence the typical clover leaf secondary structures with the exception of tRNAser (AGN) who loses its dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. The lrRNA and srRNA genes are 1339 and 783 bp, with the AT contents of 84.1 and 84.8%, respectively. The non-coding AT-rich region is 418 bp long, and contains the motif ATAGA followed by a 21-bp poly-T stretch and a microsatellite-like (AT)9 element preceded by the ATTTA motif.