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1.
Cir Cir ; 91(5): 658-663, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37844886

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Open abdomen is an alternative for the management of trauma patient, and negative pressure therapy of the wound using VAC® device is a genuine sort of treatment. Although the device poses technical advantages, risks are present and a critical complication is the enteroatmospheric fistula formation (EAF). OBJECTIVE: To analize the role of negative pressure therapy length and VAC® device number of changes on the EAF formation in trauma patients udergoing open abdomen. METHOD: Cut-off points were calculated using receiver operational characteristics curve. Values were compared with Student's t or Mann-Withney U tests, considering statistically significant p < 0.05. RESULTS: EAF were present in 39 cases (5.9%). A significant difference in the presence of EAF was present in patients with negative pressure therapy of the wound length ≥ 11.2 days (46.9 vs. 1.3%; relative risk [RR]: 3.67; 95% confidence interval [95% IC]: 2.4-6.68; p = 0.017) and when ≥ 2.6 VAC® device changes were performed (34.6 vs. 0.5%; RR: 6.92; 95% IC: 1.1-4.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: At our institution, the practice of >3 VAC® device changes and length of therapy > 11 days should be carefully considered leading to reduce the risk of EAF formation.


INTRODUCCIÓN: El abdomen abierto es una alternativa para manejar al paciente traumatizado, y una variante para instituirlo es la terapia de presión negativa de la herida con el dispositivo VAC®. Aunque tiene ventajas técnicas, no está exento de riesgos y una complicación crítica es la formación de fístulas enteroatmosféricas (FEA). OBJETIVO: Analizar el papel de la duración de la terapia de presión negativa y del número de cambios del dispositivo VAC® sobre la aparición de FEA en pacientes traumatizados manejados con abdomen abierto. MÉTODO: Se establecieron puntos de corte con curva de características operacionales del receptor. Los valores se compararon con la prueba t de Student o U de Mann-Whitney, considerando p < 0.05 como valor estadísticamente significativo. RESULTADOS: La FEA se presentó en 39 casos (5.9%). Hubo una diferencia significativa en la aparición de FEA en pacientes con duración de la terapia de presión negativa de la herida ≥ 11.2 días (46.9 vs 1.3%; riesgo relativo [RR]: 3.67; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 2.4-6.68; p = 0.017) y cuando se practicaron ≥ 2.6 cambios del dispositivo VAC® (34.6 vs. 0.5%; RR: 6.92; IC95%: 1.1-4.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: En nuestra institución, la práctica de más de tres cambios del dispositivo VAC® y el mantenimiento de la terapia por más de 11 días debe ser cuidadosamente considerado para reducir el riesgo de formación de FEA.


Subject(s)
Abdominal Injuries , Intestinal Fistula , Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy , Humans , Intestinal Fistula/etiology , Intestinal Fistula/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy/adverse effects , Abdominal Injuries/complications , Abdominal Injuries/surgery , Abdomen/surgery
2.
Cir Cir ; 88(4): 500-507, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32567600

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Shotgun injuries (SGI) are infrequent, but due its special ballistics, are related to adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To analyze operative and administrative variables, critical for the institution. METHOD: Demographics and health-care related variables from SGI patients admitted to Military Central Hospital (Mexico City) between July 2006 and August 2019, were retrospectively studied. Statistics methods used were dispersion measures and relative occurrence frequency. RESULTS: Over a 15 months-span, 21 SGI patients were admitted. Mean age was 36.9 ± 13.6 years (range: 14-61) and male gender was dominant (n = 20; 95%). Type II SGI were the most common injuries (62%; 13/21). Mean hospital length of stay was 37.1 ± 28.7 days (range: 3-109) while stay at ICU was 20.3 ± 22.5 days (range: 3-99). Global rate of morbidity was 82% (17/21) and most frequent complications were infective. Global mortality rate was 24% (5/21). CONCLUSIONS: Once SGI cause prolonged length of stay, high rate of morbidity and of enormous consuming of material and human resources, primary prevention strategies are convenient for health-care systems compromised to the care of these cases.


ANTECEDENTES: Las lesiones por disparo de escopeta (LE) son infrecuentes, pero debido a su balística especial se relacionan con un pronóstico adverso. OBJETIVO: Analizar variables operativas y administrativas de los pacientes con LE, de interés para la institución. MÉTODO: Se estudiaron retrospectivamente variables demográficas y asistenciales de pacientes con LE admitidos al Hospital Central Militar (Ciudad de México) entre julio de 2006 y agosto de 2019. Los métodos estadísticos usados fueron medidas de dispersión y frecuencia relativa de ocurrencia. RESULTADOS: En 158 meses se admitieron 21 pacientes con LE. La edad media fue de 36.9 ± 13.6 años (rango: 14-61) y predominó el sexo masculino (n = 20; 95%). La LE tipo II fue la más frecuente (62%; 13/21). La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 37.1 ± 28.7 días (rango: 3-109) y en cuidados intensivos fue de 20.3 ± 22.5 días (rango: 3-99). La tasa global de morbilidad fue del 82% (17/21) y las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron infecciosas. La tasa gobal de mortalidad fue del 24% (5/21). CONCLUSIONES: Las LE son causa de estancia hospitalaria prolongada, alta tasa de morbilidad y un enorme consumo de recursos humanos y materiales, por lo que las estrategias de prevención primaria son convenientes para los sistemas de salud comprometidos con el cuidado de estos casos.


Subject(s)
Wounds, Gunshot/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Hospitals, Military/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Wounds, Gunshot/complications , Wounds, Gunshot/mortality , Wounds, Gunshot/surgery , Young Adult
3.
Cir Cir ; 88(2): 128-136, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32116313

ABSTRACT

Trauma to peripheral vascular organ is a very frequent condition during military conflicts. Fortunately, comprehensive understanding of local and systemic pathophysiology, in addition to the development of innovative surgical techniques and technological advances, have improved the outcome regarding to survival and anatomic and functional conservation of the limbs. In this manuscript, we perform an historical and state of the art review related to the approach of the peripheral vascular trauma, on the basis of an heroical episode from the Mexico City's Campaign, during North American invasion 1846-1848: the defense of Chapultepec's Castle by cadet Agustin Melgar.


El trauma del órgano vascular periférico es una condición muy frecuente en los conflictos militares. Por fortuna, la comprensión integral de la fisiopatología local y sistémica, en adición al desarrollo de técnicas quirúrgicas innovadoras y avances tecnológicos, ha mejorado el pronóstico relativo a la sobrevida y la conservación anatómica y funcional de las extremidades. En este trabajo se hace una revisión histórica y del estado actual del abordaje del trauma vascular periférico, sobre la base de un episodio heroico de la Campaña por la Ciudad de México durante la invasión norteamericana de 1846-1848: la defensa del Castillo de Chapultepec por el cadete Agustín Melgar.


Subject(s)
Blood Vessels/injuries , Military Personnel , Vascular Surgical Procedures/history , War-Related Injuries/surgery , History, 19th Century , Humans , Mexico
4.
Cir Cir ; 87(1): 106-112, 2019.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30600799

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, there are few differences between civilian and military trauma, requiring to surgeons serving at urban hospitals, the acquisition of competences leading to implementation of management strategies for these cases. For their training, instructional designs related to surgical education, incorporating multimedia resources and favoring the multichannel teaching-learning process, have demonstrated remarkable benefits on competences acquisition by participants. METHOD: Using an instructional design sustained on problems based learning and problems resolution, a digital video and its associated flat text were reviewed by the General Surgery residents, with the further application of a wide-answer problem-resolution questionnaire. Questionnaire's results were evaluated by an information-management analytic rubric, leading to obtain evidence related to competences acquisition. RESULTS: In this series, 17 general surgery residents were included. Using the didactic strategy of the instructional design, 76.5% (n = 13) of participants acquired the expected level-5 generic instrumental methodologic competence, consisting in a relevant making-decisions process for problems resolution. DISCUSSION: Incorporation of multimedia resources into instructional designs leads a significant multichannel learning and generic instrumental-methodologic competences, so that their preferential use is recommended.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Hoy en día hay pocas diferencias entre los traumatismos civiles y militares, demandando al cirujano que labora en hospitales urbanos la adquisición de competencias para implementar estrategias de manejo de los casos. Para capacitarlos, los diseños instruccionales de educación quirúrgica que incorporan recursos multimedia y favorecen el proceso multicanal de enseñanza-aprendizaje han demostrado marcados beneficios en la adquisición de competencias por los participantes. MÉTODO: Con un diseño instruccional sustentado en el aprendizaje basado en problemas y en la solución de problemas, médicos residentes de cirugía general revisaron un video digital y un texto plano asociado, aplicando posteriormente un cuestionario de resolución de problemas con respuesta amplia. Los resultados del cuestionario se evaluaron con una rúbrica analítica de manejo de información, a fin de obtener evidencia de la adquisición de competencias. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 17 residentes de cirugía general. Con la estrategia didáctica del diseño instruccional, el 76.5% (n = 13) de los participantes adquirieron la competencia genérica instrumental metodológica de nivel 5 esperada, consistente en la toma pertinente de decisiones para la resolución de problemas. DISCUSIÓN: La incorporación de recursos multimedia a los diseños instruccionales promueve significativamente el aprendizaje multicanal y la adquisición de competencias genéricas instrumentales metodológicas; por lo anterior, se recomienda su uso preferencial.


Subject(s)
Clinical Competence , Education, Medical/methods , General Surgery/education
5.
Cir Cir ; 86(4): 366-369, 2018.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30067722

ABSTRACT

Instituida bajo recomendaciones objetivas, la toracotomía en el departamento de urgencias (TDU) se ha descrito como una maniobra quirúrgica salvatoria de la vida en pacientes traumatizados in extremis. Sin embargo, hay pocos reportes acerca de la experiencia con su empleo en la actividad eléctrica sin pulso no traumática. Describimos el caso de una paciente obstétrica exanguinada por sangrado masivo transoperatorio, en la que se realizó una TDU con un resultado óptimo para la vida y la función neurológica. Adicionalmente, evaluamos la literatura correspondiente al tema, que en lo mejor de nuestro conocimiento es crítica para expandir los protocolos de abordaje del ritmo de paro cardiaco no traumático en los hospitales de alto volumen.Instituted under objective recommendations, Emergency Department Thoracotomy (EDT) has been described as a life-saving surgical maneuver in trauma patients arriving "in extremis." Nevertheless, there are few reports related to the experience regarding the use of the procedure in non-traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest. We describe the case of an obstetric patient exsanguinated by operative massive bleeding, where EDT was instituted reaching an optimal result for the survival and neurologic function. Additionally, we evaluate the literature related to this issue, which to the best of our knowledge, is critical to expand protocols of approach in non-traumatic cardiac arrest rhythm in high-volume hospitals.


Subject(s)
Emergency Treatment/methods , Heart Arrest/surgery , Thoracotomy , Adult , Female , Heart Arrest/etiology , Heart Arrest/physiopathology , Hemorrhage/complications , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic , Pulse
6.
Cir Cir ; 86(2): 161-168, 2018.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29809179

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Maternal morbidity and mortality pose a significant impact on national public health, being medical attention of obstetric emergencies (OE) and non-emergencies (ONE) of capital importance. METHODS: Descriptive and epidemiologic analysis of OE/ONE at a 3rd level military echelon. RESULTS: During a 34-months span, 48 patients were approached at the emergency department (1.4 admissions/month). Mean age: 29 ± 3 years (17-41). Eight patients (17%) were considered OE and 40 (83%) ONE. Fifty-eight percent (n = 28) of patients were admitted to our institution; 32% (n = 9) were managed under non-surgically basis and 68% (n = 19) underwent surgical therapy. Most important cause of admission: postoperative hemorrhage (22%; n = 6). Most frequent operative interventions: surgical hemostasis maneuvers (31.5%; n = 6). Eighty-two percent (n = 23) of admissions required management at intensive care unit (ICU), with mean length of stay of 6.4 ± 4.9 days (2-21). Thirty-five percent (n = 8) required mechanical ventilation. Mean score of APACHE II at ICU: 19.4 ± 8.4; predicted probability of death: 35.5%. Global morbidity rate: 27% (1.8 complications/patient). Global mortality rate: 6.2%; specific mortality for pregnant patients 0% (n = 0) and for post-partum patients12.5% (n = 3). Mortality rate at ICU: 4.3% (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Central Military Hospital has delineated and defined several procedures to decrease maternal morbidity and mortality. Appropriate practice of these procedures contributes to reach the desired institutional objectives.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La morbimortalidad materna posee un significativo impacto en la salud pública nacional, siendo la atención médica de las emergencias obstétricas (EO) y urgencias obstétricas (UO) de capital importancia. MÉTODO: Análisis descriptivo y epidemiológico de EO/UO en un escalón militar de tercer nivel. RESULTADOS: Durante 34 meses se abordaron en el departamento de urgencias 48 pacientes (1.4 admisiones/mes). La edad media fue de 29 ± 3 años (rango: 17-41). Ocho pacientes (17%) se consideraron EO y 40 (83%) UO. El 58% (n = 28) de las pacientes se admitieron a la institución; el 32% (n = 9) se manejaron médicamente y el 68% (n = 19) con tratamiento quirúrgico. La causa más importante de admisión fue la hemorragia posoperatoria (22%; n = 6). Las intervenciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes fueron maniobras de hemostasia quirúrgica (31.5%; n = 6). El 82% (n = 23) de las admisiones requirieron manejo en la unidad de medicina intensiva (UMI), con una estancia media de 6.4 ± 4.9 días (rango: 2-21). El 35% (n = 8) requirieron ventilación mecánica. La puntuación media APACHE II en la UMI fue de 19.4 ± 8.4, y la probabilidad predicha de muerte fue del 35.5%. La tasa global de morbilidad fue del 27% (1.8 complicaciones/paciente). La tasa de mortalidad global fue del 6.2%; la mortalidad específica para pacientes embarazadas del 0% (n = 0) y para pacientes puérperas del 12.5% (n = 3). La tasa de mortalidad en la UMI fue del 4.3% (n = 1). CONCLUSIONES: El Hospital Central Militar ha delineado y definido diversos procedimientos para abatir la morbimortalidad maternas. La correcta práctica de estos procedimientos contribuirá a alcanzar los objetivos institucionales deseados.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Emergencies , Emergency Treatment , Female , Hospitals, Military , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Young Adult
7.
J Am Coll Surg ; 203(4): 512-20, 2006 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17000395

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Femoral vessel injuries are the most common vascular injuries treated in a Level I trauma center. No studies have identified risk factors for survival and complications. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective, 132-month study that included univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: We studied 204 patients with 298 vessel injuries: 204 were arterial, 94 were venous. Mean age (+/- SD) was 29+/-13 years and mean Injury Severity Score (+/- SD) was 17+/-8. There were 176 (86%) penetrating injuries and 28 (14%) blunt injuries. Arterial repairs included: reverse saphenous vein graft bypass, 108 (53%); primary repair, 53 (26%); PTFE, 21 (10.2%); ligation, 13 (6.4%); and vein patch, 9 (4.4%). Venous repairs included: ligation, 49 (52%); primary repair, 41 (44%); and bypass, 4 (4%). Fasciotomies included: calf, 56 (27%); thigh, 25 (12%); traumatic amputations, 6 (3%); and delayed amputations, 0. Overall survival rate was 91% (186 of 204), and adjusted survival was 95% (excluding emergency department thoracotomy deaths). There were 1 or more complications in 47 (23%), including wound infection, 31 (15%); venous thrombosis, 6 (3%); bleeding, 5 (2.5%); ARDS, 4 (2%); and arterial thrombosis, 1 (0.5%). Predictors of mortality were age>45 years, Injury Severity Score>25, common femoral artery injury, associated venous and abdominal injury, hypotension, hypothermia, and acidosis; coagulopathy in the operating room and the need for PTFE repair also predicted outcomes. Predictors of postoperative complications were intraoperative hypotension, arterial intimal injury, bony fracture, and thoracic injury. CONCLUSIONS: Although survival and limb salvage rates are high for femoral vessel injuries, these injuries incur high complication rates. Independent predictors for mortality are: Injury Severity Score > 25, Glasgow Coma Scale 28, presence of coagulopathy in the operating room, presence of two or more vascular signs, and age > 45 years.


Subject(s)
Femoral Artery/injuries , Femoral Artery/surgery , Femoral Vein/injuries , Femoral Vein/surgery , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/surgery , Wounds, Penetrating/surgery , Adult , Amputation, Surgical , Female , Humans , Injury Severity Score , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complications , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/mortality , Wounds, Penetrating/complications , Wounds, Penetrating/mortality
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