Nutritional status at age 1 year in patients born with esophageal atresia: A population-based, prospective cohort study.

Objective: Despite recent progress in caring for patients born with esophageal atresia (EA), undernutrition and stunting remain common. Our study objective was to assess nutritional status in the first year after birth with EA and to identify factors associated with growth failure. Study design: We conducted a population-based study of all infants born in France with EA between 2010 and 2016. Through the national EA register, we collected prenatal to 1 year follow-up data. We used body mass index and length-for-age ratio Z scores to define patients who were undernourished and stunted, respectively. Factors with P < 0.20 in univariate analyses were retained in a logistic regression model. Results: Among 1,154 patients born with EA, body mass index and length-for-age ratio Z scores at 1 year were available for about 61%. Among these, 15.2% were undernourished and 19% were stunted at the age of 1 year. There was no significant catch-up between ages 6 months and 1 year. Patients born preterm (41%), small for gestational age (17%), or with associated abnormalities (55%) were at higher risk of undernutrition and stunting at age 1 year (P < 0.05). Neither EA type nor surgical treatment was associated with growth failure. Conclusion: Undernutrition and stunting are common during the first year after birth in patients born with EA. These outcomes are significantly influenced by early factors, regardless of EA type or surgical management. Identifying high-risk patient groups with EA (i.e., those born preterm, small for gestational age, and/or with associated abnormalities) may guide early nutritional support strategies.

Two simple modifications can potentially change the future of proximal hypospadias surgery. Our series and a review of the literature.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To draw a hint towards two simple modifications that could potentially decrease the complication rate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was a single center, single operator and retrospective study. All patients with severe hypospadias operated according to koyanagi with or without modifications were presented. The surgical technique was described. Complications like fistula, stenosis, dehiscence and urethral diverticulum were studied. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Nineteen patients were included and presented in a chronological manner. The first four patients were operated according to the original koyanagi technique. The next 15 patients were operated according to koyanagi and the urethroplasty was covered by a tunica vaginalis flap. In 10 of them, glanduloplasty was done primarily and in the last 5 patients, glanduloplasty was done as a secondary procedure. The complication rates were 100% in the original koyanagi group, and 0% in the subset were glanduoplasty was deferred. CONCLUSIONS: Systematically covering the urethroplasty with a tunica vaginalis flap and deferring the glanuloplasty might ameliorate the results of the koyanagi technique.

Esophageal Atresia and Respiratory Morbidity.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Respiratory diseases are common in children with esophageal atresia (EA), leading to increased morbidity and mortality in the first year. The primary study objective was to identify the factors associated with readmissions for respiratory causes in the first year in EA children. METHODS: A population-based study. We included all children born between 2008 and 2016 with available data and analyzed factors at birth and 1 year follow-up. Factors with a P value <.10 in univariate analyses were retained in logistic regression models. RESULTS: Among 1460 patients born with EA, 97 (7%) were deceased before the age of 1 year, and follow-up data were available for 1287 patients, who constituted our study population. EAs were Ladd classification type III or IV in 89%, preterm birth was observed in 38%, and associated malformations were observed in 52%. Collectively, 61% were readmitted after initial discharge in the first year, 31% for a respiratory cause. Among these, respiratory infections occurred in 64%, and 35% received a respiratory treatment. In logistic regression models, factors associated with readmission for a respiratory cause were recurrence of tracheoesophageal fistula, aortopexy, antireflux surgery, and tube feeding; factors associated with respiratory treatment were male sex and laryngeal cleft. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory morbidity in the first year after EA repair is frequent, accounting for >50% of readmissions. Identifying high risk groups of EA patients (ie, those with chronic aspiration, anomalies of the respiratory tract, and need for tube feeding) may guide follow-up strategies.

Results from the French National Esophageal Atresia register: one-year outcome.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present national prospective population-based study was to assess the early morbidity of esophageal atresia (EA). METHODS: All 38 multidisciplinary French centers that care for patients with EA returned a specific questionnaire about the 1-year outcome for each patient. This information was centralized, checked, and entered into a database. RESULTS: From the total population of 307 EA patients born in 2008 and 2009, data about the 1-year outcome were obtained from 301 (98%) patients, of whom 4% were lost to follow-up and 5% died. Medical complications occurred in 34% of the patients: anastomotic leaks (8%), recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (4%), and anastomotic stenosis (22%); all of the latter group needed dilation (median, 2 dilations/patient). A new hospitalization was required for 59% of patients (2.5 hospitalizations/patient) for digestive (52%) or respiratory (48%) reasons. Twelve percent of patients required antireflux surgery at a median age of 164 days (range, 33-398 days), and 1% underwent an aortopexy for severe tracheomalacia. The weight/age Z-score was -0.8 (range, -5.5 to 3.7 months) at 12 months. Fifteen percent of patients were undernourished at 12 months of age, whereas 37% presented with respiratory symptoms and 15% had dysphagia at the last follow-up. Significant independent factors associated with medical complications were anastomotic esophageal tension (p = .0009) and presence of a gastrostomy (p = .0002); exclusive oral feeding at discharge was associated with a decreased risk of complications (p = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Digestive and respiratory morbidities remain frequent during the first year of life and are associated with difficult anastomosis and lack of full oral feeding.

Laparoscopic treatment of renal cancer in children: a multicentric study and review of oncologic and surgical complications.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to report a multicentric study with a longer follow-up to evaluate the laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in children with renal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective multicentric study, from October 2005 to January 2012, of children who underwent a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for small renal malignant tumors. RESULTS: Seventeen children were included in this study. Sixteen underwent chemotherapy before surgery according the SIOP (Société Internationale d'Oncologie Pédiatrique) protocol and one was treated by surgery only for a carcinoma. All except one could be treated by laparoscopy; the biggest tumoral size was 8 cm. The median hospital stay was 3 days (2-10). The pathologic examination showed 15 Wilms' tumors, one clear cell sarcoma and one TFE3 renal cell carcinoma. With a median follow-up of 42 months (range 12 and 77 months) after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, 15 children had no oncological complications (port site or local recurrence, pulmonary metastasis) and one had a local recurrence without intraoperative tumoral rupture. The child with TFE3 renal cell carcinoma died 4 years after surgery from brain and lung metastases without local recurrence. No small bowel obstruction occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Radical nephrectomy in children for Wilms' tumor or other renal cancer can be safely performed laparoscopically and our indications can be summarized, for trained laparoscopic surgeons, by small tumors under about 8 cm diameter, especially without crossing the lateral edge of the vertebra on the CT scan at the time of surgery.

Endoscopic management of a tubular esophageal duplication diagnosed in adolescence (with videos).

BACKGROUND: Esophageal duplication is a rare congenital lesion. Surgery is the standard treatment. Tubular duplication is extremely rare, with esophageal communication in very few cases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to document the feasibility of the endoscopic management of tubular esophageal duplication. DESIGN: Case report. INTERVENTION: A 14-year-old boy presented with acute dysphagia and acute retrosternal pain. Based on his radiographic and endoscopic findings, a cystic esophageal duplication with an upper esophageal stricture was initially suspected. A laparoscopic gastrostomy was performed. A cyst resection through right thoracoscopy assisted by flexible endoscopy was decided upon. When no extraluminal cystic duplication was found, a tubular duplication was considered and the procedure was abandoned. An endoscopic treatment was performed. A standard endoscope was inserted through an upper esophageal stricture. Two lumens were identified 25 cm from the incisors. A pediatric endoscope was passed through the main one, revealing a thick intraluminal bridge. By using a guidewire, the endoscope's passage into the narrow lumen revealed a distal communication with the esophagus. With the guidewire left in place, the endoscope was reintroduced into the main lumen. A lengthwise incision of the bridge was performed by using a needle knife. At the end of the procedure, an esophageal dilation was performed. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of duplication. RESULTS: The endoscopic incision of the duplication was completed uneventfully. For 11 months, the patient followed a normal diet and experienced no symptoms. LIMITATIONS: Single case. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful endoscopic incision of a total tubular esophageal duplication.

[Vesicoureteric reflux in children: long-term results of endoscopic treatment by Macroplastique injection]. / Reflux vésico-urétéral chez l'enfant: résultats à long terme du traitement endoscopique par injection de Macroplastique.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy (from the fifth year after injection and up to seven years) of endoscopic treatment by Macroplastique implant for vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in children, sometimes associated with urological malformations or renal complications. The secondary objective was to evaluate the local tolerance of the Macroplastique implant and the development of any local (haematuria, stones, ureteric stasis) or distant complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the medical files of 389 patients, representing a total of 590 refluxing ureters treated by Macroplastique injection in eight different centres. RESULTS: With a follow-up of 5 to 7 years, reflux had not recurred in 309 of the 389 cases, i.e. 79.4% of cases and no case of ureteric stricture was observed. CONCLUSION: The good short-term results in terms of correction of reflux by Macroplastique injection and the very low morbidity are maintained with time. It therefore appears legitimate to propose endoscopic treatment of VUR by first-line Macroplastique injection instead of surgical ureteric reimplantation.