ABSTRACT
Preterm labor accounts for more than 85% of perinatal morbidity, frequently requiring intensive care and presenting complications that can have consequences throughout the individual's life. More than half of preterm delivery cases have unknown causes and therefore no clear preventable etiology. From observation in epidemiological studies that demonstrated longer pregnancies in populations with high consumption of marine oils, attempts have been made to define the benefit of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) prevention in premature childbirth through randomized clinical trials, as well as its preventive value. This review discusses the relationship between prenatal supplementation of n-3 long chain PUFA during pregnancy and the incidence of preterm delivery.
El parto prematuro protagoniza más del 85% de la morbilidad perinatal, requiere con frecuencia cuidados intensivos y presenta complicaciones que pueden tener consecuencias a lo largo de la vida del individuo. Más de la mitad de los casos de parto pretérmino tienen causas desconocidas y por lo tanto ninguna etiología clara prevenible. Desde la observación en estudios epidemiológicos que demostraron embarazos más largos en poblaciones con alto consumo de aceites marinos se ha tratado de definir por medio de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados el beneficio de suplementos de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 (AGPI n-3) prevenir el parto prematuro, así como su valor preventivo. Esta revisión discute la relación entre la suplementación prenatal de n-3 de cadena larga durante el embarazo y la incidencia de parto prematuro.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 , Premature Birth , Adult , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Premature Birth/prevention & controlABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: FSHR SNPs may influence the ovarian sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous FSH stimulation. Given the paucity of data on the FSHR c.919A > G, c.2039A > G and - 29G > A SNPs in Hispanic population, we here analyzed their frequency distribution in Mexican mestizo women. METHODS: Samples from 224 Mexican mestizo women enrolled in an IVF program as well as a genotype database from 8182 Mexican mestizo subjects, were analyzed for FSHR SNPs at positions c.919, c.2039 and - 29G > A. Association between the genetic variants and reproductive outcomes was assessed. RESULTS: The c.919 and c.2039 SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium and their corresponding genotype frequencies in the IVF group were: AA 46.8%, AG 44.2%, and GG 8.9%, and AA 41.9%, AG 48.2% and GG 9.8%, respectively. For the -29G > A SNP, genotype frequencies were 27% (GG), 50% (GA) and 23% (AA). In normal oocyte donors with the c.2039 GG genotype, the number of oocytes recovered after ovarian stimulation (COS) were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than in those bearing other genotypes in this or the -29G > A SNP. Analysis of the large scale database revealed that both allelic and genotype frequencies for the three SNPs were very similar to those detected in the IVF cohort (p ≥ 0.38) and that female carriers of the c.2039 G allele tended to present lower number of pregnancies than women bearing the AA genotype; this trend was stronger when women with more Native American ancestry was separately analyzed (OR = 2.0, C.I. 95% 1.03-3.90, p = 0.04). There were no differences or trends in the number of pregnancies among the different genotypes of the -29G > A SNP. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of the GG/GG combination genotype for the c.919 and c.2039 SNPs in Mexican hispanics is among the lowest reported. The GG genotype is associated with decreased number of oocytes recovered in response to COS as well as to lower pregnancy rates in Hispanic women from the general population. The absence of any effect of the -29AA genotype on the response to COS, indicates that there is no need to perform this particular genotype testing in Hispanic women with the purpose of providing an individually-tailored COS protocol.