[The use of mathematical models to describe the kinetics of human neutrophils attachment to the substrate in vitro].

The kinetics of morphometric parameters (perimeter, square, compactness) of human blood neutrophils, which attached to a glass slide, was described by the equations similar to the kinetic equations of the first order irreversible reactions. The calculated values of morphometric parameters of neutrophils in suspension, and attached ones are consistent to literature data. It was found that the compactness of neutrophils does not change in the process of the attachment. Time of termination in the process of attachment was found using the kinetic equations and amount to about 3 h.

[The choice of the time for the application of a magnetic field based on hemodynamic parameters].

The objective of the present study was to develop a criterion for the choice of the time for the application of an alternating magnetic field (MF) based on the results of the treatment of 25 healthy female volunteers aged between 22 and 26 years on day 7 of the menstrual cycle. The 0-50 Hz magnetic field with magnetic induction (2-10 mT) and modulation depth in the range from 0-100% was applied to the abdominal region for 20 minutes. Characteristics of the magnetic field were chosen on an individual basis taking into consideration the age, sex, height, body weight, basal metabolism, and the type of blood circulation. The efficacy of influence of the magnetic field was estimated from rheographic characteristics. It is concluded that the duration of magnetic field application should be restricted to the time during which the maximum of the differential rheogram increases by not more than 10% of its initial value.

[Peripheral blood neutrophil subpopulations and capacities of NBT test in the diagnosis of neonatal diseases].

By analyzing the data available in the literature, the author shows new capacities of the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test in the diagnosis of neonatal diseases and conditions. The findings versus the, data obtained in adult patients are characterized. The NBT test has been used to determine changes in neutrophil subpopulations. The kinetic parameters of the process are analyzed.

[Concept problem "the functional condition" in modern physiology].

The concept "functional state" is discussing with attraction notion about fundamental components of live organism: substance, structure, production of energy and information, entropy. In the specified terms is giving working definition of functional condition. From such of positions the normal functional state, and its making--physiological state and psychological state, is considered.

[Gerasimov effect of an alternating magnetic field on clinical characteristics of peripheral blood from women suffering tuboperitoneal infertility of inflammatory origin].

The influence of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) on the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, differential blood cell count, and pH values in peripheral blood was studied in 15 woman volunteers suffering tuboperitoneal infertility (TPI) of inflammatory origin. They were found to have a significantly (p < 0.05) lower number of erythrocytes, absolute number of stab neutrophils, and relative number of segmented neutrophils compared with the respective normal values. In addition, their blood pH values were decreased. The above changes are characteristic of hypoxic conditions supposed "to train" tissues for chronic inflammation; such training may underlie the mechanism of therapeutic effect of alternating magnetic field in women with tubuloperitoneal infertility.

[Characteristics of hemodynamic and skin temperature during application of individually prescribed and corrected magnetotherapeutic regimes (experimental study)].

The objective of this study was to determine functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system and skin temperature believed to adequately reflect its response to the action of an alternating magnetic field (AMF). The estimated parameters included index of cardiovascular regulation and average temperature of the body surface. The time and the skin temperature were determined for each value of regulation index at which AMF action should be terminated. Algorithm for the choice of the AMF treatment regime and its correction depending on body surface temperature and its correlation with the index of cardiovascular regulation.

[Neutrophilic nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in the diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection].

The kinetics of a spontaneous peripheral blood neutrophilic nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT-test) has been studied in neonatal infants. The reaction is shown to come to an end after 60-min reaction mixture thermostating, thereafter the proportion of activated neutrophils (PAN) does not change (PAN(infinity)). The reaction is described using the first-order kinetic equation that is similar to that having the rate constant k1. The calculations of PAN(infinity) and k1 allow a differential diagnosis of bacterial infections with and/or without pneumonia.

[Estimation of cell viability using their morphometrical parameters by the example of cultivated fibroblasts].

The viability of cultivated fetal fibroblasts has been estimate cytochemically, by system of expert estimations and by entropy equivalent (EE) generate, on the basis of the thermodynamic theory of nonequlibrium processes. The EE is the superposition of the transformed correlation matrix elements which are calculated by geometrical parameters of cell projections, using perimeter, the area, the compactness, and the central moments of the first and third orders, their difference and Fourier Description. Geometrical parameters of cells, which are the most effective for the estimation of viability by EE, and also necessary and sufficient for such estimation of cell number, are determined. It was shown, that cytochemical and expert estimations of viability well correlate with value of EE, which, according to thermodynamic representations, grows during artificial destruction of culture and at deterioration of its quality.

[On the stoichiometry of intercellular Na+/K(+)-exchange].

Literature data on the atomic and ionic sizes of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+), and the thermodynamic, and physicochemical characteristics of solutions containing Na+ and K+ have been compared. It was shown that in solutions containing Na+ only the activity of H+ is 1.31 +/- 0.038 times higher than in solutions containing only K+. It was concluded that there is reason to believe that the stoichiometry of Na+/K(+)-exchange is close to 3:4. The different degree of hydratation of Na+ and K+ caused by different density of their charges is considered to be the main reason for the result obtained.

Blood coagulation initiates respiratory burst in neutrophils.

Using the in vitro reaction of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction we showed that blood coagulation stimulates production of reactive oxygen species by human neutrophils. Heparin and chondroitin sulfate produced by thrombin-activated basophils are good candidates for inductors of these processes. Similar activation probably occurs in vivo under the influence of inductors secreted by mast cells.

[Use of external local low pressure to improve blood flow in children with infantile cerebral palsy].

Cardiovascular system was studied in 16 children with spastic quadriplegic infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) aged 3-10 years. It was found at rheography that hemodynamics of ICP children differs from normal, in particular arterial tonicity and peripheral resistance were increased. The children were exposed to external local low pressure. This treatment reduced vascular tonicity, peripheral resistance and increased arterial elasticity. The effect is most noticeable on rheoencephalograms.

[Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by human blood neutrophils. I. The influence of pH].

Activity of blood neutrophils of 14 healthy volunteers (8 women, 6 men, aged from 21 to 37 years) was investigated in the Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) reduction reaction at pH 7.0, 7.3, and 7.6. The dependence of the percentage of NBT-positive neutrophils on the reaction time was described by a kinetic equation with constants k1 and k2, characterizing, accordingly, speeds of NBT absorption and reduction by neutrophils. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001), was found between k1 and k2, which pointed to dependence of the speed of NBT restoring by neutrophils on the speed of its entry to the cell. Both the constants and speeds of successive process stages have maximum values at pH 7.3 (corresponding to physiological value of blood pH), and decrease at medium acidification or alkalization. The k1/k2 ratio does not depend on the time (0-6 h) or pH (7.0-7.6) of blood incubation before the reaction. The most active neutrophils (potential pH agocytes) have a lesser membrane permeability than do neutrophils of another class, and their activity more increases at medium acidification in vitro and, probably, in vivo. The activation of neutrophils leads to an increase in medium pH that alongside with an increase in the number of active potential phagocytes, evidently has a physiological meaning.

[Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by human blood neutrophils. II. The influence of sodium and potassium ions].

Activity of blood neutrophils of 18 healthy volunteers (4 men and 14 women aged from 20 to 32 years) was investigated in the Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) reduction reaction in Na- and K-phosphate buffers (0.1 M, pH 7.3) after a preliminary incubation of heparinized blood (37 degrees C, 0-7 h). It was found that the percentage of NBT-positive neutrophils in the presence of Na+ is higher than in the presence of K+. The dependence of percentage of NBT-positive neutrophils on the reaction time is described by a kinetic equation with constants k1 and k2, characterizing accordingly, speeds of NBT absorption and reduction by neutrophils. It has been shown that k1, k2 and k1/k2 values differ in potential phagocytes and in neutrophils, which are not capable of adherence. The kinetics constants of the latter cells do not depend on both cations and incubation time, while the percentage of NBT-positive potential phagocytes, and their k1 and k2 in the presence of Na+ are higher than in the presence of K+, and the values of described parameters are changed during incubation. During incubation the percentage of NBT-positive neutrophils increases to result in a partial aggregation of thrombocytes, as a consequence of excretion in the blood of products involved in this process.

Analysis of tensiograms of cerebrospinal fluid with a kinetic model.

We develop a model for estimation of the parameters of dynamic tensiometry of biological fluids based on equations of formal chemical kinetics. The model considers diffusion of low- and high-molecular compounds and conformational restructuring of these compounds in the surface layer. This model was tested on cerebrospinal fluid from patients with meningitis. Some correlations between the parameters of tensiometric curves and protein, chloride, neutrophil, and lymphocyte content in the liquor are detected.

[Optimized conditions for cholinesterase determination]. / Optimizatsiia uslovii opredeleniia kholiésterazy.

The impact of the buffer capacity and of buffer nature on the effective activity of enzymes was demonstrated by the example of blood choline esterase (CE). The enzyme activity, when determined in vitro, is inversely related with a size of the buffer capacity. The substitution of sodium for potassium entails a changed activity in the phosphate buffers, e.g. in case of CE--by 30%, which essentially surpasses the influence of pH within a range of 7.0-8.0. A possible mechanism of the observed phenomenon is under consideration.

[Neutrophil activation in vitro]. / Osobennosti aktivatsii neitrofilov in vitro.

Kinetics of spontaneous and induced reactions of Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) restoration by neutrophils was investigated in vitro. The index of activated neutrophils (IAN), commonly characterizing cell activation degree depending on the reaction time (t), was described by the equation: IAN = [NBT0](1-exp[-k1t]) + k0t; where (NBT0) is intracellular concentration of NBT, which reflects membrane permeability, k1 and k0--speed constants of the first and zero order reactions, characterizing, respectively, stimulation and spontaneous activities of enzymatic systems involved in NBT restoration. We detected the ability of heparin (2.0-7.5 mkg/ml) or chondrotin sulphate (0.25-2.5 mkg/ml) to activate neutrophils and presumably to maintain in vivo their spontaneous activity. The values of kinetics equation parameters enable us to speculate about relative hyper-, hypo- and normal function of neutrophils, related to the functional state of the whole organism. The value of [NBT0] changes from 8 to 103 conventional units, and a high correlation exists between this index and the reaction speed constants, differing in stimulated and spontaneously activated cells. The latter are represented by neutrophils only, which, as shown before, produce active forms of oxygen, used, probably, not for phagocytosis needs. The share of such cells makes approximately 30-40% of the neutrophil recirculating pool, and positively correlates with [NBT0], (r = 0.58; P < 0.05). This is determined by a very high membrane permeability of this neutrophil subpopulation. The detected different spontaneous and stimulated ability, various membrane permeability and enzyme system activity confirm the neutrophil functional unequality, which defines their activation peculiarity.

[Local and systemic hemodynamic reactions as components of action of local lowered pressure]. / Mestnye i sistemnye gemodinamicheskie reaktsii kak sostavliaiushchie vozdeistviia lokal'nogo ponizhennogo davleniia.

It is shown that low atmospheric pressure produces a positive effect on systemic and regional hemodynamics in patients with diseases of the small pelvis and lower limbs manifesting by increased speed of regional blood flow due to lowering of peripheral resistance in small caliber arteries and arterioles, reduction of venous congestion and improvement of microcirculation. This makes hypobarotherapy perspective in treating diseases running with arterial ischemia and venous congestion.