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4.
Pharm. care Esp ; 8(4): 187-197, sept.-dic. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68660

ABSTRACT

Mejorar el uso de los antibióticos mediante la protocolización de la dispensación. Diseño: Estudio observacional transversal. Emplazamiento: Oficinas de Farmacia del Estado Español convocadas por Correo Farmacéutico. Participantes: Farmacéuticos comunitarios (titulares, adjuntos, sustitutos). Población diana: Personas que demandan antibióticos con receta médica para inicio o continuación de tratamiento. Intervenciones: Formación de los farmacéuticos participantes. En los pacientes: detección y resolución de carencias de información y Problemas Relacionados con Medicamentos (PRMs) en relación con la prescripción de antibióticos. Mediciones principales: Número de pacientes en los que se sospecha falta de información. Tipo de información de la que carecen en tratamientos inicio y continuación. Cuantificación y descripción de los PRMs, sus causas en tratamiento inicio y continuación. PRMs y causas por grupos terapéuticos. Resultados: 1.788 farmacéuticos participantes, 971 farmacias (4,8% de las farmacias de España). Se obtuvieron 52.753 registros válidos; 40.854 (77%) fueron de demandas de antibióticos con receta. En 33.352 ocasiones fue el propio paciente o cuidador quien realiza la demanda. En inicio tratamiento el 2% los pacientes no conocían la indicación, 12% no conoce la posología, 13% no conocía la duración y 17% tenía otras carencias de información. El 24,5% tenían alguna carencia. En continuación tratamiento los pacientes no conocen posología el 4%, duración de tratamiento 5% y 7% tenía otras carencias de información. El 34% de los demandantes tenía alguna carencia de información. En 3.001 (9%) ocasiones se detectó algún PRM, un 37% por problema de dosis, un 16% por interacción con otro medicamento, el 4% contraindicación, el 15% RAM y un 28 % por otras causas. En 87 ocasiones (0,26% del total de registros válidos) el paciente refirió ser alérgico al antibiótico que le habían prescrito. Conclusiones: La tercera parte de los pacientes a los que se les dispensó antibióticos por vía oral con receta se detectó alguna carencia de información. En un 9% de las ocasiones se detectaron problemas de seguridad o efectividad relacionados con ese antibiótico. En la farmacia comunitaria puede detectarse y corregirse esta situación, contribuyendo al uso correcto de los antibióticos (AU)


Objectives: To improve the use of the antibiotics in the population, offering a dispensing process with a structured interview and defined interventions. Design: Observational cross-sectional Study. Location: Community pharmacies of Spain summoned by the weekly edition of «Correo Farmacéutico». Participants: Community pharmacists (owners and employees). Setting: People asking for antibiotics with a prescription, at the onset of treatment or for the continuation of a treatment already in use. Interventions: 1. Training of participant pharmacists. 2. For patients: identifying and solving: a) lack of essential information and b) Drugs Related Problems (DRP) in connection with the antibiotics prescribed. Measures: Number of patients that were identified with lack of information. Type of information needed in the beginning or continuation treatments. Quantification and classification of DRP and their causes in the onset or continuation treatments. Type of DRP and its causes within each therapeutic group of antibiotics. Results: 1.788 participant pharmacists from 971 pharmacies (4,8% of the pharmacies of Spain) obtained 52.753 valid registrations of dispensing process of antibiotics. Of this total, 40.854 (77%) were antibiotic demand with a doctor prescription. In 33.352 cases the demand was done by the patient himself or the caregiver. In the onset of treatments: 2% the patients didn't know the indication; 12% doesn't know the dosage regimen; 13% he/she didn't know the length of the treatment and 17% he/she had other lacks of information. In treatment's continuation, the patients didn't know dosing or dosage regimen by 4%; duration of treatment by 5% and he/she had other lacks of information by 7%. In all, 34% of the patients had some lack of information. In 3.001 prescriptions (9%) some DRP was identified; 37% was a dosing problem, 16% was an interaction with another medication, 4% had contraindications, in 15% an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) was identified and 28% were DRP by other causes. In 87 occasions (0,26% of the total of valid registrations) the patient referred to be allergic to the antibiotic that have been prescribed to him/her. Conclusions: Lack of essential information was detected in a third of the patients who came to the pharmacies with an antibiotic prescription. In 9% of the cases, problems of security or effectiveness related with the antibiotic were identified. With an structured interview at the dispensing point in the community pharmacy those situations may be intervened and solved, promoting the appropriate use of the antibiotics (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Pharmaceutical Services , Clinical Protocols , Spain , Cross-Sectional Studies
6.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 41(4): 189-96, 2005 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15826528

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological description of individuals from whom Mycobacterium kansasii isolates were obtained in respiratory samples, and analysis of the isolates using molecular biological techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive retrospective/ prospective study was carried out from January 1994 to April 2002 in Basurto Hospital and Santa Marina Hospital and from January 2000 to April 2002 in Cruces Hospital, Galdakao Hospital, and San Eloy Hospital. Diagnosis of the disease was performed according to American Thoracic Society criteria; other definitions were also applied to allow inclusion of all cases. Disease caused by M. kansasii in patients who were not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was compared with disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a control group. Polymerase chain reaction was applied with analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms to differentiate between species of mycobacteria and classify them into genotypes. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms were used to recognize clones within each genotype. RESULTS: The patient charts of 334 patients in which an isolate of M. kansasii had been recorded were reviewed. We considered 220 patients to be suffering from disease caused by M. kansasii (American Thoracic Society criteria along with probable disease according to established definitions). The disease was more frequent in male patients (n=185; 84.1%) and in individuals who were not HIV positive (n=184; 83.6%). The highest incidence of disease in the Bizkaia region was found in Margen Izquierda-Encartaciones, where the rate was 8.05 per 100 000 inhabitants. In the Bilbao area, the highest rate was found in the districts lying on the outskirts. The underlying diseases were tuberculosis (20.5%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (25.9%), pulmonary neoplasia (7.7%), silicosis (0.9%), chronic liver disease (11.4%), and duodenal ulcer (8.6%). The most frequent constitutional symptoms were fever (39.1%), loss of appetite (23.2%), and weight loss (33.3%). Among the respiratory symptoms, the most outstanding were cough (70.9%) and expectoration (62.3%). The most frequent radiographic patterns were cavitation and pulmonary infiltration. The most common treatment regimen was rifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutol (43.4%), and the average duration was 12 months in patients who were HIV negative. Analysis of antibiotic sensitivity, performed on 56 strains, revealed that 100% were resistant to isoniazid, while none displayed rifampicin resistance. Thirty-four cases of disease caused by M. kansasii were compared with 68 cases of tuberculosis, all of them without HIV infection. The comparison revealed a predominance of smokers, respiratory symptoms, and cavitation in patients with disease caused by M. kansasii. The majority of the isolates (98.5%) corresponded to genotype I. A total of 8 clones were obtained; the clones designated 1 and 3 were more common in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients with disease caused by M. kansasii in the province of Bizkaia. The disease is more frequent in male patients, individuals who are HIV negative, and in urban areas. In addition, more respiratory symptoms and a higher incidence of cavitation were found in patients with disease caused by M. kansasii than in those with tuberculosis. Genotype I is the most common isolate, and clones 1 and 3 affect 80% of patients suffering from the disease.


Subject(s)
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology , Mycobacterium kansasii , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Urban Health
7.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(4): 189-196, abr. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-037524

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descripción epidemiológica de los individuos con aislamiento de Mycobacterium kansasii en muestras respiratorias y análisis de estos aislamientos mediante técnicas de biología molecular. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, prospectivo y descriptivo de enero de 1994 a abril de 2002 en los hospitales de Basurto y Santa Marina, y de enero de 2000 a abril de 2002 en los hospitales de Cruces, Galdakao y San Eloy. Se aplicaron los criterios de la American Thoracic Society para el diagnóstico de enfermedad y se utilizaron otras definiciones para abarcar todos los casos. Se comparó la enfermedad por M. kansasii en pacientes sin infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) con un grupo control con enfermedad por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Se aplicó la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con análisis de RFLP (restriction fragment-length polymorphisms) para diferenciar las especies de micobacterias y subtipificación en genotipos, y la AFLP (amplified fragment-length polymorphisms) para reconocer clones dentro de cada genotipo. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron 334 historias clínicas de pacientes en los que existía un registro de aislamiento microbiológico de M. kansasii. Consideramos que 220 eran enfermos (criterio de la American Thoracic Society más enfermedad probable de definiciones creadas). La enfermedad era más frecuente en varones (n = 185; 84,1%) y en personas sin infección por el VIH (n = 184; 83,6%). La tasa de incidencia de enfermedad más alta en la comarca de Bizkaia fue en Margen Izquierda-Encartaciones, con un 8,05 por cada 100.000 habitantes, y en el Área de Bilbao, en los distritos de la periferia. Las enfermedades de base fueron: tuberculosis (20,5%), enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (25,9%), neoplasia de pulmón (7,7%), silicosis (0,9%), hepatopatía crónica (11,4%) y gastrectomía (8,6%). Los síntomas constitucionales más frecuentes fueron: fiebre (39,1%), anorexia (23,2%) y disminución de peso (33,3%). Entre los síntomas respiratorios destacaron la tos (70,9%) y la expectoración (62,3%). Los patrones radiológicos más frecuentes fueron cavitación e infiltrados pulmonares. La pauta de tratamiento más habitual fue rifampicina, isoniacida y etambutol (43,4%), y el tiempo medio de duración fue de 12 meses en las personas sin infección por el VIH. En el estudio de sensibilidad realizado en 56 cepas, el 100% fue resistente a isoniacida y ninguna mostró resistencia a rifampicina. Se compararon 34 casos de enfermedad por M. kansasii con 68 casos de tuberculosis, todos sin infección por el VIH, y se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: predominio de fumadores, de síntomas respiratorios y de cavitación en los pacientes con enfermedad por M. kansasii. El 98,5% de los aislamientos pertenecieron al genotipo I. Se obtuvieron un total de 8 clones; el clon denominado 1 fue más frecuente en personas con infección por el VIH y el denominado 3 en los que no la presentaban. CONCLUSIONES: Se ha registrado un aumento del número de pacientes con enfermedad por M. kansasii en la provincia de Bizkaia en los últimos años. Dicha enfermedad es más frecuente en varones, personas sin infección por el VIH y zonas urbanas. Asimismo, se han encontrado más síntomas respiratorios como manifestaciones clínicas y mayor presencia de cavitación como hallazgo radiológico en la enfermedad por M. kansasii al compararla con la tuberculosis. El genotipo I es el aislado con más frecuencia, y los clones 1 y 3 afectan al 80% de los individuos enfermos


OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological description of individuals from whom Mycobacterium kansasii isolates were obtained in respiratory samples, and analysis of the isolates using molecular biological techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive retrospective/ prospective study was carried out from January 1994 to April 2002 in Basurto Hospital and Santa Marina Hospital and from January 2000 to April 2002 in Cruces Hospital, Galdakao Hospital, and San Eloy Hospital. Diagnosis of the disease was performed according to American Thoracic Society criteria; other definitions were also applied to allow inclusion of all cases. Disease caused by M. kansasii in patients who were not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was compared with disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a control group. Polymerase chain reaction was applied with analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms to differentiate between species of mycobacteria and classify them into genotypes. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms were used to recognize clones within each genotype. RESULTS: The patient charts of 334 patients in which an isolate of M. kansasii had been recorded were reviewed. We considered 220 patients to be suffering from disease caused by M. kansasii (American Thoracic Society criteria along with probable disease according to established definitions). The disease was more frequent in male patients (n=185; 84.1%) and in individuals who were not HIV positive (n=184; 83.6%). The highest incidence of disease in the Bizkaia region was found in Margen Izquierda-cartaciones, where the rate was 8.05 per 100 000 inhabitants. In the Bilbao area, the highest rate was found in the districts lying on the outskirts. The underlying diseases were tuberculosis (20.5%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (25.9%), pulmonary neoplasia (7.7%), silicosis (0.9%), chronic liver disease (11.4%), and duodenal ulcer (8.6%). The most frequent constitutional symptoms were fever (39.1%), loss of appetite (23.2%), and weight loss (33.3%). Among the respiratory symptoms, the most outstanding were cough (70.9%) and expectoration (62.3%). The most frequent radiographic patterns were cavitation and pulmonary infiltration. The most common treatment regimen was rifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutol (43.4%), and the average duration was 12 months in patients who were HIV negative. Analysis of antibiotic sensitivity, performed on 56 strains, revealed that 100% were resistant to isoniazid, while none displayed rifampicin resistance. Thirtyfour cases of disease caused by M. kansasii were compared with 68 cases of tuberculosis, all of them without HIV infection. The comparison revealed a predominance of smokers, respiratory symptoms, and cavitation in patients with disease caused by M. kansasii. The majority of the isolates (98.5%) corresponded to genotype I. A total of 8 clones were obtained; the clones designated 1 and 3 were more common in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients with disease caused by M. kansasii in the province of Bizkaia. The disease is more frequent in male patients, individuals who are HIV negative, and in urban areas. In addition, more respiratory symptoms and a higher incidence of cavitation were found in patients with disease caused by M. kansasii than in those with tuberculosis. Genotype I is the most common isolate, and clones 1 and 3 affect 80% of patients suffering from the disease


Subject(s)
Humans , Mycobacterium kansasii , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Urban Health , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy
8.
Pharm. care Esp ; 6(3): 110-116, jul.-sept. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-147558

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los Problemas relacionados con medicamentos (PRM) pueden detectarse a través de sus efectos sobre la salud de los pacientes, y también al observar situaciones capaces de causar esos PRM. Por ello el estudio de las causas nos permite facilitar la detección de PRM. También el estudio de las causas de los PRM facilita enormemente la resolución de los mismos. Pueden existir muchas causas de PRM. En este estudio hemos detectado hasta 13 distintas. Por ello consideramos necesario intentar agruparlas de forma que se facilite su estudio. Basándose en estudios previos se propone la siguiente clasificación de Problemas Relacionados con Medicamentos según sus causas: 1º La causa está relacionada con el reconocimiento del problema. 2º La causa está relacionada con la selección del tratamiento farmacológico. 3º La causa está relacionada con el uso del medicamento. 4º La causa está relacionada sólo con el medicamento. En este trabajo, dicha clasificación se aplica a los 331 casos detectados en 10 farmacias de Valencia. Material y método: Durante el período 1/4/01-31/3/02 20 farmacéuticos en 10 farmacias de Valencia aplican el método Dader ampliado con Atenfar para la detección y resolución de PRM. Posteriormente aplican esta clasificación a todos los casos. Resultados: Se detectaron 331 casos. En el 11,8% de las ocasiones no fue posible determinar la causa del PRM. Los restantes casos se agruparon de la siguiente forma: 1) 6,3%; 2) 28,7; 3) 14,5%; 4) 38,7%. Hay tendencia a una mayor dificultad de resolución de los PRM provocados por una causa de tipo 1, pero la diferencia no es significativa. Conclusión: La clasificación parece válida, aunque son necesarios más estudios, especialmente de concordancia, para determinarlo y para establecer su utilidad (AU)


Introduction: Drug Related Problems (DRP) can be detected through their effects on patients’ health, and also paying atention to those situations able to cause DRP. The study of these causes let us detect DRP easier. The study of the causes of DRP makes also easier the resolution of these DRP. DRP’s causes are o lot of them. In this work we detected up to 13 different causes. We consider necessary try to group them in order to facilitate their study. Based on previous studies we propose the next classification of DRP according to causes: 1. Cause related to the recognition of the problem 2. Cause related to pharmacotherapy selection 3. Cause related to drug use 4. Cause related to drug only This work applies the proposed classification to 331 cases detected in 10 community pharmacies in Valencia. Methods: Since 01/04/01 to 31/03/02 20 pharmacists in 10 pharmacies of Valencia used Dader methodology enlarged with “Atenfar” for detection and resolution of DRP. Later, they were classified with the new classification. Results: 331 cases were detected. It was impossible to determine the cause of the DRP in 11’8%. The remaining cases were grouped as follow: 1) 6’3%; 2) 28’7%; 3) 14’5%; 4) 38’7%. There is a non significant tendency in group 1, to be more difficult to be solved. Conclusion: Classification seems to be valid but more studies, especially concordance studies, are needed to establish its real utility (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/classification , Drug Therapy , Medication Errors , /organization & administration , Food-Drug Interactions , Drug Interactions
9.
Aten Primaria ; 32(5): 276-81, 2003 Sep 30.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14519289

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To improve and evaluate the travel advice by community pharmacists. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and prospective study. SETTING: Community pharmacies from Asturias, Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia. PARTICIPANTS: 483 travellers to high health risk countries who visit the community pharmacies and were agreed with the aims of the study. METHOD: Community pharmacists gave information regarding immunization and prophylaxis about travel-related disease according to the destination, type and duration of travel and other features of the tourist (age, taking medicines, diseases, etc.). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Destination, adherence to the prophylaxis and vaccinations recommended, adverse effects and diseases the tourists have in the travel and one month after they are back. RESULTS: Only 6.3% of the travellers were effective vaccinated and took prophylaxis (all vaccines and prophylaxis according to the destination). 36.2% of the travellers experienced an illness while abroad. The commonest disease were travellers' diarrhoea (15.7%). The pharmacists were the only source of information about sunscreens, repellents, and other sanitary goods. CONCLUSIONS: The community pharmacists can give accurate information regarding immunization and prophylaxis about international travels. It is necessary to improve the communication between family physician, the tropical travel clinic and community pharmacists in order to improving compliance. It is necessary keep the bureaucratic barriers away to get this kind of drugs. The international tourists still travel without the necessary vaccines and prophylaxis to the high health risk areas.


Subject(s)
Travel , Vaccination , Adult , Community Pharmacy Services , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Internationality , Male , Prospective Studies
10.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(5): 276-281, sept. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-29714

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Mejorar la captación de viajeros a zonas de riesgo sanitario por los farmacéuticos comunitarios y evaluar dicha actuación sanitaria. Diseño. Estudio observacional prospectivo. Emplazamiento. Farmacias comunitarias de Asturias, Barcelona, Madrid y Valencia. Participantes. Un total de 483 viajeros a zonas de riesgo que iban a las farmacias participantes y que dieron su consentimiento verbal para participar en el estudio. Intervenciones. Asesoramiento por parte de los farmacéuticos comunitarios a los viajeros sobre las vacunas, la quimioprofilaxis y el botiquín de viaje necesarios según el destino, la duración y las características de los viajeros (medicación concomitante, embarazo, comorbilidades, edad, etc.).Mediciones principales. Destino y duración del viaje, cumplimiento de vacunas y/o quimioprofilaxis recomendadas, reacciones adversas a ellas. Problemas de salud durante el viaje y al mes del regreso. Resultados. El 6,3 por ciento de los viajeros estaba protegido correctamente (todas las vacunas y quimioprofilaxis que necesitaban). El 36,2 por ciento de los viajeros tuvieron algún problema de salud durante el viaje, siendo la diarrea el más frecuente (15,7 por ciento). El botiquín de viaje fue recomendado sobre todo por el farmacéutico comunitario (89-95 por ciento).Conclusiones. Los farmacéuticos convenientemente formados están capacitados para asesorar a los viajeros sobre las vacunas, la quimioprofilaxis y el botiquín de viaje necesarios. Hay que mejorar la coordinación con los departamentos de medicina exterior y los médicos de familia correspondientes. Conviene disminuir las trabas burocráticas (visado de inspección) para la obtención de estos medicamentos. Los viajeros internacionales aún no van correctamente vacunados a las zonas de riesgo sanitario (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Travel , Vaccination , Prospective Studies , Internationality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Community Pharmacy Services
11.
Pharm. care Esp ; 4(1): 41-51, ene.-feb. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12747

ABSTRACT

Métodos: Desde el 1 de noviembre de 1999 y hasta el 1 de septiembre de 2000 hemos realizado, en una farmacia comunitaria, el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico de 13 pacientes diagnosticados de depresión y tratados con antidepresivos. La herramienta utilizada para poder observar la efectividad del tratamiento fue el test de Hamilton. Resultados: De los 13 pacientes 5 fueron dados de alta médica por depresión en el tiempo que duró el estudio. Se detectaron un total de 9 PRM: 1 PRM-2 (11%), 5 PRM-4 (55%), 2 PRM-5 (55%), 1 PRM-6 (11%). Conclusiones: El test de Hamilton consigue dar una medida de la efectividad de la medicación antidepresiva (AU)


Methods: From the November 1st, 1999 to September 1st, 2000 pharmaceutical care was carried out on 13 patients diagnosed with depression and treated with anti-depressives in a community pharmacy. The Hamilton Test was used as a tool to observe the effectiveness of the treatment. Results: 5 of the 13 patients were cured of their depression within the study period. 9 DRP were detected: I DRP type-2 (11%), 5 DRP type-4 (55%), 2 DRP type-5 (55%), I DRP type-6 (11%). Conclusions: The Hamilton Tests enables a measurement of anti-depression medication effectiveness (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Depression/drug therapy , Patient Care , Pharmaceutical Services , Community Pharmacy Services , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data
12.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 37(1): 27-34, 2001 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11181227

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and microbiological characteristics as well as clinical course and response to treatment of patients with lung disease due to Mycobacterium kansasii. METHODS: All cases of lung disease caused by M. kansasii diagnosed between 1993 and 1998 in Santa Marina Hospital in Bilbao (Spain) were reviewed. RESULTS: The nurse identified 39 cases of lung disease caused by M. kansasii. The incidence in our practice is growing. Most patients were men (97.4%). Mean patient age was 55.9 years. Relevant features of patients' case histories were lung tuberculosis (38.4%), chronic airflow limitation (28.2%) and smoking (87%). Most patients lived in urban settings (94.8%). The most frequent symptoms were cough (87%) and general malaise (72%). Hemoptysis occurred in 31%. Chest images showed mainly a localized alveolar pattern (69%). Cavitation was present in 76.9%. Bacilli were observed in 76.9%. Antibiograms (for 30 cases) showed resistance to the following drugs: rifampicin 3.3%, isoniazid (1 microgram/ml 10%, isoniazid (0.2 microgram/ml 100%, ethambutol 6.6%, streptomycin 90%, pyrazinamide 90%. Eight patients (22% of 36) died; all had severe associated disease. In 33% of the 21 patients with cavitation, closure was not achieved according to follow-up images. Follow-up microbiological tests revealed one case (2.7% of 36 patients) of treatment failure and four cases (15.3% of 26 patients) of relapse. CONCLUSIONS: The number of patients with lung disease due to M. kansasii has increased significantly in recent years in our hospital. The mortality rate in these patients was high, but we believe it is explained by the severity of associated disease. The 15.3% rate of relapse calls for long-term follow-up of such patients.


Subject(s)
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous , Mycobacterium kansasii , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology
13.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 37(1): 27-34, ene. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-656

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, radiológicas, evolutivas y de respuesta al tratamiento en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar por Mycobacterium kansasii. Métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio todos los pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad pulmonar por M. kansasii entre los años 1993 y 1998 en el Hospital de Santa Marina de Bilbao. Resultados: Encontramos a 39 pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar por M. kansasii que cumplían para su diagnóstico los criterios de la ATS. La incidencia de la enfermedad en nuestro medio es creciente. El predominio de afección del sexo masculino fue muy notable (97,4 por ciento). La media de edad de los pacientes fue de 55,9 años. Entre los antecedentes personales destacan la tuberculosis pulmonar (38,4 por ciento), la OCFA (28,2 por ciento) y el tabaquismo (87 por ciento). La mayoría de los pacientes procedían del medio urbano (94,8 por ciento). Entre los síntomas destacaron por su frecuencia la tos (87 por ciento) y el síndrome general (72 por ciento). La hemoptisis se dio en el 31 por ciento de los pacientes. En la radiografía del tórax predominó el patrón alveolar localizado (69 por ciento). La presencia de cavitación se dio en el 76,9 por ciento de los casos. La baciloscopia directa fue positiva en el 76,9 por ciento de los pacientes. Los antibiogramas (sobre 30 casos) indicaron las siguientes resistencias: rifampicina, 3,3 por ciento; isoniacida (1 µg/ml), 10 por ciento; isoniacida (0,2 µg/ml), 100 por ciento; etambutol, 6,6 por ciento; estreptomicina, 90 por ciento; pirazinamida, 90 por ciento. Fallecieron 8 pacientes (22 por ciento, sobre 36 pacientes), todos con graves enfermedades asociadas. En la evolución radiológica destacamos que en el 33 por ciento de las formas cavitarias no se consiguió el cierre de las mismas (sobre 21 pacientes). En la evolución microbiológica destaca un caso de fracaso bacteriológico (2,7 por ciento, sobre 36 pacientes) y 4 casos de recaída (15,3 por ciento, sobre 26 pacientes). Conclusiones: El número de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar por Mycobacterium kansasii ha aumentado en los últimos años de forma significativa en nuestro hospital. La mortalidad en los pacientes con esta enfermedad fue alta, pero parece explicarse por la gravedad de las enfermedades asociadas que padecían. La tasa de recaídas, del 15,3 por ciento, obliga al seguimiento posterior a largo plazo de estos pacientes. (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Mycobacterium kansasii , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous , Retrospective Studies
14.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 2(1): 62-8, 1998 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9562113

ABSTRACT

SETTING: Among the cytokines involved in defensive mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, special attention has been given to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma); a local synthesis of this cytokine as well as IL-2 (type 1 cytokines) at the site of disease in patients with tuberculous pleuritis has been demonstrated. Moreover, high levels of IgG autoantibodies against IFN-gamma have been shown in several clinical situations. It has been suggested that these antibodies could serve to limit the intensity or duration of the immune response or be able to interfere with the pathophysiological effects of IFN-gamma. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential role of anti-IFN-gamma antibodies in the course of M. tuberculosis infection. DESIGN: Investigation of the presence of these antibodies in sera from healthy and ill subjects infected with M. tuberculosis in relation to the extent of the disease and the presence of IFN-gamma in sera by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to investigate the presence of these antibodies at the site of infection we included 12 pleural fluids from tuberculosis patients and 9 pleural fluids from other origins. RESULTS: In the course of M. tuberculosis infection the production of anti-IFN-gamma IgG antibodies is induced, being particularly higher in healthy skin test converters. Among tuberculosis patients, the presence of anti-IFN-gamma autoantibodies is significantly associated with detectable levels of the cytokine in sera. Levels of anti-IFN-gamma antibodies in moderately advanced and far advanced tuberculosis patients are significantly greater than in healthy individuals. These antibodies increase at the site of infection. CONCLUSION: Anti-IFN-gamma antibodies must be considered as a new element in the immune response to M. tuberculosis. It would be of great interest to investigate this point especially at the site of infection.


Subject(s)
Autoantibodies/analysis , Interferon-gamma/immunology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology , Antibody Specificity , Autoantibodies/blood , Autoantibodies/immunology , Blotting, Western , Chi-Square Distribution , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis , Interferon-gamma/blood , Interleukin-2/biosynthesis , Pleural Effusion/immunology , Skin/immunology , Tuberculin Test , Tuberculosis, Pleural/immunology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/blood
15.
Chest ; 94(5): 1119, 1988 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3180883
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