ABSTRACT
From the minigranules of the theophylline-based that prepared by extrusion-spheronization, the authors have envisaged the study of one of the parameters of operation (spheronizer speed) on the physical properties and lyoavailability of the active ingredient. It emerges that there is a clear influence of that parameters on the particle size distribution, the hardness, the friability, the density and the lyoavailability.
Subject(s)
Drug Compounding/methods , Theophylline/chemistry , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Powders , Solubility , Theophylline/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics were studied in patients with cirrhosis who had been classified in three groups (A, B, and C) according to the degree of liver failure (modified Pugh's classification). In patients of group A, cardiac index was significantly lower than that of group C and systemic vascular resistance was higher, but not significantly so, than that of patients with liver failure. Wedged hepatic venous pressure was significantly lower in the former group than in the latter. In patients in group B, corresponding values fell between those of groups A and C. Azygos blood flow averaged 0.477 +/- 0.242 l/min (mean +/- SD) in group A and it was significantly lower than in groups B and C (0.642 +/- 0.224 and 1.061 +/- 0.476 l/min, respectively). In the three groups, acute administration of propranolol induced statistically significant changes in systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics. In patients of group C but not of group B, the mean value of azygos blood flow after propranolol remained significantly higher than in group A. Moreover, the fraction of azygos blood flow to cardiac output decreased in groups A and B while slightly increased in group C. This study shows that in patients with cirrhosis, the degree of liver failure may be a determinant for the haemodynamic responses to drugs acting on portal hypertension.
Subject(s)
Hemodynamics/drug effects , Liver Cirrhosis/physiopathology , Propranolol/therapeutic use , Splanchnic Circulation/drug effects , Female , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The authors report the case of a woman with Löfgren's syndrome who developed renal failure associated with abnormalities of acidification and concentration of the urine. In the absence of a phosphate-calcium metabolic disturbance, these signs were attributed to a granulomatous interstitial nephropathy demonstrated on renal biopsy. These abnormalities regressed completely with steroid therapy. Secondary renal failure due to an isolated granulomatous interstitial nephropathy is exceptionally rare in sarcoidosis and has never been previously reported in Löfgren's syndrome.
Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Nephritis, Interstitial/etiology , Sarcoidosis/complications , Adult , Female , Granuloma/etiology , Humans , Kidney/pathology , Nephritis, Interstitial/pathologyABSTRACT
Studies of the type presented here have rarely been undertaken and should be useful in surgery and pathology of the inner and middle ear. Samples of perilymph were collected during stapedectomy in patients with otosclerosis. In view of the very small volume of perilymph obtainable from each patient's vestibule (2 to 4 microliter), the only assay method that could be used to measure drug levels was thin layer chromatography on silica gel. Despite pooling of the perilymphs of 5 patients, trimethoprim (TMP) levels could not be measured but the authors were able to demonstrate that sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) does penetrate into the perilymph. Since the TMP-SMZ combination (co-trimoxazole) is active against the pathogens usually encountered in middle ear fluids, it is concluded that the drug could be of benefit in the treatment of middle and inner ear infections or after surgical operations on this area.