Physical exercise frequency and cognition: a multicenter cross-sectional cohort study.

Background and aims: Dementia imposes a heavy burden on society and families, therefore, effective drug treatments, exploring and preventing factors associated with dementia, are paramount. To provide reference points for the best frequency of physical exercise (physical exercise), we investigated the association between frequency of PE and cognition in Chinese old adults. Methods: 16,181 Chinese participants aged 65 years or older were included in this study. Associations between PE and cognition were estimated multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses. Associations were further investigated across dementia subtypes (Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia, and other types of dementia). Subgroup analyses were performed in different age groups, in populations with and without stroke, and those with and without hypertension. Results: PE associated with dementia after adjusting for full covariates (OR: 0.5414, 95% CI: 0.4536-0.6491, p < 0.001). Exercise performed at ≥3 times/week associated with lower risk of dementia (OR: 0.4794-0.6619, all p value <0.001). PE was associated with improved cognition (ß: 12851, p < 0.001), and any PE frequency contributed to cognitive improvement (p values for exercise performed ≥1 time/week were <0.001). Similar conclusions were identified when we repeated analyses in different dementia subtypes and age groups. Subgroup analyses suggested that the cognition of individuals without hypertension also benefitted from exercising 1-2 times/week (OR: 0.6168, 95% CI: 0.4379-0.8668, p = 0.005). Conclusion: The best exercise frequency is exercising ≥3 times/week for individuals from different dementia subtypes and age groups. While for those without hypertension, PE at 1-2 times /week is also beneficial.

Comparison of extended trochanteric osteotomy and subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy in the treatment of Crowe type IV DDH total hip arthroplasty / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the difference in the efficacy of extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) and subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy (SSO) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).Methods:Forty patients (51 hips) who underwent primary THA for Crowe type IV DDH from April 2012 to August 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were classified into ETO (extended greater trochanteric osteotomy) group and SSO(subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy) group. There were 12 patients (14 hips) in the ETO group, with 3 males and 9 females, aged 49.9±16.7 years old (range, 22-75 years old) and 28 patients (37 hips) in the SSO group, with 7 males and 21 females, aged 50.3±14.0 years (range, 22-76 years). In both groups, Harris hip score (HHS), leg length discrepancy, limp, Trendelenburg sign were used to evaluate the functional results and anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis were taken at each follow-up to assess bone healing at the osteotomy site, periprosthetic osteolysis, bone ingrowth and periprosthetic loosening. Complications were recorded and analyzed.Results:All 51 hips were followed up for at least 24 months. The operative time and total blood loss was 116.8±14.2 vs. 128.3±19.2 min and 650.8±191.4 vs. 808.3±151.3 ml in the ETO group and the SSO group with significant difference ( t=2.04, P=0.047; t=3.08, P=0.003) respectively. At the follow-up of 24 months the HHS of ETO and SSO groups were 94.8±6.3 vs. 93.9±4.9 points and the leg length discrepancy was 4.6±2.2 vs. 5.2±3.0 mm. The positive rate of Trendelenburg's sign was 7% vs. 16% and the incidence of limp was 17% vs. 29% in the ETO group and the SSO group with no significant difference ( t=0.54, P=0.591; t=0.68, P=0.499; P=0.657; P=0.693). The length of femoral shortening in the ETO group and SSO group was 30.8±4.1 vs 35.3±7.9 mm with significant difference ( t=2.02, P=0.049). Time for bone healing at the osteotomy site was 5.8±1.5 vs. 6.0±1.4 months and the incidence of intraoperative femoral fractures was 36% and vs. 65% with no significant difference ( t=0.45, P=0.657; χ 2=3.52, P=0.061). Bone in-growth (or bone on-growth) fixation was obtained for all acetabular and femoral prostheses, with no hips of prosthesis displacement, periprosthetic osteolysis, or dislocation. Conclusion:Total hip arthroplasty for Crowe type IV DDH can achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy with similar functional recovery and rate of complication in extended trochanteric osteotomy and subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy. However, the extended greater trochanter osteotomy can reduce the operation time, blood loss and length of femoral shortening.

Efficacy of posterior atlantoaxial joint release in treating craniovertebral junction deformity combined with atlantoaxial instability / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To evaluate the curative effect of posterior atlantoaxial joint release and internal fixation in treating unstable craniocervical junction malformation （UCVJM）. 【Methods】 This study retrospectively enrolled 31 patients with UCVJM， who received posterior atlantoaxial joint release and internal fixation between January 2015 and December 2018. The pre- and postoperative changes of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA） scores， the cervicomedullary angle （CMA）， the atlantodental interval （ADI） and the height above the Chamberlain line of the odontoid （H） were traced to evaluate whether clinical symptoms， compression of spinal cord， horizontal and vertical dislocation of atlantoaxial were improved postoperatively. 【Results】 The average operation duration， bleeding during operation and the average days of hospitalization were （168.38±38.21）min， （147.09±59.84）mL， and （9.54±2.81） days， respectively. None of the patients had vertebral artery or spinal cord injury during operation. JOA score， ADI， H， and CMA were （11.94±1.37） points， （2.72±1.08）mm， （3.03±0.78）mm， and （145.35±8.00）° respectively on the 6th days after operation compared with the preoperative （9.94±1.26） points， （4.96±1.60）mm， （6.89±1.36） mm and （122.16±9.58）°， with statistical differences， which indicated all indexes were improved （all P<0.001）. During 6-25 months’ follow-up， there was no internal fixation looseness or displacement and JOA score was increased to （13.16±1.19） for all the patients in the last follow-up （all P<0.001）. 【Conclusion】 The posterior atlantoaxial joint release combined with internal fixation is safe and effective for patients with UCVJM.

Chemical constituents of Lomatogonium carinthiacum and Halenia corniculata / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from traditional Chinese (Mongolian) medicine, Lomatogonium carinthiacum and Halenia corniculate. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silicagel column, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and high performance liquid chromategramphy. The structures were identified by NMR and MS analysis technics. Results: Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as isovitexin (1), Luteolin-5-O-β-D-glucoside (2), Isosaponarin (3), Luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (4,7), 1,4,8-Trimethoxy-xanthone-6-O-β-D-glucoronyl-(1 → 6)O-β-Dglucoside (5), friginosideD (6), 1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone (8), 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone (9), 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,7-tetramethoxyxanthone(10), 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5,7-pentamethoxyxanthone (11) and usnic acid (12). Conclusion: Compounds 6 and 12 are obtained from L. carinthiacum and H. corniculate for the first time.

Prevalence of Constipation in Elderly and Its Association With Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Constipation and dementia have similar epidemiological characteristics. Changes in intestinal flora and characteristics of the brain-gut axis play roles in the pathogeneses of the two diseases, suggesting that there may be a close connection between the two. Most of the studies on constipation in dementia patients have focused on the population with α-synucleinopathies [Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)]. Few studies have reported the prevalence of constipation in all-cause dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) populations. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of constipation in patients with all-cause dementia and MCI subtypes and to explore the association between constipation with dementia and MCI subtypes. METHODS: From May 2019 to December 2019, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey. A total of 11,743 participants aged 65 or older from nine cities in China were surveyed. Participants underwent a series of clinical examinations and neuropsychological measurements. Constipation, dementia, MCI and MCI subtype were diagnosed according to established criteria through standard diagnostic procedures. RESULTS: The overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of constipation in individuals aged 65 years and older was 14.8% (95% CI, 14.6-15.0). The prevalence rates of constipation were19.2% (95% CI, 17.3-21.0), 19.1% (95% CI, 16.8-21.5), 14.4% (95% CI, 12.8-15.9), and 13.8% (95% CI, 13.0-14.6) in the dementia, non-amnestic (na)-MCI, amnestic (a)-MCI and normal cognition populations, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher prevalence of constipation was associated with dementia (p = 0.0.032, OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02-1.38) and na-MCI (p = 0.003, OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09-1.54). CONCLUSION: The present study found a high prevalence of constipation in elderly individuals in China, and higher in patients with dementia and na-MCI.

Efficacy of modified posterior fossa decompression in the treatment of Chiari type Ⅰ malformation with the neuroendoscope / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the clinical efficacy of modified posterior fossa decompression in treating Chiari type I malformation under the neuroendoscope. 【Methods】 We made a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 63 patients with Chiari type I malformation treated at the Neurosurgery Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2015 to December 2019. Of the patients, 28 ones underwent modified posterior fossa decompression assisted with neuroendoscopy (observation group) while 35 received posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (control group). Tator grading, syringomyelia improvement and complications were compared between the two groups to evaluate the postoperative efficacy. 【Results】 The operations were successful in all the 63 patients and no death or severe neurological dysfunction was observed. The efficacy rate was 78.6% in the observation group and 54.3% in the control group, with significant difference (P0.05). 【Conclusion】 Modified posterior fossa decompression assisted with neuroendoscope is a safe and effective treatment for Chiari type Ⅰ malformation. Intraoperative dural watertight suture and dural-muscle suspension can help reduce the occurrence of subcutaneous effusion.

Surgical freedom of odontoidectomy via endoscopic endonasal approach / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To quantitatively analyze the surgical freedom of odontioectomy via endoscopic endonasal approach. 【Methods】 Seven adult head specimens were dissected by the endoscopic transnasal approach to the sellar region and craniocervical junction. The center of sellar floor (CenSF), opticocarotid recess (LOCR), foramen magnum, atlas, atlas-occipital joint and tip of odontoid process (TOP) were exposed. The surgical freedom of TOP was calculated by using the spatial coordinate positioning system of neuronavigation, and compared with that of LOCR and CenSF. 【Results】 CenSF and LOCR were common landmarks in the endonasal endoscopic approach. When the surgical freedom between TOP and CenSF and LOCR was compared, it indicated that ① The angle of attack on axial plane (AAAP):There was a significant difference among TOP, LOCR and CenSF (5.7 ° vs. 6.9 ° vs. 8.5 °, P=0.004). The comparison between the two groups showed that TOP was less than CenSF (P=0.003). ② The angle of attack on sagittal plane (AASP): There was a significant difference among TOP, LOCR and CenSF (6.3° vs. 7.0° vs. 9.5°, P=0.009). The TOP was less than CenSF (P=0.008). ③ There was no statistical significance between TOP and LOCR in surgical freedom (P=0.604, P=0.688). 【Conclusion】 Endoscopic transnasal approach can provide sufficient surgical freedom for odontoidectomy.

Clinical study of 80 patients with spasmodic cerebral palsy undergoing microsurgery / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To discuss and summarize the choice of the operation plan and evaluation of curative effect of spasmodic cerebral palsy. 【Methods】 Clinical data of 80 patients with spastic cerebral palsy treated by neurosurgery in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University were collected retrospectively and analyzed statistically. Eighty patients were followed up for 12 to 52 months, with an average follow-up of 21.3 months. The muscle tension grading, spasm index, range of motion, Holden walking ability and postoperative complications were compared one year after surgery. 【Results】 Totally 64 cases received selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) combined muscle strength muscle tension adjustment method (MMA) and 16 cases selective peripheral neurotomy combined muscle strength muscle tension adjustment method. The grade and spasm index of muscle tension decreased significantly one year after operation (P<0.001). The range of joint motion and Holden walking ability were significantly improved (P<0.001). Transient urination disorder occurred in two cases (2.5%), and limb sensation disorder in two cases (2.5%), all of which were improved within three months. Weakness of dorsiflexion of foot in one case (1.25%). 【Conclusion】 Selective partial neurotomy and muscle tension adjustment is a safe and effective surgical method to treat spasmodic cerebral palsy. Real-time evaluation of muscle tension and ankle clonus changes during the operation is an important factor to ensure the postoperative efficacy.

Comparative study on modified selective posterior rhiotomy and traditional selective posterior rhiotomy in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To compare the application of modified selective posterior rhiotomy of spinal nerve with traditional rhiotomy in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy and to evaluate the efficacy and complications of the two surgical methods. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 52 patients with spastic cerebral palsy were analyzed retrospectively. Among them 23 cases were treated with traditional selective posterior rhiotomy and the remaining 29 cases with modified selective posterior rhiotomy. Operation time, amount of blood loss, proportion of root after spinal nerve amputation, postoperative complications, spasm index, ankle clonus, and Holden walking ability at 1 year after operation were compared between the two groups. 【Results】 The operation time of modified selective posterior rhiotomy was longer than that of conventional surgery (P0.05). The proportion of root was smaller in the modified group than in the traditional group (P<0.05). The improved group was superior to the traditional group in the disappearance of ankle clonus (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Modified selective posterior rhiotomy has more advantages in eliminating ankle clonus. It is a safe and effective surgical improvement method to evaluate the changes of muscle tension and ankle clonus to quantitatively cut the posterior root of spinal nerve during the operation. This can reduce the proportion of the posterior root of spinal nerve during the operation, and keep the anatomical and functional basis for reducing the occurrence of surgical complications.

Application of oxygen saturation monitoring of brain tissue combined with continuous intracranial pressure monitoring in the operation of patients with cerebral hemorrhage / 中国综合临床

Objective:To investigate the application of continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) combined with regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO 2) monitoring in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage before and after operation of the removal hematoma through small bone window and the effect on the prognosis of patients. Methods:The clinical data of 37 patients with supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit of the people′s Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from April 2018 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.ICP monitoring and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to monitor the intracranial pressure and rScO 2 concentration before and after the operation, and the changes of intracranial pressure and rScO 2 before and after the operation were analyzed.According to Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS), patients with GOS score>3 were classified as good prognosis group (21 cases), and those with GOS score ≤3 were classified as poor prognosis group (16 cases). Results:The postoperative intracranial pressure((15.80±6.70) mmHg)of patientswith hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage was lower than that before operation((20.40±5.80) mmHg), and the difference was statistically significant( t=3.226, P=0.002). The postoperative rScO 2 ((62.31±3.85)% )of patientswith hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage was higher than that before operation((59.73±3.13)%), and the difference was statistically significant( t=3.171, P=0.002). The decrease of intracranial pressure in patients with good prognosis((6.53±2.21) mmHg)was more obvious than that in patients with poor prognosis((4.24±2.30) mmHg). The concentration of rScO 2 increased in both groups.But in the group with good prognosis, the rScO 2 increased((3.99±2.34)%)was significantly higher than that in poor prognosis group((2.32±2.25)%). Six months after operation, there were significant differences in preoperative and postoperative intracranial pressure and rScO 2 between good prognosis group and poor prognosis group, and the difference was statistically significant( t=3.090, 2.176; P=0.004, 0.036). Conclusion:Small bone window evacuation of intracerebral hematoma can significantly reduce the concentration of intracranial pressure and increase the concentration of rScO 2 in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.The changes of intracranial pressure and rScO 2 before and after operation have potential value in judging the prognosis of patients.

Research advances in biodegradable intervertebral fusion cage for spine / 局解手术学杂志

Objective At present, the mainstream surgical mode and the gold standard for the treatment of spine related diseases are still the intervertebral fusion with the intervertebral implantation of the intervertebral fusion device.The intervertebral fusion device routinely used in clinical practice cannot degrade in vivo after implantation, resulting in lifelong foreign body.High elastic modulus also leads to osteoporosis in adjacent vertebral bodies, which leads to implant sinking, stress shielding and'pseudomorphism'of fusion.The ideal biodegradable synthetic intervertebral fusion cage can be progressively degraded and eventually replaced by new bone, which has the advantages of elastic modulus close to cortical bone, good biocompatibility, X-ray permeability and good initial mechanical strength.In this paper, animal analysis of biodegradable intervertebral fusion cage, clinical effect analysis, current shortcomings and future trends were reviewed.

Effect of glaucocalyxin A on proliferation and cell cycle of triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the effect of glaucocalyxin A on proliferation and cell cycle of triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and its mechanism. Methods The proliferation inhibition rates of MDA-MB-231 cells were measured by MTT assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of the protein cyclin B1, cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4, p53, p21, p27, LSD1, H3K4me2, and H3K9me2 was detected by Western blotting. Results Growth of MDA-MB-231 cells was significantly inhibited by glaucocalyxin A in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the percentage of MDA-MB-231 cells at G2/M phase was increased significantly. As the results of Western blotting, the protein expression levels of p53, p21, p27, H3K4me2, and H3K9me2 in MDA-MB-231 cells were increased, while that of cyclin B1, cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4, and LSD1 were decreased after treated with glaucocalyxin A. Conclusion Glaucocalyxin A could inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells and induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of p53 protein expression and the regulation of histone methylation.

Recent Progress in the Construction of Functional Artificial Bone by Cytokine-Controlled Strategies / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Objective</b>Combining artificial scaffolds with stimulatory factors to reconstruct lost bone tissues is one of the hottest research directions. The purpose of this review was to conduct a retrospective survey on the latest reports on artificial bone fabrication with functional cytokines.</p><p><b>Data Sources</b>The status of related scientific research from the year 2005 to 2018 was analyzed through the mode of literature retrieval in PubMed and VIP Database. The retrieval words are as follows: "bone tissue engineering," "angiogenesis," "cytokines," "osteogenesis," "biomimetic bone marrow," "sol-gel," "delivery system," and the corresponding Chinese words.</p><p><b>Study Selection</b>After reading through the title and abstract for early screening, the full text of relevant studies was evaluated and those not related with this review had been ruled out.</p><p><b>Results</b>According to the literature retrospective survey, there were three key points for the successful construction of functional artificial bones: (1) the continuous supply of relatively low concentration of cytokines during the required period; (2) the delivery of two or more cytokines essential to the process and ensure the relatively spatial independence to reduce the unnecessary interference; and (3) supporting the early-stage angiogenesis and late-stage osteogenesis, respectively, regulating and balancing the crosslinking of both to avoid the surface ossification that would probably block the osteogenesis inside.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>The synergistic effect of both angiogenic factors and osteogenic factors applied in bone regeneration is a key point in the combined functional artificial bone. Through analysis, comparison, and summary of the current strategies, we proposed that the most promising one is to mimic the natural bone marrow function to facilitate the regeneration process and ensure the efficient repair of large weight-bearing bone defect.</p>

A solution to the vessel shortage during free vascularized fibular grafting for reconstructing infected bone defects of the femur: Bridging with vein transplantation.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of bridging vein transplantation to deal with the vessel shortage during free vascularized fibular grafting for reconstructing infected bone defects of the femur. METHODS: Twelve patients (aged 15-58 years) with infected bone defects of the femur (between 6.0 and 18.0cm) were recruited in this study. Vacuum sealing drainage were applied after extensive debridement of the infected bone defects and irrigated with 0.9% sodium chloride solution for 1-2 weeks. After the drainage was clear and the focal infections were controlled, the free vascularized fibula was harvested for reconstructing the femoral bone defects. The vascularized fibula was grafted and fixated appropriately at the recipient site. The autogenous great saphenous vein was harvested, one end was anastomosed and bridged the vascular pedicles of the fibular grafts, and the other end anastomosed the artery and/or the vein in the recipient healthy site. RESULTS: Mean length of vein transplantation with vascularized fibular graft was 10.2 cm (range 7-15cm). All patients had good radiological healing without recorded nonunion or malunion. No patient developed deep infection or implant failure. Primary bone healing was achieved in 10 patients; however, 2 grafted fibular formed pseudarthrosis with the recipient femoral and then healed after a secondary surgery. One patient suffered from graft stress fracture after bone healing and healed after external fixation. After the mean follow-up of 30 months (9-72 months), according to the Enneking scoring system, clinical outcomes were excellent in 7 patients, good in 4 and fair in one. The functional recovery rate of the lesion limb was 89.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Free vascularized fibular graft with vein transplantation bridged vascular pedicle can effectively repair the infected bone, improve blood supply to the bone defect site, and help control infection. It is a feasible and effective treatment for infected bone defects of the femur with poor soft tissue conditions, or blood supply vessel shortage.

Simultaneous determination of four constituents in Xiaojie'an Capsules by HPLC / 中成药

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of four constituents in Xiaojie'an Capsules (Forsythiae Fructus,Leonuri Herba,Spatholobi Caulis,etc.).METHODS The analysis of chloroform extract of this drug was carried out on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Diamond C1scolumn(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile (A)-0.05 mol/L monosodium phosphate (B) flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 278 nm.RESULTS Berberine hydrochloride,palmatine chloride,phillyrin and rutin showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 0.033 7-0.337 2 μg (r =0.999 1),0.054 8-0.548 3 μg (r =0.999 0),0.025 9-0.258 8 μg (r=0.999 2) and 0.008 4-0.084 2 μg (r =0.999 6),whose average recoveries were 98.8％ (RSD =1.3％),99.8％ (RSD =0.7％),98.8％ (RSD =1.3％) and 96.8％ (RSD =1.0％),respectively.CONCLUSION This sensitive and accurate method can be used for the quality control of Xiaojie'an Capsules.

Exploration and optimization of processes for key intermediates of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides / 军事医学

Objective To explore and optimize the processes for synthesis of key intermediates of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides-7'-hydroxy-N-trityl morpholino nucleoside monomer in order to contribute to the research of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides antisense nucleotides.Methods With N-benzoylcytidine,guanosine and 5-methyluridine as starting materials,the ribose was modified to morpholino and the key chemical groups were protected to obtain 7'-hydroxy-N-trityl morpholino nucleoside monomer.Results Compounds N4-benzoyl-7'-hydroxy-N-trityl morpholinocytidine,N2-benzoyl-7'-hydroxy-N-trityl morpholinoguanosine and 7'-hydroxy-N-trityl morpholinothymidine were synthesized.The synthetic processes were optimized as well.The structures of all the intermediates and title compounds were characterized.Conclusion The synthetic processes of 7'-hydroxy-N-trityl morpholino nucleoside monomers have been optimized,which can be employed to prepare title compounds on a large scale.

Comparison of the efficacy of intraspinal tumor resection under quadrant channel and hemilaminectomy surgery / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of intraspinal tumor resection under quadrant channel and hemilaminectomy surgery.Methods We retrospectively studied 33 patients with intraspinal tumor with the lesion length of less than 5 cm hospitalized in our hospital from July 2013 to July 201 5.Of the 33 patients,1 6 patients received intraspinal tumor resection under quadrant channel and 1 7 patients received intraspinal tumor resection under hemilaminectomy surgery.We compared various indicators in the two groups,including the length of surgical incision,surgical operation time,bleeding volume during operation,time for the first ground activity after surgery,length of hospital stay (LOS)after surgery,visual pain simulation (VAS)score 1 week after surgery, and JOA score excellent and good rates.Results The patients who received quadrant channel intraspinal tumor resection outperformed those who received hemilaminectomy surgery regarding the length of surgical incision, bleeding volume during operation,time for the first ground activity after surgery,LOS after surgery,and VAS score 1 week after surgery (P <0.05 ).Conclusion Intraspinal tumor resection under quadrant channel is a safe and effective therapy because of small trauma,less bleeding,quick recovery and curative effect.

Attaching importance to protection and reconstruction of spinal stability and performing spinal surgery vigorously and assuredly / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Spine surgery is a branch of science bridging neurosurgery and orthopedics.In our country,spinal neurosurgery started relatively late and its development is unbalanced regionally despite rapid development in recent years.In this paper, we make an objective evaluation of the development and present situation of spinal neurosurgery in China and its existing problems.We also introduce some theoretical knowledge about stability of the spine as well as some methods commonly used in clinic to protect and reconstruct spinal stability. We urge neurosurgeons to pay more attention to the learning of and research on spinal stability and biomechanics,and perform spinal surgery vigorously and assuredly.

The value of pedicled fat and capsule-packed nerve root in operation of sacral canal cysts / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To evaluate the value of pedicled fat and capsule-packed nerve root in operation of sacral canal cysts.Methods We collected the information of 14 cases of sacral canal cysts for operation in our department and analyzed the operation indications and skills as well as the prognosis.Results All the operations were performed with the help of the microscope and the electrophysiological monitor.The capsules were removed in 9 cases and wrapped in 6 cases,with the total resection rate of 64.3%.The clinical symptoms were improved markedly after the operation.Conclusion The operation with pedicled fat and the capsule-packed nerve root is valuable in treating sacral canal cysts because it can protect the nerve root and get lower recurrence rate.

Application of intraoperative nerve electrophysiological monitoring inlumbosacral spinal cord tumor resection / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study intraoperative neural electrophysiological monitoring applied in lumbosacral spinal cord tumor resection.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 212 patients undergoing lumbosacral spinal cord tumor resection with or without intraoperative neural electrophysiological monitoring in our hospital.The patients were divided into two groups:124 patients in the monitored group received intraoperative neural electrophysiological monitoring while 88 ones in the control group did not.The monitoring was performed by recording the cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP),dermatomal somatosensory evoked potential (DSEP) and electromyography (EMG).The patients were followed up for 3-6 months and their postoperative outcome was analyzed.Results There were significant differences in the outcome (P <0.05),but no difference was found in the incidence of complications between the monitored group and the control group.The sensitivity of CSEP +DSEP+EMG was 100%,and the specificity was 55.9% in the former group.Conclusion Combined monitoring with CSEP,DSEP and EMG during lumbosacral spinal cord tumor resection is valuable in protecting the spinal nerve roots and ensuring better operation safety.