Ganglio centinela en la metástasis ganglionar por cáncer papilar de tiroides: validez diagnóstica y aplicación en la práctica clínica / Sentinel lymph node biopsy in papillary thyroid cancer: Accuracy and application in clinical practice

Introducción La biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela (BSGC) puede completar el estudio preoperatorio detectando adenopatías no visibles ecográficamente. De este modo, se puede estadificar a los pacientes y estratificar el riesgo de recidiva de forma más precisa y, por tanto, ayudar a definir el tipo de tratamiento tanto quirúrgico como con 131I que debemos realizar. El objetivo fue validar la BSGC para su utilización en el diagnóstico de la metástasis ganglionar por cáncer papilar de tiroides. Métodos Estudio observacional prospectivo de cohortes que incluye a 55 pacientes intervenidos por cáncer papilar de tiroides sin sospecha de afectación ganglionar clínica o radiológica, desde febrero de 2012 hasta febrero de 2015, con un seguimiento de entre 6 y 8 años. Se utilizó 99Tc con nanocoloide intratumoral y una sonda portátil de la gammacámara para la detección de los ganglios centinelas. Variables: edad, género, histológicas, analíticas y estadificación preoperatoria y postoperatoria. Se calculó la sensibilidad, la especificidad y los valores predictivos de la técnica. La validación se determinó calculando la detectabilidad y los falsos negativos de la prueba. Resultados En 53 de los 55 (96,36%) pacientes hubo detección del ganglio centinela. Los falsos negativos fueron 4 (7,5%) pacientes. Del resto, tras aplicar la BSGC, 24 (48,9%) se mantuvieron como N0, 14 (28,5%) pasaron a ser N1a y 11 (22,4%) se clasificaron como N1b. Las diferencias observadas en el estudio fueron significativas (p<0,05). La sensibilidad fue del 86,21%, la especificidad del 100%, el VPP del 100% y el VPN del 85,71%. La precisión diagnóstica fue del 92,45%. Conclusiones La BSGC es una técnica válida para su utilización en los pacientes afectos de cáncer papilar de tiroides, con una alta precisión diagnóstica (AU)

Introduction The presence of lymph nodes metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer modifies the type of surgical resection as well as the indication of the treatment with 131I in the postoperative period. This therapeutic approach is based on the results of the diagnostic tests, like the cervical ultrasonography. Currently other methods of diagnostic are tested as selective sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). It can complement to the ultrasound results. The aim was to validate the SLNB for use in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis by papillary thyroid cancer. Methods Observational prospective cohort study of 55 patients who underwent papillary thyroid cancer without suspicion of lymph node involvement clinical or radiological, since February 2012 through February 2015, with a follow-up between 6 and 8 years. It was used 99Tc with intratumoral nanocoloid and a portable tube of the gamma camera for the detection of the sentinel node. Variables: age, gender, histological, analytical and preoperative and postoperative staging. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of technique was calculated. The validation was determined by calculating the detectability and the false negative results of the test. Results In 53 of the 55 patients (96.36%) there was the sentinel node detection. The false negative were 4 patients (7.5%). Of the rest, after applying the SLNB, 24 (48.9%) were kept as N0, 14 (28.5%) became N1a and 11 (22.4%) were classified as N1b. The differences observed in the study were significant (P<.05). The sensitivity was 86.21%, the specificity of 100%, the PPV was 100% and the NPV of 85.71%. The diagnostic accuracy was 92.45%. Conclusions The SLNB is a valid technique for use in patients suffering from papillary thyroid cancer with a high diagnostic accuracy (AU)

Development and quality assessment of a turbid carrot-orange juice blend processed by UV-C light assisted by mild heat and addition of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract.

Carrot-orange juice processed by UV-C (10.6 kJ/m2) assisted with mild heat (H, 50 °C) and yerba mate addition (E) was obtained. UV-C/H + E treated juice was examined for native flora, polyphenol content (PC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), colour, turbidity, °Brix and pH along storage (4 °C). Consumer profiling studies were performed. UV-C/H + E provoked 2.6-5.7 native flora log reductions, preventing from recovery during 24 day-storage. The UV-C/H + E juice exhibited a significant increase in PC (720.2 µg/mL) and TAA (5.5 mg/mL) compared to untreated (PC = 205.0 µg/mL/TAA = 0.7 mg/mL) and single treated juices (PC = 302.1-408.0 µg/mL/TAA = 0.7-2.4 mg/mL), remaining constant throughout storage. UV-C/H + E juice exhibited scarce changes in colour. Nevertheless, increases in °Brix and turbidity were observed compared to single treatments. A cluster sensory analysis revealed that one group showed a marked interest in UVC/H + E beverages with herbal taste and strong aroma. CATA question revealed that some improvements should be introduced in order to satisfy the consumers' ideally beverage.