ABSTRACT
ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: Durante la pandemia COVID-19 se ha producido un aumento de la demanda de mascarillas por parte de profesionales sanitarios y de la población general. En este contexto, se hace necesario sintetizar las características y las indicaciones de uso de los distintos tipos de mascarillas existentes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se consultaron y recopilaron las diferentes recomendaciones difundidas por instituciones de reconocido prestigio, como la Organización Mundial de la Salud, The European Centre for Disease Prevention, The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine o el Ministerio de Sanidad del Gobierno de España. RESULTADOS: Las instituciones consultadas aconsejan reservar las mascarillas filtering face piece (FFP) para el personal sanitario, especialmente en la realización de procedimientos generadores de aerosoles (PGA) (protección mínima de FFP2), y plantean posibles sistemas de reutilización durante épocas de escasez. Asimismo, se recomienda el uso de mascarillas quirúrgicas en profesionales que no realicen PGA y en población sintomática, existiendo variación en las indicaciones de uso para población general sana. CONCLUSIÓN: En situaciones de escasez de equipos de protección individual por pandemia de COVID-19 se debe establecer una priorización y racionalización de uso de cada tipo de mascarilla en función del usuario y de la actividad a realizar
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand of masks has been increased by health professionals and the general population. In this context, it is necessary to summarize the features and indications of the different types of masks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To consult and to compile the different recommendations disseminated by prestigious institutions such as the World Health Organization, the European Center for Disease Prevention, the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, or the Ministry of Health of the Government of Spain has been reviewed. RESULTS: The institutions consulted recommend reserving FFP respirators for healthcare workers, especially when carrying out aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) (minimum FFP2 protection) and consider some reutilization systems during times of scarcity. The use of surgical masks is recommended to professionals who do not perform AGPs and to the symptomatic population but exist variations in its indications intended for the general healthy population. CONCLUSION: In the context of shortage of personal protective equipment due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a prioritization and rationalization of the use of each type of mask should be established according to the user and the activity performed
Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control , Masks/standards , Ventilators, Mechanical/standards , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity , Pandemics/statistics & numerical data , Universal Precautions/methods , Masks/classificationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand of masks has been increased by health professionals and the general population. In this context, it is necessary to summarize the features and indications of the different types of masks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To consult and to compile the different recommendations disseminated by prestigious institutions such as the World Health Organization, the European Center for Disease Prevention, the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, or the Ministry of Health of the Government of Spain has been reviewed. RESULTS: The institutions consulted recommend reserving FFP respirators for healthcare workers, especially when carrying out aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) (minimum FFP2 protection) and consider some reutilization systems during times of scarcity. The use of surgical masks is recommended to professionals who do not perform AGPs and to the symptomatic population but exist variations in its indications intended for the general healthy population. CONCLUSION: In the context of shortage of personal protective equipment due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a prioritization and rationalization of the use of each type of mask should be established according to the user and the activity performed.
Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Guidelines as Topic , Masks/standards , Pandemics/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Respiratory Protective Devices/standards , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Equipment Contamination , Equipment Reuse/standards , Filtration/instrumentation , Health Personnel , Humans , Hygiene/standards , Masks/classification , Masks/supply & distribution , Personal Protective Equipment/standards , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
La cistectomía radical asociada a linfadenectomía pélvica ampliada continúa siendo el tratamiento quirúrgico de elección para el carcinoma de vejiga. Pero la tendencia actual en la cirugía abdominal es conseguir mejores resultados, acortando tiempos de hospitalización, recurriendo para ello a métodos menos invasivos como son las técnicas laparoscópicas. Estos abordajes requieren una formación específica para optimizar el manejo del aparataje e instrumental laparoscópico, así como un conocimiento del material empleado en este tipo de cirugías mixtas, ya que la derivación se practica por cirugía abierta
Radical cystectomy and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy remains the surgical treatment chosen for bladders carcinoma. But the current trend in abdominal surgery is to achieve better results, shortening hospitalization times and resorting to less invasive methods such as laparoscopic techniques. These approaches require specific training to optimize handling of laparoscopic instruments as well as specific knowledge concerning the material used in this type of joint since the bypass surgery is performed by open surgery
