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1.
Metas enferm ; 27(1): 68-75, Febr. 2024.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-230209

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir las características de la resiliencia y su asociación con el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes residentes en la zona este de Tijuana, frontera norte de México. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal cuya población fueron 7.611 adolescentes de 11 a 16 años escolarizados de la ciudad de Tijuana, Baja California. Se estimó una muestra de 663 participantes seleccionados mediante muestreo por conglomerados. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, de historia de consumo de tabaco y alcohol y la resiliencia (ER-14) (mín. 14 a máx. 98 p; muy baja, baja, normal, alta o muy alta). Se realizó estadística descriptiva, bivariante y modelos de regresión logística ajustados por sexo para la variable “consumo de alcohol o tabaco”. Resultados: participaron 710 adolescentes (50,7% mujeres). El 46% había consumido alcohol o tabaco en algún momento de su vida y el 27,1% en el último año (mujeres 31,5%; hombres 23,3%; p= 0,005). El 29% mostró alta resiliencia y el 25,5% muy alta resiliencia. Se obtuvo con más frecuencia alta puntuación en las afirmaciones: soy alguien en quien se puede confiar en emergencias (42,5%), siento orgullo de mis logros (41,3%), la vida tiene sentido (33,1%). Se encontró un efecto negativo de la resiliencia sobre el consumo de alcohol o tabaco alguna vez en la vida (ORa= 0,984; IC95% [0,978-0,990]) y en el último año (ORa= 0,987; IC95% [0,981-0,994]). Conclusión: a mayor resiliencia menor fue la probabilidad de consumo de alcohol o tabaco alguna vez en la vida y en el último año. Intervenciones futuras deben considerar estos resultados.(AU)


Objective: to describe the characteristics of resilience and its association with the use of alcohol and tobacco among adolescents living in Eastern Tijuana, in the Northern border of Mexico. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study on a population of 7,611 adolescents from 11 to 16 years old, attending school in the city of Tijuana, Baja California. The sample was estimated in 633 participants, selected through cluster sampling. Sociodemographic variables were collected, their history of use of tobacco and alcohol, as well as resilience (RS-14) (minimum 14 to maximum 98 scores; very low, low, normal, high or very high). Descriptive bivariate statistics were used, as well as logistical regression models adjusted by gender for the “use of alcohol of tobacco” variable. Results: the study included 710 adolescents (50.7% were female); 46% of them had used alcohol or tobacco at some point in their lives, and 27.1% during the past year (31.5% female; 23.3% male; p= 0.005); 29% showed high resilience and 25.5% showed very high resilience. The most frequently obtained high scores were for the statements: I am someone who can be trusted in emergencies (42.5%), I feel proud of my achievements (41.3%), and Life makes sense (33.1%). A negative effect of resilience was found on alcohol and tobacco use at some point in life (ORa= 0.984; CI95% [0.978-0.990]) and during the past year (ORa= 0.987; CI95% [0.981-0.994]). Conclusion: the higher the resilience, the lower the likelihood of using alcohol or tobacco at some point in life and during the last year. Future interventions should consider these results.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Resilience, Psychological , Underage Drinking , Tobacco Use , Mexico , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 972023 Nov 27.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38031984

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The effect of smoke-free spaces on the use of electronic cigarettes has not been empirically demonstrated. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the influence of smoke-free and vape policies on the use of electronic cigarettes in young adults and adults. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out according to PRISMA criteria in the Web of Science, PubMed and SCOPUS databases. Keywords used were: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Smoke-Free Policy, Young Adult and Adult. We included studies that analyzed the use of electronic cigarettes in smoke-free spaces in adults aged fifteen years and older. The search was conducted from January 2010 to March 2022. Risk of bias was analyzed with the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool. RESULTS: The search identified 861 records. A total of 840 records were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The final sample included ten studies on smoke-free spaces, six studies on vape-free spaces and five studies on smoke-free spaces and vape-free spaces. The main risk of bias in the studies was the sampling and measurements used. Most studies associate the use of electronic cigarettes and smoke-free spaces. CONCLUSIONS: Studies suggest that the use of electronic cigarettes and smoke-free spaces and vape are associated. Studies with higher quality of evidence and simultaneous implementation of smoke-free and vape-free spaces are required.


OBJETIVO: El efecto de los espacios libres de humo en el uso de cigarros electrónicos no ha sido demostrado empíricamente. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue evaluar la influencia de las políticas de espacios libres de humo y vapeo en el uso de cigarros electrónicos en adultos jóvenes y adultos. METODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática según los criterios PRISMA en las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed y SCOPUS. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Smoke-Free Policy, Young Adult y Adult. Se incluyeron estudios que analizaron el uso de cigarros electrónicos en los espacios libres de humo en adultos de quince años o más. La búsqueda se realizó entre enero de 2010 a marzo de 2022. El riesgo de sesgo se analizó con la Herramienta de Evaluación de Métodos Mixtos. RESULTADOS: La búsqueda identificó 861 registros. Se excluyeron 840 registros por no cubrir los criterios de inclusión. La muestra final incluyó diez estudios sobre espacios libres de humo, seis estudios sobre espacios libres de vapeo y cinco estudios sobre espacios libres de humo/vapeo. El principal riesgo de sesgo en los estudios fue el muestro y las mediciones utilizadas. La mayoría de los estudios asocian el uso de cigarro electrónico y los espacios libres de humo. CONCLUSIONES: Los estudios sugieren que el uso de cigarros electrónicos y los espacios libres de humo y vapeo están asociados. Se requieren estudios con mayor calidad de la evidencia y la aplicación simultanea de los espacios libres de humo/vapeo.


Subject(s)
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems , Young Adult , Humans , Spain
3.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 21(3): [1-14], 20230901.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1510557

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la influencia o presión de pares que fuman es uno de los principales factores por los que los estudiantes universitarios inician el consumo del cigarro convencional; sin embargo, no se ha encontrado un instrumento que evalúe este fenómeno. Por lo tanto, el objetivo fue adaptar y validar la Escala de Resistencia a la Presión de Pares para el Consumo de Cigarro Convencional. Materiales y métodos: participaron 237 estudiantes universitarios del estado de Nuevo León (México), de 18 a 24 años. Se realizó análisis factorial exploratorio, análisis de confiabilidad, correlación de Spearman y prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: el 63.3 % de los estudiantes fueron mujeres y la media de edad fue de 19.66 años. Se identificaron dos factores con un total de 13 ítems. Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0.81. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los distintos tipos de consumidores de cigarro convencional y los puntajes de la escala de resistencia a la presión de pares (H[4] = 23.85; p < 0.001). Conclusiones: la nueva versión de la Escala de Resistencia a la Presión de Pares para el Consumo de Cigarro Convencional evidenció adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para evaluar la presión que ejercen los pares en estudiantes universitarios para el consumo de cigarro convencional


Introduction: Influence or peer pressure is one of the leading factors in developing cigarette smoking habits in university students; however, no effective strategy to assess this phenomenon has been developed yet. This study aimed to adapt and validate the peer pressure resistance scale to conventional cigarette consumption. Materials and methods: A total of 237 university students from the Nuevo León State (Mexico), aged 18­24 years, were enrolled. Exploratory factor and reliability analyses, the Spearman correlation, and the Kruskal­Wallis test were performed. Results: 63.3% of the students were women, and the mean age was 19.66 years. The exploratory analysis extracted two factors with a total of 13 items. A Cronbach's Alpha of 0.81 was found. Statistically significant differences were found between the different types of conventional cigarette users and peer pressure resistance scale scores [H(4) = 23.85; p < .001] were found. Conclusions: The peer pressure resistance scale showed appropriate psychometric properties for assessing the peer pressure to smoke conventional cigarettes in university students.


Introdução: a influência ou pressão dos pares que fumam é um dos principais fatores que levam os universitários a começarem a fumar cigarros convencionais, porém não foi encontrado nenhum instrumento para avaliar esse fenômeno. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi adaptar e validar a escala de resistência à pressão dos pares para o consumo de cigarro convencional. Materiais e métodos: participaram 237 estudantes universitários do estado de Nuevo León, México, de 18 a 24 anos. Foram realizadas análise fatorial exploratória, análise de confiabilidade, correlação de Spearman e teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: 63,3% dos alunos eram mulheres e a média de idade foi de 19,66 anos. Dois fatores foram identificados com um total de 13 itens. Obteve-se um alfa de Cronbach de 0,81. Diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram encontradas entre os diferentes tipos de usuários de cigarros convencionais e as pontuações na escala de resistência à pressão dos pares (H(4) = 23,85; p < 0,001). Conclusões: a nova versão da escala de resistência à pressão dos pares para o consumo de cigarros convencionais apresentou propriedades psicométricas adequadas para avaliar a pressão exercida pelos pares sobre os universitários para o consumo de cigarros convencionais


Subject(s)
Humans
4.
Horiz. sanitario (en linea) ; 22(2): 393-399, may.-ago. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534550

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Conocer la relación de la inteligencia emocional (IE), satisfacción laboral y consumo de alcohol en el personal de enfermería que labora en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. La muestra fue de 129 profesionales de enfermería que laboran en un hospital de tercer nivel, divididos en áreas críticas y no críticas. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron una Cédula de Datos Socio-demográficos, Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24), Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral S10/12 y AUDIT. Resultados: El 75% fueron mujeres, con estudios de licenciatura, más del 45% consumieron alcohol en la última semana. Se encontró que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre la inteligencia emocional y la satisfacción laboral (rs = .236, p < .001), también se encontró relación negativa y ssignificativa entre la satisfacción laboral y el consumo de alcohol (rs = -.195, p < .05). Conclusiones: Se muestran diferencias entre la IE, la satisfacción laboral y el consumo de alcohol en el personal de enfermería de acuerdo con el área en la que labora. Así mismo se observa la relación positiva entre la IE y la satisfacción llaboral, además de relación negativa entre satisfacción laboral y consumo de alcohol. Este estudio manifiesta la importancia de conocer a profundidad que factores impactan el cuidado que proporciona el personal de enfermería dentro de los servicios hospitalarios y cuáles son los métodos que utilizan para afrontarlos.


Abstract Objective: To know the relationship between emotional intelligence, job satisfaction and alcohol consumption in nursing staff working in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study. The sample consisted of 129 nursing professionals who work in a third level hospital, divided into critical and non-critical areas. The instruments used were a Socio-demographic Data Sheet, Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24), Job Satisfaction Questionnaire S10/12 and AUDIT. Results: 75% were women, with undergraduate studies, more than 45% consumed in the last week. It was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction (rs = .236, p < .001), a negative and significant relationship was also found between job satisfaction and alcohol consumption (rs = -.195, p < .05). Conclusions: Differences are shown between EI, job satisfaction and alcohol consumption in nursing staff according to the area in which they work. Likewise, there is a positive relationship between EI and job satisfaction and a negative relationship between job satisfaction and alcohol consumption. This study demonstrates the importance of knowing in depth what factors impact the care provided by nursing staff within hospital services and what are the methods used to deal with them.

5.
Horiz. sanitario (en linea) ; 22(1): 97-106, Jan.-Apr. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528693

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre los Eventos Estresantes de la Vida y el consumo de alcohol en los Adultos Mayores. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, en 39 participantes de Santa Catarina, Nuevo León, México. Se aplicó una Cédula de Datos Personales, el Inventario de Estrés en la Vida de Adultos Mayores y el Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test-Versión Geriatric. Resultados: El 82.1% de los participantes pertenece al sexo femenino, existieron diferencias en las medias del puntaje del consumo de alcohol de acuerdo con el sexo (U = 70.00; p < 0.05). Los eventos que se relacionaron con el consumo de alcohol fueron la muerte de un hijo(a) (rs =.393, p = .013), el deterioro del estado financiero (rs =.342, p =.033), el cambiarse a una casa menos cómoda (rs =.560, p= .001 y la pérdida de un amigo(a) rs =.409, p = .010). Conclusiones: Los eventos estresantes pueden impactar de forma negativa al AM e influir en el consumo de alcohol como una estrategia de afrontamiento.


Abstract Objective: Determine the relationship between stressful life events and alcohol consumption in elders. Materials and methods: Correlational descriptive study, in 39 participants from Santa Catarina, Nuevo León, Mexico. A personal data record, the Stress Inventory in the Life of Older Adults and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test-Geriatric Version were applied. Results: 82.1% of participants were females, there were differences in the means of the alcohol consumption score according to sex (U = 70.00, p < 0.05). The events that were related to alcohol consumption were the death of a son (rs = .393, p = .013), the deterioration of the financial state (rs = .342, p = .033), the change to a less comfortable house (rs = .560, p = .000) and the loss of a friend rs = .409, p = .010). Conclusions: Stressful events can negatively impact AM and influence alcohol consumption as a coping strategy.

6.
J Addict Nurs ; 34(1): 16-22, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36857544

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prior research shows a link between alcohol use and problematic Internet use among adolescents. This relationship likely indicates a vulnerability to addiction; however, little is known about factors that may increase this vulnerability. One potential factor is social motivation. Adolescents often engage in Internet use and alcohol use as a way of connecting socially. This study examines the moderating effects of social motivation for Internet use on the relationship between problematic Internet use and alcohol use among adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 582 adolescents selected randomly from one middle school and one high school in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Participants answered questions related to demographics/background (including reasons for Internet use), problematic Internet use, and alcohol use. Hierarchical regression modeling examined the moderating effects of social Internet use on problematic Internet use and alcohol use, controlling for age and gender. RESULTS: Social Internet use and problematic Internet use accounted for a significant amount of variance in alcohol use (R2 = .126, F(4, 575) = 20.77, p < .001). When the interaction term was entered, social Internet use was found to moderate the relationship between problematic Internet use and alcohol use (ß = .525, t = 3.293, p = .001), and the direct effects of social Internet use (ß = -.062, t = -0.663, p = .507) and problematic Internet use (ß = -.129, t = -1.053, p = .293) were no longer significant. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the role that social connections may play in contributing to problematic Internet use and alcohol use among adolescents. Interventions aimed at preventing problematic and addictive behaviors among adolescents should address the role of social motivations.


Subject(s)
Internet Use , Motivation , Humans , Adolescent , Mexico , Cross-Sectional Studies , Alcohol Drinking
7.
Enferm. glob ; 21(68): 1-12, Oct. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-210000

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El consumo de alcohol conlleva una pesada carga social y económica para la sociedad, para el gobierno, para la salud global, y para los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: Determinar la relación y efecto de la dinámica familiar y el clima social del centro escolar con el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio con diseño descriptivo, correlacional y predictivo, con una muestra de 367 estudiantes universitarios de una universidad del estado de Tabasco, México, seleccionados por un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio estratificado. El 63.2% fueron mujeres, con una media de edad de 21.6 años (DE=2.82). Se utilizó una Cédula de Datos Personales y de Prevalencia de Consumo de Alcohol, el Apgar Familiar, Cuestionario para Evaluar el Clima Social dentro del Centro Escolar y el AUDIT. Se apegó a lo dispuesto en el Reglamento de la Ley General de Salud en materia de Investigación. Resultados: La dinámica familiar y el clima social escolar se relacionaron negativa y significativamente con el consumo de alcohol y con los tres tipos de consumo, de bajo riesgo, dependiente y perjudicial. Se identificó que la dinámica familiar (B= -.040, p<.05) y el clima social escolar (B= -.096, p<.001) son predictores del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Conclusión: La dinámica familiar y el clima sociales escolar al ser predictores del consumo de alcohol pueden ayudar a prevenir esta conducta nociva en los jóvenes universitarios. Estos resultados pueden contribuir a la inclusión de estas variables para la comprensión de la conducta del consumo de alcohol. (AU)


Introduction: Alcohol consumption carries a heavy social and economic burden on society, government, overall health, and health systems. Objective: Determine the relationship and effect of family dynamics and school social environment on alcohol consumption in young university students. Methodology: This was a descriptive, correlational and predictive study with a sample of 367 undergraduate students from a university in the state of Tabasco, Mexico, selected by stratified random probability sampling. The 63.2% were women, with a mean age of 21.6 years (SD=2.82). A Personal Identity Card and Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption Questionnaire, the Family Apgar, the Questionnaire to Evaluate the Social Environment within the School and the AUDIT were used. The study complied with the provisions of the Regulations of the General Health Law on Research. Results: Family dynamics and school social environment were negatively and significantly related to alcohol consumption and to the three types of consumption: low-risk, dependent and harmful. Family dynamics (B= -.040, p<.05) and school social environment (B= -.096, p<.001) were identified as predictors of alcohol consumption in university young people. Conclusion: Family dynamics and school social environment as predictors of alcohol consumption may help to prevent this harmful behavior in young university students. These results can contribute to the inclusion of these variables in the understanding of alcohol consumption behavior. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Alcohol Drinking in College , Social Environment , Family Relations , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Surveys and Questionnaires , Mexico
8.
J. Health NPEPS ; 7(1): 1-15, Jan-Jun, 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing, Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-1380556

ABSTRACT

Objetivo:identificar la relación que existe de las actitudes de los profesionales de salud hacia el paciente que consume alcohol y el consumo de alcoholde estos. Método: el diseño del estudio fue descriptivo y correlacional, el muestreo fue estratificado con asignación proporcional al tamaño del estrato, se estimó una muestra de 249 participantes de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México en el año 2021. Se empleoestadística no paramétrica. Resultados: se documentaron relación positiva y significativa de las actitudes hacia el paciente que consume alcohol y el consumo de alcohol (= .199, p<.05). Se reportó relación positiva y significativa en el consumo sensato y las actitudes (= .215, p<.01) y con la subescala satisfacción en el trabajo (= .209, p<.05). Se identificaron diferencias significativas en las actitudes hacia el paciente que consume alcohol y la prevalencia global, lápsica, actual e instantánea (p<.05), reportando medianas más altas el personal que consumió alcohol en comparación del personal que no consumió alcohol. Conclusión:los participantes que consumían alcohol reportaron actitudes más positivas hacia los pacientes que consumían alcohol que otros profesionales que no consumían alcohol.


Objective:to identify the relationship between the attitudes of health professionals towards the patient who consumes alcohol and their alcohol consumption. Method:the study design was descriptive and correlational, the sampling was stratified with allocation proportional to the size of the stratum, a sample of 249 participants was estimated fromMonterrey, Nuevo León, México in 2021. were used Non-parametric statistics. Method:the study design was descriptive and correlational, the sampling was stratified with allocation proportional to the size of the stratum, a sample of 249 participants was estimated. Results:positive and significant relationship between attitudes towards the patient who consumes alcohol and alcohol consumption were documented (= .199, p <.05).A positive and significant relationship was reported a sensible drinking and attitudes (rs= .215, p<.01) and with the job satisfaction subscale (rs= .209, p<.05). Significant differences were identified in the attitudes towards the patient who consumes alcohol and the global, lapse, current and instantaneous prevalence (p<.05), with higher medians being reported by the personnel who consumed alcohol compared to the personnel who did not consume alcohol. Conclusion:participants who consumed alcohol reported more positive attitudes towards patients who consume alcohol than other professionals who did not consume alcohol.


Objetivo:identificar a relação entre as atitudes dos profissionais de saúde em relação ao paciente que consome álcool e seu consumo de álcool. Método:o desenho do estudo foi descritivo e correlacional, a amostragem foi estratificada com alocação proporcional ao tamanho do estrato, estimou-se uma amostra de 249 participantes de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México no ano de 2021. Estatísticas não paramétricas foram usadas.Resultados:foi documentada uma relação positiva e significativa entre as atitudes em relação ao paciente que consome álcool e o consumo de álcool (rs= 0.199, p<0.05). Uma relação positiva e significativa foi relatada no consumo sensível e atitudes (rs= .215, p<.01) e com a subescala de satisfação no trabalho (rs= .209, p<.05). Diferenças significativas foram identificadas nas atitudes em relação ao paciente que consome álcool e a prevalência global, de lapso, atual e instantânea (p<0.05), relatando medianas mais altas a equipe que consumia álcool em comparação com a equipe que não consumia álcool. Conclusão:os participantes que consumiam álcool relataram atitudes mais positivas em relação ao paciente que consome álcool do que os demais profissionais que não consomiam álcool.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking , Attitude , Health Personnel
9.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 49(3)jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388611

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La desnutrición hospitalaria es un proceso multicausal y de alta prevalencia. La intervención nutricional temprana mejora el pronóstico de los pacientes afectados y reduce los costos sanitarios. Objetivo: Estimar la diferencia de costo efectividad de la atención de rutina comparado con la intervención nutricional temprana, en pacientes en riesgo nutricional, en un Hospital Universitario de alta complejidad entre marzo y octubre de 2012. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de evaluación económica en 165 pacientes adultos hospitalizados de especialidades médicas y quirúrgicas. Se tomó como referencia la información de un estudio de intervención cuasi experimental realizado en el año 2012. Se estratificaran los pacientes de acuerdo a días de estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones y estado nutricional según grupo de intervención y se obtuvieron los costos sanitarios. Resultados: La mediana en el costo por paciente con complicaciones fue de US$ 3.950 en el grupo de intervención nutricional temprana comparado con US$ 5.301 por la atención de rutina; para la estancia hospitalaria fue de US$ 2.462 vs US$ 4.201 y para los recursos derivados de optimización del peso fue de US$ 3.627 vs US$ 5.132 respectivamente. Conclusión: La intervención nutricional temprana en los pacientes en riesgo nutricional, disminuyó los costos derivados de complicaciones, estancia hospitalaria y optimización del estado nutricional.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Hospital malnutrition is a highly prevalent process with multiple causes. Early nutritional intervention improves the prognosis of affected patients and reduces health costs. Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of routine care compared with early nutritional intervention, in patients at nutritional risk, in a high complexity university hospital between March and October 2012. Materials and methods: Economic evaluation study in 165 adult hospitalized medical and surgical specialty patients. The information from a quasi-experimental intervention study conducted in 2012 was taken as a reference. Patients were stratified by intervention group according to days of hospital stay, complications and nutritional status; health costs were also obtained. Results: For the early nutritional intervention group compared to routine care, the median cost per patient with complications was US$ 3,950 vs US$ 5,301; US$ 2,462 vs US$ 4,201 for hospital stay and US$ 3,627 vs US$ 5,132 for resources derived from weight optimization, respectively. Conclusion: The early nutritional intervention in patients at nutritional risk, decreased the costs derived from complications, hospital stay, and optimization of nutritional status.

10.
Cir Cir ; 90(3): 303-309, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35636934

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the results of minimum access surgery in comparison with conventional surgery, especially in relation to post-operative (PO) mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was retrospective observational study, employing regressions, and bivariate correlations in the statistical analysis. A total of 114 patients over 65 years of age referred to cardiac surgery: 57 subjects in the minimum access group and 57 subjects in the sternotomy group. The main variables of interest were: demographic variables, PO course, mainly mortality, as well as duration of admission to critical care and total admission time. RESULTS: The mean age was 73.11 years, with 52.6% of women and 47.4% of men, and no significant differences between the pre-operative characteristics of either group. Regarding mortality, this was lower in the minimum access group, statistically significant in the analysis using bivariate correlations. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic valve replacement using a minimally invasive approach is a safe technique in our environment, despite its necessary learning curve.


OBJETIVOS: Analizar los resultados de la cirugía de mínimo acceso en comparación con la cirugía convencional, especialmente en cuanto a la mortalidad postoperatoria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, empleando regresiones y correlaciones bivariadas en el studio estadístico. Un total de 114 pacientes de más de 65 años derivados a cirugía cardíaca: 57 sujetos en el grupo de mínimo acceso y 57 sujetos en el grupo esternotomía. Las principales variables de interés: demográficas, evolución postoperatoria, sobre todo mortalidad, así como la duración del ingreso en cuidados críticos e ingreso total hospitalario. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 73,11 años, con un 52,6% de mujeres y 47,4% de hombres, y sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las características preoperatorias de cada grupo. En cuanto a la mortalidad, ésta result más baja en el grupo de mínimo acceso, siendo estadísticamente significativo en el análisis por correlaciones bivariadas. CONCLUSIONES: La sustitución valvular aórtica mediante cirugía mínimamente invasive es una técnica segura en nuestro medio, a pesar de su curva de aprendizaje.


Subject(s)
Aortic Valve , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Aged , Aortic Valve/surgery , Female , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Humans , Male , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Sternotomy/methods , Treatment Outcome
11.
Rev. esp. drogodepend ; 47(2): 41-55, abr.-jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-206850

ABSTRACT

El consumo de alcohol y marihuana ha aumentado en la población adolescente, y en la actualidad se han investigado que la inteligencia emocional percibida, podría ser un factor protector paradisminuir la intención y el consumo de estas sustancias. Objetivo: Identificar la inteligencia emocional percibida y su relación con la intención de consumo de alcohol y marihuana en adolescentesmexicanos. Método: El diseño fue descriptivo correlacional, la muestra estuvo conformada por148 adolescentes, estos presentaron una M = 13.62 (DE = 1.24) años, fueron elegidos bajo unmuestro no probabilístico, por conveniencia. Resultados: Se encontró que la claridad emocionalse correlaciono negativamente con la intención de consumo de alcohol, también se observó quela claridad y reparación emocional fueron predictores de la intención de consumo de alcohol y laclaridad emocional predictor de la intención de consumo de marihuana. Conclusión: Los adolescentes que tienen una menor claridad de sus emociones, tienen una mayor intención de consumode alcohol. Una baja inteligencia emocional percibida predice mayor intención de consumo dealcohol y marihuana. (AU)


Alcohol and marijuana consumption has increased in the adolescent population, and currently it has been investigated that perceived emotional intelligence could be a protective factor to reduce the intention and consumption of these substances. Objective: To identify theperceived emotional intelligence and its relationship with the intention to consume alcohol andmarijuana in Mexican adolescents. Methods: The design was descriptive-correlational, the sample consisted of 148 adolescents, with M = 13.62 (SD = 1.24) years, and they were chosenunder a non-probabilistic sample, by convenience. Results: It was found that emotional claritywas negatively correlated with the intention to consume alcohol. It was also observed thatemotional clarity and emotional repair were predictors of the intention to consume alcoholand emotional clarity was a predictor of the intention to consume marijuana. Conclusion: Adolescents who have lower emotional clarity have a higher intention to consume alcohol. Lowperceived emotional intelligence predicts greater intention to consume alcohol and marijuana (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Marijuana Use , Alcohol Drinking , Emotional Intelligence
12.
In. Alonso Texeira Nuñez, Felicita; Ferreiro Paltre, Patricia B; González Brandi, Nancy Beatriz. Adolescencias: una mirada integral. Montevideo, Bibliomédica, c2022. p.305-317.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1416984
13.
Referência ; serV(8,supl.1): e21024, dez. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1365328

ABSTRACT

Resumen Marco contextual: El clima escolar se considera un factor protector para el consumo de drogas. Objetivo: Identificar la asociación del clima escolar con el consumo de drogas por los adolescentes. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional predictivo. Muestreo por conglomerados unietápico y una muestra de 227 estudiantes de 15 a 18 años. Se aplicó una Cédula de Identificación de Características Personales y Consumo de Drogas y la Escala de Clima Escolar (MDS3). Resultados: Se identificó que cuando existe percepción positiva de seguridad (OR = 0,904; p < 0,01), existe menor consumo de alcohol en la última semana, lo que explica el 8,2% de la varianza. Por otra parte, el clima escolar positivo no predice el consumo de tabaco, sin embargo, existe menor probabilidad de consumo de tabaco en el último año cuando existe una percepción positiva del ambiente escolar (OR = 0,884; p < 0,05). Conclusión: La percepción positiva de seguridad en el clima escolar se asocia con el no consumo de alcohol en la última semana, sin embargo, no predice el consumo de tabaco.


Abstract Background: The school climate is a protective factor for substance use. Objective: To identify the association between school climate and substance use in adolescents. Methodology: Predictive descriptive-correlational study. Single-stage cluster sampling and a sample of 227 students aged 15 to 18 years. A Personal Traits and Drug Consumption Identity Card and the School Climate Survey (MDS3) were applied. Results: Participants had a positive perception of safety (OR = 0.904; p < 0.01). There was less alcohol consumption in the last week, explaining 8.2% of the variance. Although a positive school climate does not predict tobacco use, a positive perception of the school environment results in a lower probability of tobacco use in the last year (OR = 0.884; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although a positive perception of safety in the school climate is associated with no alcohol consumption in the last week, it does not predict tobacco use.


Resumo Enquadramento: O clima escolar é considerado um fator de proteção para o consumo de drogas. Objetivo: Identificar a associação do clima escolar com o uso de drogas por adolescentes. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo correlacional preditivo. Amostragem por conglomerados num estágio e amostra de 227 alunos de 15 a 18 anos. Foram aplicados o Cartão de Identificação de Características Pessoais e Consumo de Medicamentos e a Escala de Clima Escolar (MDS3). Resultados: Identificou-se que quando há perceção positiva de segurança (OR = 0,904; p < 0,01) há menor consumo de álcool na última semana, explicando 8,2% da variância. Por outro lado, um clima escolar positivo não prediz o uso de tabaco, porém, há menor probabilidade de uso de tabaco no último ano quando há uma perceção positiva do ambiente escolar (OR = 0,884; p < 0,05). Conclusão: A perceção positiva de segurança no clima escolar está associada ao não consumo de álcool na última semana, porém não prediz o uso de tabaco.

14.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 91(3): 321-326, jul.-sep. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345171

ABSTRACT

Resumen La estenosis aórtica severa sintomática es la patología quirúrgica más prevalente en cirugía cardiaca y su sustitución aislada se ha realizado históricamente mediante esternotomía media completa. Sin embargo, se ha producido recientemente una gran revolución, especialmente tras la llegada de las prótesis aórticas sin suturas que, unido a un nuevo impulso por la cirugía cardiaca hacia un rumbo menos invasivo, ha provocado que el reemplazo de dicha válvula se lleve a cabo cada vez más frecuentemente por dichas prótesis y por incisiones de mínimo acceso. Por ello, realizamos una revisión de los casos intervenidos en nuestro servicio desde el inicio del programa de cirugía de mínimo acceso comparándolos con los resultados de los casos intervenidos en la misma época mediante cirugía convencional.


Abstract Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis is the most prevalent surgical pathology in cardiac surgery, and its isolated replacement has historically been performed by means of complete middle sternotomy. However, a great revolution has recently taken place, especially after the arrival of sutureless aortic prostheses that, together with a new impulse by cardiac surgery towards a less invasive course, has caused the replacement of said valve to be carried out more and more frequently due to these prostheses and minor access incisions. For this reason, we carried out a review of the cases operated on in our service from the beginning of the minimum access surgery program, comparing them with the results of the cases operated at the same time using conventional surgery.

15.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 952021 Apr 23.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33888676

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The negative work climate influences the maladjustment of the staff and there are labor, physiological and psychological consequences in the workers. Work stress can appear as a result of the relationship between the individual, the work environment and the individual perception of threatening factors derived from work, which endangers physical, psychological and social well-being and increases the probability of alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption is a frequent behavior in the working population, as a negative coping with stress. The objective of this work was to know the state of the art of the relationship between the work environment, work stress and alcohol consumption in workers. METHODS: Systematic review of primary studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish from 2009 to 2019, the study population was workers of both sexes. Search in multiple databases: PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, EBSCO Host, Redalyc; the Google Scholar search engine was used to obtain full-text documents. Three reviewers participated in the data selection and extraction process independently, agreeing on the results. RESULTS: 533 studies were found, of which 17 met the eligibility criteria. An association was identified between the work environment (work environment) and/or work stress with the consumption of alcohol in the working population, a meta-analysis was also analyzed which concludes that the workers who presented greater work stress were low-risk drinkers of 20 g/day (2 UBEs) for men and 10 g/day (1 UBE) for women; and risk drinkers with 40 g/d (4 UBEs/day) in men and >20-25 g/d (2-2.5 UBEs/day) in women. CONCLUSIONS: The work environment and work stress predict alcohol consumption and the type of alcohol consumption in workers.


OBJETIVO: El clima laboral negativo influye en la inadaptación del personal y aparecen consecuencias laborales, fisiológicas y psicológicas en los trabajadores. El estrés laboral puede aparecer como resultado de la relación entre el individuo, el clima laboral y la percepción individual de factores amenazantes derivados del trabajo, que pone en peligro el bienestar físico, psicológico y social y aumenta la probabilidad del consumo de alcohol. El consumo de alcohol es una conducta frecuente en la población trabajadora, como afrontamiento negativo al estrés. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer el estado del arte de la relación entre el clima laboral, el estrés laboral y el consumo de alcohol en los trabajadores. METODOS: Revisión sistemática de estudios primarios en inglés, portugués y español del año 2009 al 2019, la población de estudio fueron trabajadores de ambos sexos. Búsqueda en múltiples bases de datos: PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, EBSCO Host, Redalyc; se recurrió al buscador Google Académico para la obtención de documentos en texto completo. Tres revisores participaron en el proceso de selección y extracción de datos de forma independiente, consensuando resultados. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 533 estudios de los cuales 17 cumplían los criterios de elegibilidad. Se identificó asociación entre el clima laboral (ambiente de trabajo) y/o el estrés laboral con el consumo de alcohol en población trabajadora, también se analizó un metaanálisis el cual concluye que los trabajadores que presentaban mayor estrés laboral eran bebedores de bajo riesgo de 20 g/día (2 UBEs) para hombres y 10 g/día (1 UBE) para mujeres; y bebedores de riesgo con 40 g/d (4 UBEs/día) en hombres y >20-25 g/d (2-2,5 UBEs/día) en mujeres. CONCLUSIONES: El clima laboral y el estrés laboral predicen el consumo de alcohol y el tipo de consumo de alcohol en los trabajadores.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Industry , Occupational Stress/epidemiology , Workplace , Humans , Spain/epidemiology
16.
Orphanet J Rare Dis ; 16(1): 9, 2021 01 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33407706

ABSTRACT

This article presents evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for the provision of healthcare services to address sexuality for people living with epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Currently, a lack of EB-specific research limits these services to sexual health assessment and intervention strategies designed for the general population. Due to the unique challenges of EB, a rare skin-fragility condition causing blistering responses to minor skin trauma and other systemic and secondary complications, condition-specific strategies are needed to support people with EB in achieving valued sexual lifestyles. This CPG represents the work of an international panel comprised of thirteen members including a medical doctor, nurses, psychologists, a social worker, an occupational therapist, and patient population involvement members living with EB. It describes the development of EB-specific recommendations for two primary domains of assessment and intervention related to sexuality: psychosocial and mechanical. Following a rigorous evidence-based guideline development process, this CPG establishes the first internationally actionable clinical practice recommendations for sexuality-related assessment and intervention for this population. Future research priorities are identified. Supplemental materials included provide additional support to clinicians in developing the necessary understanding and skills to promote equity and efficacy in this care domain.


Subject(s)
Epidermolysis Bullosa , Physicians , Epidermolysis Bullosa/therapy , Humans , Sexuality , Skin
17.
Nurs Sci Q ; 34(1): 74-80, 2021 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33349177

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to gain understanding, using the self-transcendence theory, of the perspective of the alcoholic patient. This was a qualitative study using the grounded theory method. Eight semistructured interviews were conducted with alcohol-dependent individuals. Eleven categories emerged that allowed for understanding the process of becoming alcohol dependent to later seeking help and maintaining abstinence through the intervention program developed by Alcoholics Anonymous.


Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Alcoholics Anonymous/organization & administration , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Global Health , Adult , Aged , Female , Grounded Theory , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Qualitative Research
18.
Arch Cardiol Mex ; 91(3): 321-326, 2020 08 05.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33008147

ABSTRACT

Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis is the most prevalent surgical pathology in cardiac surgery, and its isolated replacement has historically been performed by means of complete middle sternotomy. However, a great revolution has recently taken place, especially after the arrival of sutureless aortic prostheses that, together with a new impulse by cardiac surgery towards a less invasive course, has caused the replacement of said valve to be carried out more and more frequently due to these prostheses and minor access incisions. For this reason, we carried out a review of the cases operated on in our service from the beginning of the minimum access surgery program, comparing them with the results of the cases operated at the same time using conventional surgery.


La estenosis aórtica severa sintomática es la patología quirúrgica más prevalente en cirugía cardiaca y su sustitución aislada se ha realizado históricamente mediante esternotomía media completa. Sin embargo, se ha producido recientemente una gran revolución, especialmente tras la llegada de las prótesis aórticas sin suturas que, unido a un nuevo impulso por la cirugía cardiaca hacia un rumbo menos invasivo, ha provocado que el reemplazo de dicha válvula se lleve a cabo cada vez más frecuentemente por dichas prótesis y por incisiones de mínimo acceso. Por ello, realizamos una revisión de los casos intervenidos en nuestro servicio desde el inicio del programa de cirugía de mínimo acceso comparándolos con los resultados de los casos intervenidos en la misma época mediante cirugía convencional.

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