Role of demographic variables in investigating occupational stress of disaster and emergency medical management center.

BACKGROUND: Emergency medical services face stressful environments such as departments dealing with injuries and sick patients that pose challenging situations for the healthcare staff. This present study investigates the role of demographic variables in investigating occupational stress of disaster and emergency medical management center in 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This present descriptive study selected a sample size of 200 medical personnel associated with disaster and emergency medical management center in Iran, according to the inclusion chosen criteria. The study used a tool consisting of two parts, including demographic information and a job stress Health and Safety Executive (HSE) standard questionnaire. The study selected respondents through Cochran's sample size formula using stratified random sampling with a cross-sectional research design for data collection. This present study has analyzed received data using performed the descriptive and inferential information (t-test and one-way ANOVA) at a significance level P < 0.05. The participants of the survey were males only. RESULTS: The study results specified that the mean age of respondents was 30.14 ± 5.96. The study results exhibited that the mean score of total occupational stress was 3.41 ± 0.26. The results showed the highest (4.34 ± 0.35) and the lowest (2.72 ± 0.86) stress levels were related to role dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings revealed a significant relationship between stress level and participants' age, marital status, educational level, type of base, workplace, and the number of work hours per month. Emergency medical personnel experience a high level of occupational stress. Senior managers can use similar studies to implement measures to reduce the experience of employees' stress.

An overview of 2019 novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic: A review study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. It is now known as a pandemic and a global crisis due to rapid human-to-human transmission with the vast expansion that has affected almost all countries. The primary source of the disease is still unknown, but it is possible that the virus was transmitted through bat to an intermediate host and then to humans. The main and early symptoms of COVID-19 infection are fatigue, fever, dry cough, myalgia, and dyspnea. The incubation period of the disease is about 2-14 days, which is one of the important parameters for planning to prevent disease outbreak. PT-polymerase chain reaction test is used to diagnose the disease; chest computed tomography scan, chest X-ray, blood tests, and symptoms are also very helpful in diagnosing the disease. There is a strong emphasis on controlling infections and hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of the disease. There is not enough knowledge about this disease yet, and there are no specific vaccines or medications available to prevent and treat this disease. The current review study uses articles indexed on databases of Embase, Elsevier, PubMed, and World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and keywords of coronavirus, COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome and China.

Effect of family presence on pain and anxiety levels among patients during invasive nursing procedures in an emergency department at a public hospital in Western Iran.

INTRODUCTION: It is widely accepted that pain is the most common complaint during invasive nursing procedures, which causes anxiety in patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of family presence on the level of pain and anxiety of patients during invasive nursing procedures in an emergency centre in 2019. METHODS: The present non-randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 70 patients referred to emergency centre at selected hospital affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2018, who were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (even days) and control (odd days). The invasive nursing procedure was performed for the intervention group in the family presence for physical and psychological support and for the control group without the family presence. Data collection tools were the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). SPSS version 23 software was used to compare the mean scores of pain and anxiety using independent t-test. RESULTS: The mean pain score after the invasive procedure had no significant difference between the intervention group (3.9 ± 1.5) and the control group (4.7 ± 1.9) (P = 0.073). In the intervention group, the mean score of anxiety after invasive procedure was significantly lower than before the invasive procedure (P = 0.028), whereas the control group showed no change (P = 0.556). CONCLUSION: The family presence during the invasive nursing procedures reduced the anxiety of patients but had no effect on their pain. Emergency nurses can take advantage of family presence during invasive procedures as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce patients' anxiety.