Anion Binding Interaction Enhances the Robustness of Iodide for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.

Owing to the ionic bond nature of the Pb-I bond, the iodide at the interface of perovskite polycrystalline films was easily lost during the preparation process, resulting in the formation of a large number of iodine vacancy defects. The presence of iodine vacancy defects can cause nonradiative recombination, provide a pathway for iodide migration, and be harmful to the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs). Here, in order to increase the robustness of iodides at the interface, a strategy to introduce anion binding effects was developed to stabilize the perovskite films. It was demonstrated that the N,N'-diphenylurea (DPU), characterized by high anionic binding constants and a Y-shaped structure, provides a relatively strong hydrogen bond donor site to effectively reduce the iodine loss during film preparation and inhibits iodide migration in the device working condition. As expected, the reduced iodine loss considerably improves the quality of the perovskite films and suppresses nonradiative recombination. The performance of the device after DPU modification was significantly increased, with the PCE rising from 23.65 to 25.01% with huge stability enhancement as well.

A Woman with Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome Reproductive Tract Bleeding Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital vascular disorder characterized by wine stains, abnormal tissue and bone growth, and vascular malformations. Genital involvement is uncommon. We report a case of a 12-year-old female with KTS who experienced recurrent profuse vaginal bleeding and provide a comprehensive literature review on KTS cases with genital involvement. The literature reports 7 cases, mainly in individuals aged 25 to 45, presenting with uncontrollable vaginal bleeding and anemia. Endovascular interventions were the primary treatment, although surgery was necessary in some cases. Recent studies have identified a potential association between KTS and the PIK3CA gene mutation, offering insights for pharmacological treatment.

Electrospun Scaffolds are Not Necessarily Always Made of Nanofibers as Demonstrated by Polymeric Heart Valves for Tissue Engineering.

In the last 30 years, there are ≈60 000 publications about electrospun nanofibers, but it is still unclear whether nanoscale fibers are really necessary for electrospun tissue engineering scaffolds. The present report puts forward this argument and reveals that compared with electrospun nanofibers, microfibers with diameter of ≈3 µm (named as "oligo-micro fiber") are more appropriate for tissue engineering scaffolds owing to their better cell infiltration ability caused by larger pores with available nuclear deformation. To further increase pore sizes, electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds are fabricated using latticed collectors with meshes. Fiber orientation leads to sufficient mechanical strength albeit increases porosity. The latticed scaffolds exhibit good biocompatibility and improve cell infiltration. Under aortic conditions in vitro, the performances of latticed scaffolds are satisfactory in terms of the acute systolic hemodynamic functionality, except for the higher regurgitation fraction caused by the enlarged pores. This hierarchical electrospun scaffold with sparse fibers in macropores and oligo-micro fibers in filaments provides new insights into the design of tissue engineering scaffolds, and tissue engineering may provide living heart valves with regenerative capabilities for patients with severe valve disease in the future.

To Accelerate the Process of Brain Death Determination in China Through the Strategy and Practice of Establishing Demonstration Hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to explore whether a brain death determination (BDD) strategy with demonstration hospitals can accelerate the process of BDD in China. METHODS: We proposed the construction standards for the BDD quality control demonstration hospitals (BDDHs). The quality and quantity of BDD cases were then analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 107 BDDHs were established from 2013 to 2022 covering 29 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities under jurisdiction of the central government of the Chinese mainland (except Qinghai and Tibet). A total of 1,948 professional and technical personnel from these 107 BDDHs received training in BDD, 107 quality control personnel were trained in the quality control management of BDD, and 1,293 instruments for electroencephalography, short-latency somatosensory evoked potential recordings, and transcranial Doppler imaging were provided for BDD. A total of 6,735 BDD cases were submitted to the quality control center. Among the nine quality control indicators for BDD in these cases, the implementation rate, completion rate, and coincidence rate of apnea testing increased the most, reaching 99%. CONCLUSIONS: The strategy of constructing BDDHs to promote BDD is feasible and reliable. Ensuring quality and quantity is a fundamental element for the rapid and orderly popularization of BDD in China.

Assessment of disease severity and patient prognosis in anti-GABABR encephalitis with and without comorbid tumors.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the severity of the condition and prognosis of patients with anti-gamma-aminobutyric-acid type B receptor (anti-GABABR) encephalitis with tumors. Methods: Patients with anti-GABABR encephalitis admitted to one of two hospitals from 2020 to 2022 were enrolled and divided into tumor and non-tumor groups. The clinical characteristics, condition severity, treatment options, and prognosis of the two groups of patients were compared and analyzed. Results: Eighteen patients with anti-GABABR encephalitis were included, ten of whom had tumors. The comparison of clinical characteristics showed that rates of status epilepticus and coma were significantly higher in the group with tumors (P = 0.013 and P = 0.025, respectively); the incidences of pulmonary infection, respiratory failure, hyponatremia, and hypoproteinemia were also substantially more frequent in the tumor group (P = 0.054, P = 0.036, P = 0.015, and P = 0.025, respectively). The laboratory test result comparison showed that serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were present only in the group with tumors (P = 0.036 and P = 0.092, respectively), but there was no significant difference in the occurrence of elevated CEA between the two groups. Conversely, the percentage of serum systemic autoimmune antibodies was higher in the group without tumors than in the group with tumors (P = 0.043). Patients with tumors tended to have poor outcomes (P = 0.152, OR: 7.000). Conclusion: Severe brain damage and complications occur in patients with anti-GABABR encephalitis and comorbid tumors. Early screening for serum NSE and CEA helps in the early diagnosis and treatment of tumors. The prognosis is much worse for anti-GABABR encephalitis with tumors.

Biaxial stretching of polytetrafluoroethylene in industrial scale to fabricate medical ePTFE membrane with node-fibril microstructure.

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) is promising in biomedical fields such as covered stents and plastic surgery owing to its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, ePTFE material prepared by the traditional biaxial stretching process is with thicker middle and thinner sides due to the bowing effect, which poses a major problem in industrial-scale fabrication. To solve this problem, we design an olive-shaped winding roller to provide the middle part of the ePTFE tape with a greater longitudinal stretching amplitude than the two sides, so as to make up for the excessive longitudinal retraction tendency of the middle part when it is transversely stretched. The as-fabricated ePTFE membrane has, as designed, uniform thickness and node-fibril microstructure. In addition, we examine the effects of mass ratio of lubricant to PTFE powder, biaxial stretching ratio and sintering temperature on the performance of the resultant ePTFE membranes. Particularly, the relation between the internal microstructure of the ePTFE membrane and its mechanical properties is revealed. Besides stable mechanical properties, the sintered ePTFE membrane exhibits satisfactory biological properties. We make a series of biological assessments including in vitro hemolysis, coagulation, bacterial reverse mutation and in vivo thrombosis, intracutaneous reactivity test, pyrogen test and subchronic systemic toxicity test; all of the results meet the relevant international standards. The muscle implantation of the sintered ePTFE membrane into rabbits indicates acceptable inflammatory reactions of our sintered ePTFE membrane fabricated on industrial scale. Such a medical-grade raw material with the unique physical form and condensed-state microstructure is expected to afford an inert biomaterial potentially for stent-graft membrane.

Controllable Synthesis of N2-Intercalated WO3 Nanorod Photoanode Harvesting a Wide Range of Visible Light for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation.

A highly efficient visible-light-driven photoanode, N2-intercalated tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanorod, has been controllably synthesized by using the dual role of hydrazine (N2H4), which functioned simultaneously as a structure directing agent and as a nitrogen source for N2 intercalation. The SEM results indicated that the controllable formation of WO3 nanorod by changing the amount of N2H4. The ß values of lattice parameters of the monoclinic phase and the lattice volume changed significantly with the nW: nN2H4 ratio. This is consistent with the addition of N2H4 dependence of the N content, clarifying the intercalation of N2 in the WO3 lattice. The UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) of N2-intercalated exhibited a significant redshift in the absorption edge with new shoulders appearing at 470-600 nm, which became more intense as the nW:nN2H4 ratio increased from 1:1.2 and then decreased up to 1:5 through the maximum at 1:2.5. This addition of N2H4 dependence is consistent with the case of the N contents. This suggests that N2 intercalating into the WO3 lattice is responsible for the considerable red shift in the absorption edge, with a new shoulder appearing at 470-600 nm owing to formation of an intra-bandgap above the VB edges and a dopant energy level below the CB of WO3. The N2 intercalated WO3 photoanode generated a photoanodic current under visible light irradiation below 530 nm due to the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation, compared with pure WO3 doing so below 470 nm. The high incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of the WO3-2.5 photoanode is due to efficient electron transport through the WO3 nanorod film.

Long-term simulated microgravity alters gut microbiota and metabolome in mice.

Spaceflight and microgravity has a significant impact on the immune, central nervous, bone, and muscle support and cardiovascular systems. However, limited studies are available on the adverse effects of long-term microgravity on the intestinal microbiota, metabolism, and its relationships. In this study, a ground-based simulated microgravity (SMG) mouse model was established to evaluate the impact of long-term microgravity on gut microbiota and metabolome. After 8 weeks of SMG, alterations of the intestinal microbiota and metabolites were detected using 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Compared to the control, no significant differences in α-diversity were observed at weeks 2, 4 and 8. Nevertheless, there were clear differences in community structures at different time points. The phylum Verrucomicrobia significantly declined from 2 to 8 weeks of SMG, yet the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Deferribacteres expanded remarkably at weeks 8. SMG decreased the genus of Allobaculum and increased Bacteroides significantly throughout the period of 8 weeks. Besides, Genus Akkermansia, Gracilibacter, Prevotella, Odoribacter, Rothia, Sporosarcina, Gracilibacter, Clostridium, and Mucispirillum were identified as biomarkers for SMG group. Desulfovibrio_c21_c20, Akkermansia_muciniphila, and Ruminococcus_gnavus dropped at week 2, which tend to recover at week 4, except for Akkermansia_muciniphila. Bacteroides_uniformis and Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii declined significantly, while Ruminococcus_flavefaciens and Mucispirillum_schaedleri elevated at week 8. Furthermore, intestinal metabolome analysis showed that 129 were upregulated and 146 metabolites were downregulated in SMG. Long-term SMG most affected steroid hormone biosynthesis, tryptophan, cysteine, methionine, arginine, proline metabolism, and histidine metabolism. Correlated analysis suggested that the potential beneficial taxa Allobaculum, Akkermansia, and Faecalibacterium were negatively associated with tryptophan, histidine, arginine, and proline metabolism, but positively with steroid hormone biosynthesis. Yet Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae_Clostridium, Rothia, Bilophila, and Coprococcus were positively correlated with arginine, proline, tryptophan, and histidine metabolism, while negatively associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis. These results suggest that Long-term SMG altered the community of intestinal microbiota, and then further disturbed intestinal metabolites and metabolic pathways, which have great potential to help understand and provide clues for revealing the mechanisms of long-term SMG involved diseases.

Application value of analgesia throughout labor and analgesia during the first stage of labor in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Effective analgesia is required to ensure maternal and neonatal safety. OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effects of analgesia applied throughout labor and analgesia applied during the first stage of labor in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). METHODS: In this study, 120 puerperae with PIH who gave birth in our hospital were enrolled as the study participants and were randomized into two groups (n= 60 in each group) using a coin flip. Those who received analgesia throughout labor were enrolled in the observation group, and those administered analgesia during the first stage of labor were enrolled in the control group. The analgesic effects, changes in blood pressure during labor, and neonatal health were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Differences in visual analog scale (VAS) scores before analgesia, 10 min after analgesia, and full cervical dilation between the two groups were not statistically significant (P> 0.05 in all). The VAS scores of the puerperae in the observation group during forced breathing in the second stage of labor and fetal head expulsion were lower than those in the control group (P< 0.05 for both). The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, forceps delivery, and antihypertensive treatment in the observation group was slightly lower than in the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The rate of oxytocin treatment in puerperae in the observation group was significantly lower than in the control group (P< 0.05). The differences in base excess, arterial partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and pH between the two groups of newborns were not statistically significant (P> 0.05 for all). Differences in changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups of puerperae were not statistically significant (P> 0.05 for both). Eclampsia did not occur during labor in either group. CONCLUSION: For patients with PIH, the application of analgesia throughout labor had a positive analgesic effect, effectively controlling the changes in blood pressure and ensuring the health of newborns. This is worthy of widespread clinical application.

Photocatalytic degradation of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachate by heterostructural ZnO-rGO composite catalysts.

The dissolved organic matter (DOM) in landfill pollutes not only the landfill and surroundings, but also the environment far away from the landfill by infiltrating into the soil and/or flowing on the ground surface. Developing an efficient photocatalyst to degrade DOM is an interesting topic. Herein, the catalysts composed of ZnO and reduced graphene oxide (ZnO-rGO) with different morphologies were fabricated with a two-step hydrothermal method. The phase composite and microstructure were analyzed, and the degradation efficiency of the DOM under ultraviolet light was investigated. Three kinds of ZnO-rGO composite catalysts with different morphologies were successfully synthesized, and rGO was coated on the ZnO surface to form heterostructural composite catalysts. The catalyst powders have similar Raman and FT-IR spectra, but have different specific surface areas and band gaps. The degradation efficiency of DOM by ZnO-rGO composites is higher than that of pure ZnO powder. Compared to pure ZnO, ZnO-rGO composite catalysts contain more oxygen vacancies and a narrower band gap, and the heterostructure is beneficial for accelerating electron separation, inhibiting electron recombination.

A Multifunctional Polymer as an Interfacial Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Metal-cation defects and halogen-anion defects in perovskite films are critical to the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a random polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-acrylamide) (PMMA-AM), was synthesized to serve as an interfacial passivation layer for synergistically passivating the under-coordinated Pb2+ and anchor the I- of the [PbI6 ]4- octahedron. Additionally, the interfacial PMMA-AM passivation layer cannot be destroyed during the hole transport layer deposition because of its low solubility in chlorobenzene. This passivation leads to an enhancement in the open-circuit voltage from 1.12 to 1.22 V and improved stability in solar cell devices, with the device maintaining 95 % of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 1000 h of maximum power point tracking. Additionally, a large-area solar cell module was fabricated using this approach, achieving a PCE of 20.64 %.

Highly Cyclic Stability and Absorbent Activity of Carbide Slag Doped with MgO and ZnO for Thermochemical Energy Storage.

Carbide slag is a solid waste with a high content of reactive CaO, which can be used as an active material for the chemical absorption of CO2 and calcium looping. Calcium looping of CaO-based absorbents is one of the most promising methods of thermochemical energy storage. However, the sintering of pores and a reduction in the CO2 diffusion rates as the carbonization/calcination cyclic reaction progresses have posed challenges to the practical application of CaO-based absorbents. This study proposes a method for alleviating the sintering of the pore structure by improving the activity and cycling stability of such absorbents by doping carbide slag with MgO and ZnO powders. Results showed that the raw material ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time have a considerable influence on the CO2 absorption rate. Furthermore, the specific surface area and pore volume of the absorbents increased with increasing ZnO and MgO doping levels in the carbide slag. Thus, the problems of sintering and clogging of pores in CaO-based absorbents were effectively alleviated, and the MgO and ZnO-doped absorbents CMZ85 and CMZ90 maintained 41-42% CO2 absorption after 10 cycles. These results confirmed that the cyclic stability and absorbent activity improved significantly with the MgO and ZnO doping of carbide slag for the calcium looping process.

Research and clinical translation of trilayer stent-graft of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene for interventional treatment of aortic dissection.

The aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening disease. The transcatheter endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) affords a minimally invasive technique to save the lives of these critical patients, and an appropriate stent-graft gets to be the key medical device during an EVAR procedure. Herein, we report a trilayer stent-graft and corresponding delivery system used for the treatment of the AD disease. The stent-graft is made of nitinol stents with an asymmetric Z-wave design and two expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes. Each of the inner and outer surfaces of the stent-graft was covered by an ePTFE membrane, and the two membranes were then sintered together. The biological studies of the sintered ePTFE membranes indicated that the stent-graft had excellent cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility in vitro. Both the stent-graft and the delivery system exhibited satisfactory mechanical properties and operability. The safety and efficacy of this stent-graft and the corresponding delivery system were demonstrated in vivo. In nine canine experiments, the blood vessels of the animals implanted with the stent-grafts were of good patency, and there were no thrombus and obvious stenosis by angiography after implantation for 6 months. Furthermore, all of the nine clinical cases experienced successful implantation using the stent-graft and its postrelease delivery system, and the 1-year follow-ups indicated the preliminary safety and efficacy of the trilayer stent-graft with an asymmetric Z-wave design for interventional treatment.

Ammonia for post-healing of formamidinium-based Perovskite films.

Solvents employed for perovskite film fabrication not only play important roles in dissolving the precursors but also participate in crystallization process. High boiling point aprotic solvents with O-donor ligands have been extensively studied, but the formation of a highly uniform halide perovskite film still requires the participation of additives or an additional step to accelerate the nucleation rate. The volatile aliphatic methylamine with both coordinating ligands and hydrogen protons as solvent or post-healing gas facilitates the process of methylamine-based perovskite films with high crystallinity, few defects, and easy large-scale fabrication as well. However, the attempt in formamidinium-containing perovskites is challenged heretofore. Here, we reveal that the degradation of formamidinium-containing perovskites in aliphatic amines environment results from the transimination reaction of formamidinium cation and aliphatic amines along with the formation of ammonia. Based on this mechanism, ammonia is selected as a post-healing gas for a highly uniform, compact formamidinium-based perovskite films. In particular, low temperature is proved to be crucial to enable formamidinium-based perovskite materials to absorb enough ammonia molecules and form a liquid intermediate state which is the key to eliminating voids in raw films. As a result, the champion perovskite solar cell based on ammonia post-healing achieves a power conversion efficiency of 23.21% with excellent reproducibility. Especially the module power conversion efficiency with 14 cm2 active area is over 20%. This ammonia post-healing treatment potentially makes it easier to upscale fabrication of highly efficient formamidinium-based devices.

Imaging moiety-directed co-assembly for biodegradation control with synchronous four-modal biotracking.

The complexity of existing methods for biodegradation control limits the multi-functionality of biomedical materials. It is urgent to develop simple and straightforward strategies to control the biodegradation rate with precise tracking of various parameters in real-time. Here, we show an imaging moiety-directed co-assembly strategy, in which different imaging moieties bearing non-covalent interaction sites are covalently introduced into the poly (D,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) chain as end groups, followed by alternate non-covalent interactions with polymer chains upon compression molding. This strategy takes advantage of a variety of bonding types (including CH-π, CH-F, etc.) to firmly integrate the PDLLA chains and strongly control the biodegradation rate, making the amorphous prototype degraded much slower than higher-molecular-weight counterparts, and the local inflammatory response is insignificant. On this basis, a synchronous four-modal (X-ray computed tomography + fluorescence + photoacoustics + ultrasound) imaging was achieved on the single entity in vivo, even within a millimeter-scale thick-skin tissue. These imaging signals can precisely correlate the multi parameter variation trend of material mass, volume and molecular weight, signifying that co-assembly can be utilized to develop advanced theranostic systems. SINGLE SENTENCE SUMMARY: We developed an imaging moiety-directed co-assembly strategy to control the biodegradation rate and achieve the synchronization of real-time four-modal imaging in vivo. These imaging signals can precisely correlate the multi-parameter variation trend of material mass, volume and molecular weight, which provided comprehensive biomedical information accessing both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Synthesis and characterization of TiO2/ZnO heterostructural composite for ultraviolet photocatalytic degrading DOM in landfill leachate.

In order to investigate the photocatalytic degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in landfill leachate, TiO2/ZnO heterostructural composite powders were fabricated combining with hydrothermal synthesis and solid-state reaction method. The prepared TiO2/ZnO composite powders consist of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles distributing on the surface of wurtzite ZnO particles. The optical band gap of TiO2/ZnO powder is less than that of pure ZnO or TiO2 powder. TiO2/ZnO catalyzers show high ultraviolet-degradation efficiency for methylene blue and dissolved organic matter. The degradation rate of TiO2/ZnO powder for fulvic acid-like substances in landfill leachate is 2.99 times that of pure ZnO powder, and is 1.30 times that of pure TiO2 powder. The degradation of fulvic acid-like substances by TiO2/ZnO photocatalyst reduced some molecular weight of benzene ring structure substances in leachate. The effective separation of electron and hole in heterostructural TiO2/ZnO photocatalyst is the main reason for its high photocatalytic degradation efficiency of DOM in landfill leachate.

Fabrication of an Efficient N, S Co-Doped WO3 Operated in Wide-Range of Visible-Light for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation.

In this work, a highly efficient wide-visible-light-driven photoanode, namely, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped tungsten trioxide (S-N-WO3), was synthesized using tungstic acid (H2WO4) as W source and ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2S), which functioned simultaneously as a sulfur source and as a nitrogen source for the co-doping of nitrogen and sulfur. The EDS and XPS results indicated that the controllable formation of either N-doped WO3 (N-WO3) or S-N-WO3 by changing the nW:n(NH4)2S ratio below or above 1:5. Both N and S contents increased when increasing the nW:n(NH4)2S ratio from 1:0 to 1:15 and thereafter decreased up to 1:25. The UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) of S-N-WO3 exhibited a significant redshift of the absorption edge with new shoulders appearing at 470-650 nm, which became more intense as the nW:n(NH4)2S ratio increased from 1:5 and then decreased up to 1:25, with the maximum at 1:15. The values of nW:n(NH4)2S ratio dependence is consistent with the cases of the S and N contents. This suggests that S and N co-doped into the WO3 lattice are responsible for the considerable redshift in the absorption edge, with a new shoulder appearing at 470-650 nm owing to the intrabandgap formation above the valence band (VB) edge and a dopant energy level below the conduction band (CB) of WO3. Therefore, benefiting from the S and N co-doping, the S-N-WO3 photoanode generated a photoanodic current under visible light irradiation below 580 nm due to the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation, compared with pure WO3 doing so below 470 nm.

Atomically Resolved Electrically Active Intragrain Interfaces in Perovskite Semiconductors.

Deciphering the atomic and electronic structures of interfaces is key to developing state-of-the-art perovskite semiconductors. However, conventional characterization techniques have limited previous studies mainly to grain-boundary interfaces, whereas the intragrain-interface microstructures and their electronic properties have been much less revealed. Herein using scanning transmission electron microscopy, we resolved the atomic-scale structural information on three prototypical intragrain interfaces, unraveling intriguing features clearly different from those from previous observations based on standalone films or nanomaterial samples. These intragrain interfaces include composition boundaries formed by heterogeneous ion distribution, stacking faults resulted from wrongly stacked crystal planes, and symmetrical twinning boundaries. The atomic-scale imaging of these intragrain interfaces enables us to build unequivocal models for the ab initio calculation of electronic properties. Our results suggest that these structure interfaces are generally electronically benign, whereas their dynamic interaction with point defects can still evoke detrimental effects. This work paves the way toward a more complete fundamental understanding of the microscopic structure-property-performance relationship in metal halide perovskites.

Polyacrylonitrile-Coordinated Perovskite Solar Cell with Open-Circuit Voltage Exceeding 1.23†V.

In solution-processed organic-inorganic halide perovskite films, halide-anion related defects including halide vacancies and interstitial defects can easily form at the surfaces and grain boundaries. The uncoordinated lead cations produce defect levels within the band gap, and the excess iodides disturb the interfacial carrier transport. Thus these defects lead to severe nonradiative recombination, hysteresis, and large energy loss in the device. Herein, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was introduced to passivate the uncoordinated lead cations in the perovskite films. The coordinating ability of cyano group was found to be stronger than that of the normally used carbonyl groups, and the strong coordination could reduce the I/Pb ratio at the film surface. With the PAN perovskite film, the device efficiency improved from 21.58 % to 23.71 % and the open-circuit voltage from 1.12 V to 1.23 V, the ion migration activation energy increased, and operational stability improved.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-aniline quinazoline derivatives conjugated with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors as potent EGFR inhibitors against L858R resistance mutation.

In this study, a series of 4-aniline quinazoline derivatives bearing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors were designed, synthesized and evaluated for biological activities. The synthesized compounds were screened for the enzymatic activities against EGFR and EGFR mutants by kinase target-based cell screening method. The results demonstrate that most compounds exhibit selectively inhibitory activities against TEL-EGFR-L858R-BaF3, especially compound 9h with GI50 = 0.008 µM (TEL-EGFR-L858R-BaF3), 0.0069 µM (TEL-EGFR-C797S-BaF3), >10 µM (BaF3), >10 µM (TEL-EGFR-BaF3) and 6.03 µM (TEL-EGFR-T790M-L858R-BaF3). The results from anti-proliferative assays in two NSCLC cell lines indicate that synthetic derivatives (9g, 9h, 15e and 15f) with H2S donor ACS81 display greater anti-proliferative potency against NSCLC cell line H3255 bearing EGFR mutant (L858R) with GI50 values ranging from 0.3486 to 1.348 µM. In addition, compound 9h exhibits weak anti-proliferative effects on other tumor cells (HepG2, MCF-7, HT-29 and A431) and has lower toxic effect on HUVEC cells than AZD9291 (positive control). Meanwhile, compound 9h inhibits the phosphorylation of EGFR in H3255 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis reveals that compound 9h suppresses the proliferation of cells by inducing cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase. The result of H2S release evaluation suggests that the H2S release of compound 9h is significantly more and faster than other compounds.