ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is widely used for surfactant delivery to spontaneously breathing preterm infants on nasal CPAP. However, the use of analgesia and/or sedation for the LISA procedure remains controversial. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of all tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland to assess current practices of analgosedation for LISA in preterm infants. RESULTS: Eighty-eight of 172 (51.2%) NICUs responded to the survey, of which 83 (94.3%) perform LISA. Analgosedation for LISA is used in 60 (72.3%) NICUs. Twenty-eight of those (46.7%) have unit protocols to guide analgosedation while 32 (53.3%) administer medication at the discretion of the attending physician. Ketamine (45.0% of NICUs), propofol (41.7%), fentanyl (21.7%), morphine (20.0%), and midazolam (20.0%) were most frequently used for analgosedation for LISA. Nine (10.7%) NICUs reported the use of pain or distress scores during LISA. CONCLUSION: LISA is well established among tertiary NICUs in the German-speaking countries. However, there are considerable variations regarding the use of analgosedation. More evidence is required to guide clinicians seeking to safely and effectively deliver surfactant via a thin catheter to spontaneously breathing preterm infants.