[Emotional intelligence among undergraduate students of health care careers]. / Inteligencia emocional y perfil sociodemográfico en estudiantes de primer año de una facultad de Medicina.

BACKGROUND: Emotional Intelligence (EI) in students is related with physical and psychological well-being, personal satisfaction, and better academic performance. AIM: To assess EI in students from eight health careers at the beginning and end of a year of university experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sociodemographic and EI questionnaires were answered by 364 first-year students (74% women) at the beginning and end of the academic year. The EI questionnaire comprised attention, understanding and regulation of emotions subscales. RESULTS: The mean EI score increased at the end of the academic year from 79.5 to 81.2 (p < 0.01). A similar trend was observed in the subscales of emotional attention and emotional clarity. No significant differences between sexes were observed. First-year medical students had higher scores on all subscales, both at the beginning and end of the academic year. In all students, the subscale with the highest score was emotional repair. CONCLUSIONS: Tools to diagnose students' strengths and weaknesses are relevant for higher education institutions. These tools facilitate the implementation of educational and personal improvement strategies.

Malnutrición por exceso, alteraciones de salud mental y autoconcepto en población infanto-juvenil: revisión integrativa / Malnutrition due to excess, mental health disorders and self-concept in children and adolescents: an integrative review / Desnutrição por excesso, transtornos mentais e autoconceito em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão integrativa

Introducción: Tanto la malnutrición por exceso como enfermedades de salud mental han afectado a los jóvenes y se ha buscado conocer cómo repercuten entre sí. El objetivo de esta revisión fue determinar si la malnutrición por exceso afecta la salud mental y/o el autoconcepto de la población infanto-juvenil. Material y método: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura en el período comprendido entre los años 2016 a 2021 a través de las bases de datos: PubMed, LILACS y EBSCO. Se identificaron 3.985 artículos de forma inicial, en donde sólo 9 cumplían criterios de inclusión y exclusión, dentro de los cuales destaca la disponibilidad del texto completo de forma gratuita o mediante las bases de datos de la Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello. Resultados: Los niños/adolescentes diagnosticados con problemas de malnutrición por exceso experimentan dificultades psicosociales por su autopercepción, dependiendo no sólo de su condición física, sino también de factores socioeconómicos, familiares y sociales, estableciéndose una relación directa bidireccional. Discusión: A partir de la primera infancia se adquieren ciertas pautas de comportamiento y aprendizajes que guían las conductas de cada individuo, dentro de estas pautas se encuentran los estereotipos de género, estándares de belleza implantados por la sociedad y medios de comunicación, estos se encuentran directamente relacionados con los problemas de autopercepción y autoestima presentes en la población infanto-juvenil, afectando en mayor porcentaje al género femenino. Conclusión: Los profesionales de Enfermería deben intervenir desde temprana edad en la promoción y prevención de la salud física y mental en la población infanto-juvenil.

Introduction: Both malnutrition due to excess and mental health diseases have affected young people and it has been sought to know how they affect each other. The objective of this review was to determine if malnutrition due to excess affects the mental health and/or self-concept of the child and adolescent population. Material and method: An integrative review of the literature was carried out in the period between 2016 and 2021 through the databases: PubMed, LILACS and EBSCO. Initially, 3,985 articles were identified, where only 9 met inclusion and exclusion criteria, among which the availability of the full text for free or through the databases of the Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello stands out. Results: Children/adolescents diagnosed with problems of malnutrition due to excess experience psychosocial difficulties due to their self-perception, depending not only on their physical condition, but also on socioeconomic, family and social factors, establishing a direct bidirectional relationship. Discussion: From early childhood certain patterns of behavior and learning are acquired that guide the behavior of each individual, within these guidelines are gender stereotypes, beauty standards implemented by society and the media, these are directly related to the problems of self-perception and self-esteem present in the child-juvenile population, affecting the female gender in a greater percentage. Conclusion: Nursing professionals should intervene from an early age in the promotion and prevention of physical and mental health in the child and adolescent population.

Introdução: Tanto a desnutrição por excesso quanto as doenças de saúde mental têm afetado os jovens e tem-se procurado saber como elas afetam umas às outras. O objetivo desta revisão foi de-terminar se a desnutrição por excesso afeta a saúde mental e/ou autoconceito da população infantil e adolescente. Material e método: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura no período entre 2016 e 2021 por meio das bases de dados: PubMed, LILACS e EBSCO. Inicialmente, foram identificados 3.985 artigos, onde apenas 9 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, dentre os quais se destaca a disponibilização do texto completo gratuitamente ou por meio das bases de dados da Universidade Nacional Andrés Bello. Resultados: As crianças/adolescentes diagnostica-das com problemas de desnutrição por excesso vivenciam dificuldades psicossociais devido à sua autopercepção, dependendo não apenas de sua condição física, mas também de fatores socioeconômicos, familiares e sociais, estabelecendo uma relação direta bidirecional. Discussão: Desde a primeira infância são adquiridos determinados padrões de comportamento e aprendizagem que orientam o comportamento de cada indivíduo, dentro dessas diretrizes estão os estereótipos de gênero, padrões de beleza implementados pela sociedade e pela mídia, estes estão diretamente relacionados aos problemas de autopercepção e autoconhecimento presente na população infanto-juvenil, afetando em maior percentual o gênero feminino. Conclusão: Os profissionais de enfermagem devem intervir desde cedo na promoção e prevenção da saúde física e mental da população infanto-juvenil.

Inteligencia emocional y perfil sociodemográfico en estudiantes de primer año de una facultad de Medicina / Emotional intelligence among undergraduate students of health care careers

BACKGROUND: Emotional Intelligence (EI) in students is related with physical and psychological well-being, personal satisfaction, and better academic performance. Aim: To assess EI in students from eight health careers at the beginning and end of a year of university experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sociodemographic and EI questionnaires were answered by 364 first-year students (74% women) at the beginning and end of the academic year. The EI questionnaire comprised attention, understanding and regulation of emotions subscales. RESULTS: The mean EI score increased at the end of the academic year from 79.5 to 81.2 (p < 0.01). A similar trend was observed in the subscales of emotional attention and emotional clarity. No significant differences between sexes were observed. First-year medical students had higher scores on all subscales, both at the beginning and end of the academic year. In all students, the subscale with the highest score was emotional repair. CONCLUSIONS: Tools to diagnose students' strengths and weaknesses are relevant for higher education institutions. These tools facilitate the implementation of educational and personal improvement strategies.