Pérdida auditiva y exposición laboral a ruido en minería: una revisión sistemática / Occupational hearing loss and noise exposure in mining: a systematic review

Objetivo: Revisar y analizar la pérdida auditiva derivada de la exposición laboral a ruido en los trabajadores del sector de la minería. Método: Análisis crítico de los trabajos recuperados mediante revisión sistemática en MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, MEDES y TESEO hasta noviembre de 2021. La ecuación de búsqueda se formuló́ mediante los descriptores «Mining», «Occupational noise» y «Occupational Hearing Loss», utilizando también los DeCs, Entry Terms, términos del Diccionario Embase relacionados y los filtros: «2006» y «English», «Spanish», «French» y «Portuguese». La calidad de los artículos se evaluó mediante el cuestionario STROBE y el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación mediante los criterios SIGN. Resultados: De las 703 referencias recuperadas (todas digitalmente) tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 13 artículos. La evaluación mediante STROBE dio una media de 14.90 y según los criterios SIGN se obtuvo un grado de evidencia 3 y recomendación D. La obsolescencia de las publicaciones fue moderada (semiperiodo de Burton-Kebler: 6.00; índice de Price: 23,08%). Conclusiones: Los trabajos revisados presentaron un índice de obsolescencia adecuado sin embargo, su grado de evidencia y recomendación impidieron asegurar por completo la validez y fiabilidad de las observaciones realizadas. Los resultados mostraron asociación entre la exposición laboral a ruido y la périda auditiva entre los trabajadores del sector minero (AU)

Objective: To systematically review and analyze the occupational noise induced hearing loss in the mining industry workers. Method: Critical analysis of studies retrieved by systematic review of MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, MEDES and TESEO through November 2021. The search strategy was developed by means of the descriptors «Mining», «Occupational Noise» and «Occupational Hearing Loss», as well as by using related DeCs Terms, entry Terms, Embase’s diccionary and the filters «from 2006» and English», «Spanish», «French» y «Portuguese ». Study quality was assessed using the STROBE questionnaire, and the level of evidence and grade of recommendation via the SIGN criteria. Results: Out of 703 references identified (all digitally) and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles were selected. The STROBE evaluation yielded a mean score of 14.90, and the SIGN criteria a 3 level of evidence and a D grade of recommendation. Article obsolescence was moderate (Burton-Kebler half-life: 6.00; Price index: 23.08%). Conclusions: This systematic review revealed an adequate level of obsolescence but degrees of evidence and recommendation limit the validity and reliability of the observations. Results indicated an association between occupational noise exposure and hearing loss in workers from the mining industry (AU)

A new and simple scoring system to predict overall survival after irradiation for metastatic spinal cord compression.

PURPOSE: To develop a model that predicts survival in patients irradiated for metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC), hence assisting in the decision between a short and a long-course radiotherapy (RT) regimen. METHODS: 138 patients diagnosed with MSCC and treated with RT alone were included. Based on a multivariate analysis, a scoring system was developed. It included four prognostic variables: age, number of vertebrae, ECOG and histology. Total scores ranged between 14 and 24 points and patients were divided into two groups. RESULTS: The 6-month survival rate was 22% for patients with a score of 14-18 points; and 69% for patients with a score of 19-24 points (P < 0.001). The system exhibits a high specificity and positive predictive value and an appropriate discriminative ability. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with scores between 19 and 24 points were found to survive longer, thus a long-course RT appears to be more appropriate.

Different hCG assays to measure ectopic hCG secretion in bladder carcinoma patients.

We evaluated the clinical performance of assays measuring intact human chorionic gonadotropin alone (i-hCG), intact and nicked human chorionic gonadotropin (i-hCG and hCGn), free beta-subunit (free beta-hCG) and total beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (t-hCG) using different commercial kits, in a group of bladder carcinoma patients with ectopic human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion, at diagnosis and during treatment. The diagnostic sensitivity obtained ranged between 63.6% and 75.7% (t-hCG assays), 72.7% (free beta-hCG assay), 18.2% (i-hCG and hCGn) and 6% (i-hCG assay). Median increases of hCG during treatment in patients with chemotherapy resistance ranged from 4.9 to 6.9 for t-hCG and free beta-hCG assays and from 1.4 to 3.2 for i-hCG and i-hCG plus hCGn assays. Median decreases when chemotherapy was efficient ranged from 2.8 to 3.3 (t-hCG and free beta-hCG assays) and from 1.1 to 1.5 (i-hCG and i-hCG plus hCGn assays). We conclude that t-hCG and free beta-hCG are the most suitable assays for the management of bladder carcinoma patients as the ectopic secretion of chorionic gonadotropin is mainly due to the free beta-subunit.

Alpha-fetoprotein-concanavalin A binding as a marker to discriminate between germ cell tumours and liver diseases.

In order to differentiate whether slight alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) increases observed in any patient are due to germ cell tumours (GCT) or to liver diseases (including hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy), we measured the binding ratio of the AFP to concanavalin A (ConA). A total of 218 serum samples were studied: 102 samples from 72 GCT patients and 116 from patients with liver diseases. Considering a cut-off value to be a ConA binding ratio of 15%, we distinguished AFP produced by GCT (> 15%) from AFP produced by tumoral and non-tumoral liver diseases (< or = 15%) with a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 100%. The difference between mean ConA binding ratios was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). We did not distinguish AFP produced by tumoral and non-tumoral liver diseases. ConA binding ratio may be a sensitive index to distinguish whether an increase of AFP concentration as low as 15 U/ml in a GCT patient during the follow-up is produced by the tumour or by liver dysfunction (including hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy).

Dipyrone interference on several common biochemical tests.

We studied the effect in vitro and in vivo of dipyrone on the determination of several biochemical tests in two analyzers, a Hitachi 747 and a Kodak Ektachem 700. From studies in vitro, we found significant interference by dipyrone (P < 0.05) in the determination of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), uric acid, triglycerides, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and urea nitrogen with both instruments, and in the determination of creatinine in the Ektachem analyzer. We also studied the effect of intravenously administered dipyrone in 14 patients. Dipyrone interfered significantly (P < 0.05) in the determination of CK, LD, uric acid, triglycerides, and cholesterol with both instruments, and creatinine only with the Ektachem analyzer. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we measured concentrations of dipyrone in the serum of patients who had received the drug and observed a negative correlation between the concentrations of dipyrone in the blood and the percentage of each analyte concentration.