Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/secondary , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Aged , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/drug therapy , Cetuximab , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Humans , Leucovorin/administration & dosage , Male , Organoplatinum Compounds/administration & dosage , Oxaliplatin , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Radiography , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Identify candidate SEBs (surrogate endpoint biomarkers) for premalignant trends in head and neck mucosa. STUDY DESIGN: Study, by qPCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), the expression of COX-2, EGFR and p53 in 24 biopsies of non-dysplastic oral leukoplakia and contra-lateral normal-appearing mucosa. RESULTS: COX-2 was up-regulated in leukoplakia (79.2%); whereas EGFR and p53 were up-regulated (p>0.05) in oral contra-lateral normal-appearing mucosa (60% and 46% respectively). Also, p53 expression was correlated with tobacco smoke habits and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed a positive linear correlation between p53 and EGFR mRNA expression levels. CONCLUSIONS: COX-2 would serve as SEB of oral leukoplakia. The results suggest that p53 appears to be one of the molecular targets of tobacco-related carcinogens in leukoplakia and that the co-expression of p53 and EGFR may play a role in this kind of oral pre-cancerous lesion. More detailed studies of EGFR and p53 should be continued in the future.
Subject(s)
Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , Leukoplakia, Oral/metabolism , Leukoplakia, Oral/pathology , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/metabolism , Biopsy , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Leukoplakia, Oral/genetics , Male , Middle Aged , Mouth Mucosa/chemistry , Mouth Mucosa/metabolism , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/geneticsABSTRACT
Metastases of malignancies to the parotid region are relatively infrequent (21%-42% of all malignant tumors 1 ), but metastases of infraclavicular origin are infrequent (0.16%-4% 1,2 ). From 1986 to 1998, only 17 cases of parotid metastases of renal clear cell carcinoma were documented in the literature reviewed. In this paper we report a case of a patient with a parotid tumor which was the first manifestation of distant disease. It was only once the tumor was surgically removed that the histopathology allowed the diagnosis of the primary tumor; namely a renal clear cell adenocarcinoma.