Subject(s)
Anesthesiologists , Anesthesiology , Female , Humans , Anxiety Disorders , Medical Staff, Hospital , Self ConceptABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The benefit of using neuromuscular-blocking agents to facilitate tracheal intubation in pediatric patients remains unclear due to variations in design, treatments, and results among trials. By combining the available evidence, we aimed to establish whether scientific findings are consistent and can be generalized across various populations, settings, and treatments. METHODS: A systematic search for randomized controlled trials, related to the use of neuromuscular-blocking agents for tracheal intubation in American Society of Anesthesiologists class I-II participants (0-12 years), was performed. We considered all randomized controlled trials that studied whether intubation conditions and hemodynamics obtained by using neuromuscular-blocking agents were equivalent to those that were achieved without neuromuscular-blocking agents. We combined the outcomes in Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan, The Cochrane Collaboration) by pairwise random-effects meta-analysis using a risk ratio (RR) for intubation conditions and mean difference for hemodynamic values (mean [95% Confidence Intervals]). Heterogeneity among trials was explored using sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: We identified 22 eligible randomized controlled trials with 1651 participants. Overall, the use of a neuromuscular-blocking agent was associated with a clinically important increase in the likelihood of both excellent (RR = 1.41 [1.19-1.68], I2 = 76%) and acceptable (RR = 1.13 [1.07-1.19], I2 = 68%) intubating conditions. There is strong evidence that both unacceptable intubation conditions (RR = 0.35 [0.22-0.46], I2 = 23%) and failed first intubation attempts (RR = 0.25 [0.14-0.42], I2 = 0%) were less likely to occur when a neuromuscular-blocking agent was used compared with when it was not. Higher systolic or mean arterial pressures (mean difference = 13.3 [9.1-17.5] mm Hg, I2 = 69%) and heart rates (mean difference = 15.9 [11.0-20.8] beats/min, I2 = 75%) as well as a lower incidence of arrhythmias were observed when tracheal intubation was facilitated by neuromuscular-blocking agents. CONCLUSION: The use of a neuromuscular-blocking agent during light-to-moderate depth of anesthesia can improve the quality as well as the success rate of tracheal intubation and is associated with better hemodynamic stability during induction of anesthesia.
Subject(s)
Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/administration & dosage , Pediatrics/methods , Child , HumansSubject(s)
Anesthesia, General , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Fibroma/surgery , Mediastinal Neoplasms/surgery , Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods , Anesthetics, Inhalation , Anesthetics, Intravenous , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Methyl Ethers , Midazolam , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents , Pancuronium , Sevoflurane , SufentanilABSTRACT
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the fastest method for diagnosing aortic dissection type A and allows 3D TEE, even in hemodynamically instable patients. 3D TEE may provide additional information on aortic morphology, the involvement of coronary arteries by the dissection and aortic valve function. In this regard 2D and 3D TEE might become the diagnostic method of choice in hemodynamically instable patients.
